Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are highly enriched in neuronal synaptosomal plasma membranes and vesicles
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Stuck at the bench: Potential natural neuroprotective compounds for concussion - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3205506
concussions concussion natural therapies brain curcumin omega 3 resveratrol green tea EGCG EPA DHA vitamin E vitamin c vitamin D
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effective supplementation and/or increased ingestion of dietary sources rich in EPA and DHA, such as cold-water fish species and fish oil, may help improve a multitude of neuronal functions, including long-term potentiation and cognition.
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multiple preclinical studies have suggested that DHA and/or EPA supplementation may have potential benefit through a multitude of diverse, but complementary mechanisms
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pre-injury dietary supplementation with fish oil effectively reduces post-traumatic elevations in protein oxidation
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The benefits of pre-traumatic DHA supplementation have not only been independently confirmed,[150] but DHA supplementation has been shown to significantly reduce the number of swollen, disconnected and injured axons when administered following traumatic brain injury.
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DHA has provided neuroprotection in experimental models of both focal and diffuse traumatic brain injury
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potential mechanisms of neuroprotection, in addition to DHA and EPA's well-established anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
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Despite abundant laboratory evidence supporting its neuroprotective effects in experimental models, the role of dietary DHA and/or EPA supplementation in human neurological diseases remains uncertain
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Several population-based, observational studies have suggested that increased dietary fish and/or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption may reduce risk for ischemic stroke in several populations
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Randomized control trials have also demonstrated significant reductions in ischemic stroke recurrence,[217] relative risk for ischemic stroke,[2] and reduced incidence of both symptomatic vasospasm and mortality following subarachnoid hemorrhage
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curcumin has gained much attention from Western researchers for its potential therapeutic benefits in large part due to its potent anti-oxidant[128,194,236] and anti-inflammatory properties
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Curcumin is highly lipophilic and crosses the blood-brain barrier enabling it to exert a multitude of different established neuroprotective effects
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in the context of TBI, a series of preclinical studies have suggested that pre-traumatic and post-traumatic curcumin supplementation may bolster the brain's resilience to injury and serve as a valuable therapeutic option
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Curcumin may confer significant neuroprotection because of its ability to act on multiple deleterious post-traumatic, molecular cascades
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studies demonstrated that both pre- and post-traumatic curcumin administration resulted in a significant reduction of neuroinflammation via inhibition of the pro-inflammatory molecules interleukin 1β and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)
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no human studies have been conducted with respect to the effects of curcumin administration on the treatment of TBI, subarachnoid or intracranial hemorrhage, epilepsy or stroke
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studies have demonstrated that resveratrol treatment reduces brain edema and lesion volume, as well as improves neurobehavioral functional performance following TBI
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green tea consumption or supplementation with its derivatives may bolster cognitive function acutely and may slow cognitive decline
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At least one population based study, though, did demonstrate that increased green tea consumption was associated with a reduced risk for Parkinson's disease independent of total caffeine intake
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a randomized, placebo-controlled trial demonstrated that administration of green tea extract and L-theanine, over 16 weeks of treatment, improved indices of memory and brain theta wave activity on electroencephalography, suggesting greater cognitive alertness
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Other animal studies have also demonstrated that theanine, another important component of green tea extract, exerts a multitude of neuroprotective benefits in experimental models of ischemic stroke,[63,97] Alzheimer's disease,[109] and Parkinson's disease
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Theanine, like EGCG, contains multiple mechanisms of neuroprotective action including protection from excitotoxic injury[97] and inhibition of inflammation
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More recent research has suggested that vitamin D supplementation and the prevention of vitamin D deficiency may serve valuable roles in the treatment of TBI and may represents an important and necessary neuroprotective adjuvant for post-TBI progesterone therapy
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Progesterone is one of the few agents to demonstrate significant reductions in mortality following TBI in human patients in preliminary trials
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in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that vitamin D supplementation with progesterone administration may significantly enhance neuroprotection
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Vitamin D deficiency may increase inflammatory damage and behavioral impairment following experimental injury and attenuate the protective effects of post-traumatic progesterone treatment.[37]
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emerging evidence has suggested that daily intravenous administration of vitamin E following TBI significantly decreases mortality and improves patient outcomes
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high dose vitamin C administration following injury stabilized or reduced peri-lesional edema and infarction in the majority of patients receiving post-injury treatment
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it has been speculated that combined vitamin C and E therapy may potentiate CNS anti-oxidation and act synergistically with regards to neuroprotection
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one prospective human study has found that combined intake of vitamin C and E displays significant treatment interaction and reduces the risk of stroke
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Pycnogenol has demonstrated the ability to slow or reduce the pathological processes associated with Alzheimer's disease
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Pcynogenol administration, in a clinical study of elderly patients, led to improved cognition and reductions in markers of lipid peroxidase
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One other point of consideration is that in neurodegenerative disease states like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where there are high levels of reactive oxygen species generation, vitamin E can tend to become oxidized itself. For maximal effectiveness and to maintain its anti-oxidant capacity, vitamin E must be given in conjunction with other anti-oxidants like vitamin C or flavonoids
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These various factors might account for the null effects of alpha-tocopherol supplementation in patients with MCI and Alzheimer's disease
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preliminary results obtained in a pediatric population have suggested that post-traumatic oral creatine administration (0.4 g/kg) given within four hours of traumatic brain injury and then daily thereafter, may improve both acute and long-term outcomes
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Acutely, post-traumatic creatine administration seemed to reduce duration of post-traumatic amnesia, length of time spent in the intensive care unit, and duration of intubation
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At three and six months post-injury, subjects in the creatine treatment group demonstrated improvement on indices of self care, communication abilities, locomotion, sociability, personality or behavior and cognitive function when compared to untreated controls
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patients in the creatine-treatment group were less likely to experience headaches, dizziness and fatigue over six months of follow-up
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CNS creatine is derived from both its local biosynthesis from the essential amino acids methionine, glycine and arginine
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Studies of patients with CNS creatine deficiency and/or murine models with genetic ablation of creatine kinase have consistently demonstrated significant neurological impairment in the absence of proper creatine, phosphocreatine, or creatine kinase function; thus highlighting its functional importance
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chronic dosing may partially reverse neurological impairments in human CNS creatine deficiency syndromes
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Several studies have suggested that creatine supplementation may also reduce oxidative DNA damage and brain glutamate levels in Huntington disease patients
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Another study highlighted that creatine supplementation marginally improved indices of mood and reduced the need for increased dopaminergic therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease
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Sex Hormones and Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study and Meta-Analyses: The Jou... - 0 views
press.endocrine.org/...jc.2015-2687
low T low Testosterone Testosterone hormones stroke ischemic stroke obesity overweight hypertension
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Toxicity of the spike protein of COVID-19 is a redox shift phenomenon: A novel therapeu... - 0 views
www.sciencedirect.com/...S0891584923005014
COVID19 COVID-19 cancer inflammation SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins COVID spikeopathy
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Long-term effects include redox shift and cellular anabolism as a result of the Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction
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Long-term effects include redox shift and cellular anabolism as a result of the Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction
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Long-term effects include redox shift and cellular anabolism as a result of the Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction
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Long-term effects include redox shift and cellular anabolism as a result of the Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction
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Lipoic acid and Methylene Blue have been shown to enhance the mitochondrial activity, relieve the Warburg effect and increase catabolism
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Lipoic acid and Methylene Blue have been shown to enhance the mitochondrial activity, relieve the Warburg effect and increase catabolism
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Lipoic acid and Methylene Blue have been shown to enhance the mitochondrial activity, relieve the Warburg effect and increase catabolism
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Methylene Blue, Chlorine dioxide and Lipoic acid may help reduce long-term Covid-19 effects by stimulating the catabolism
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Methylene Blue, Chlorine dioxide and Lipoic acid may help reduce long-term Covid-19 effects by stimulating the catabolism
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Methylene Blue, Chlorine dioxide and Lipoic acid may help reduce long-term Covid-19 effects by stimulating the catabolism
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direct consequence of redox iMeBalance, itself a consequence of decreased energy yield by the mitochondria
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direct consequence of redox iMeBalance, itself a consequence of decreased energy yield by the mitochondria
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mitochondrial dysfunction and increased levels of lactate, which are important characteristics of metabolic shift and Warburg effect in many diseases
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mitochondrial dysfunction and increased levels of lactate, which are important characteristics of metabolic shift and Warburg effect in many diseases
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cell division is the most sophisticated way to release entropy
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redox signaling plays an important role in regulating immune function and inflammation, and disruptions in this signaling can lead to excessive cytokine production and immune system activation
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reduced extracellular environment in the elderly and the increased susceptibility to Covid-19 infection
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reduced extracellular environment in the elderly and the increased susceptibility to Covid-19 infection
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Redox signaling tightly modulates the inflammatory response and oxidative stress has been reported in acute Covid-19
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People at high risk are the elderly, patients suffering from metabolic syndrome such as obesity, or those suffering from chronic diseases such as cancer or inflammation
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COVID-19 patients with severe disease have higher levels of oxidative stress markers and lower antioxidant levels
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oxidative stress can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is a protein complex that plays a key role in the cytokine storm
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inflammation leads to the formation of ROS and RNS, while redox iMeBalance results in cellular damage, which in turn triggers an inflammatory response
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persistently elevated mtROS triggers endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which results in a vicious loop involving ROS, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction
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IL-2 is highly up-regulated in Covid-19 patients [37], and IL-2 is known to significantly stimulate the generation of NO in patients
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Elevated levels of lactate, a characteristic of the Warburg effect, were also reported in the high-risk Covid-19
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vaccinated with RNA or DNA vaccines triggering the synthesis of the viral spike protein in human cells
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viral reactivation in varicella-zoster virus [55] or hepatitis [56], coagulopathy and resulting stroke and myocarditis following both DNA-based vaccines [57] and RNA-based vaccines
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characteristic of the Warburg effect is present in almost every disease and appears to be a central feature in most of the hallmarks of cancer
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inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased lactate concentrations in the extracellular fluid
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As the mitochondria are impaired, the infected cell cannot catabolize efficiently. It will release lactic acid in the blood stream
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Striking similarities are seen between cancer, Alzheimer's disease and Covid-19, all related to the Warburg effect
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Cancer, inflammation, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases share a common peculiarity, the inability of the cell to export entropy outside the body in the harmless form of heat
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MEB relieves the Warburg effect [87], improves memory [77], is active in the treatment of depressive episodes [79,80] and reduces the importance of ischemic strokes
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MEB relieves the Warburg effect [87], improves memory [77], is active in the treatment of depressive episodes [79,80] and reduces the importance of ischemic strokes
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It has been shown that Covid-19-patients treated with MEB, have a significant reduction in hospital stay duration and mortality
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MeB + can take a pair of electrons (of H atoms) and MeBH can release this pair easily, so that MeB is partially recycled like a catalyst
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MeB acts as an electron bridge between a donor (FADH2, FMNH, NADH) and an acceptor (complex IV of ETC or oxygen itself)
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As a coenzyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) initiates the formation of acetyl-CoA to feed the TCA cycle
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ALA enhances the catabolism of carbon. cycle and therefore may reduce the Warburg effect and consequently, lactate production
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Methylene Blue plays a similar role after the TCA cycle, by carrying electrons to complex IV of the electron transport chain
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Drugs such as lipoic acid and MeB, which target the metabolism, decrease the redox shift by increasing catabolism
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Cortisol, Testosterone, and Coronary Heart Disease - 0 views
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Low Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate is Associated With Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke... - 0 views
stroke.ahajournals.org/...1784.full
DHEA DHEAS DHEA-S dehydroepiandrosterone stroke women female hormone hormones cardiovascular disease
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Extreme Concentrations of Endogenous Sex Hormones, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Death in... - 0 views
atvb.ahajournals.org/...471.abstract
Testosterone Estradiol Estrogen hormone hormones women female cardiovascular disease heart disease
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JAMA Network | JAMA Internal Medicine | Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2, High-S... - 0 views
archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx
LP-PLA2 lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 stroke CVD hsCRP
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Low Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate is Associated With Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke... - 0 views
stroke.ahajournals.org/...STROKEAHA.111.000485.abstract
DHEAS stroke women ischemic stroke deydroepiandrosterone sulfate
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http://www.altmedrev.com/publications/14/1/14.pdf - 0 views
www.altmedrev.com/...14.pdf
stroke hs-CRP homocysteine brain brain health omega-3 krill oil inflammation Testosterone male obesity hormone hormones disease cancer
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IOS Press - Journal Article - 0 views
iospress.metapress.com/...c828m5t46j6850x5
progesterone hormone hormones neuroprotection brain neurology
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Increased extracellular levels of ascorbate in the striatum after middle cerebral arter... - 0 views
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In older men an optimal plasma testo... [J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24257908
Testosterone DHT cardiovascular disease heart men estradiol E2 dihydrotestosterone male hormone hormones
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Chronic distress and acute vascular stress r... [J Hum Hypertens. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24284381
low T Testosterone cortisol stress cardiovascular disease blood pressure male men hormone hormones
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[Androgenic deficit and its treatment in stroke male patients with diabetes mellitus ty... - 0 views
www.researchgate.net/...with_diabetes_mellitus_type_II
low T Testosterone hypogonadism diabetes type II diabetes stroke therapy treatment men male hormone hormones
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Small study of 154 men post 1rst stroke finds a reduction in a second ischemic stroke with Testosterone therapy. That equals a 7.1% risk of secondary stroke in the Testosterone treated group (diagnosed with low T) versus 16.6% in the untreated group. Testosterone was started one week after the first stroke event.
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Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: evidence on causality from a meta-analysis -- ... - 0 views
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Patients with High Level of Creatinine Can Undergo Angiography in India - 101 Press Rel... - 0 views
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Early long-term L-T3 replacement rescues mitochondria and prevents ischemic cardiac rem... - 0 views
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T3 in the post MI individual decreases the MI infarct size and the progression to heart failure. What is really interesting about this study is that the T3 induced mitochondrial biogenesis and activity which is a great thing in recovery of MI and also in disease i.e. cancer. However, it appears to increase HIF-1alpha and angiogenesis which is stimulated by retrograde signaling. There is a muddied picture here. Because T3 stimulates oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondria biogenesis which is favorable for health. However, in this study of rats, it induced HIF-1alpha and angiogenesis in post MI, which is favorable to recovery, yet this is unfavorable for cancer. Yet oxidative phosphorylation is favorable to cancer prevention/elimination and MI recovery.
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Acute Anti-Ischemic Effect of Testosterone in Men With Coronary Artery Disease - 0 views
circ.ahajournals.org/...1666.full
low T low Testosterone CAD CVD testosterone artery dilation heart myocardium myocardial ischemia cardiology men male hormone hormones
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Sex steroids and cardiovascular disease Yeap BB - Asian J Androl - 0 views
www.ajandrology.com/article.asp
cardiovascular disease CVD sex estradiol carotid intima-media thickness hormones hormone men Testosterone estrogen
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Levels of SHBG are higher in older men, therefore levels of free T decline more steeply than total T as men's age increases.
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calculations based on mass action equations may not reflect precisely free T measured using a reference method
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free T declines more steeply with age than total T in both cross-sectional [35] and longitudinal studies, [36] as does free E2 in comparison to total E2
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T may slow development of or progression of atherosclerosis by modulating effects on insulin resistance, inflammation, endothelial function, preclinical atherosclerosis or the vasculature.
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these cross-sectional and longitudinal studies support a relationship between low circulating T with CIMT and higher E2 with its progression
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low levels of total or bioavailable T were associated with aortic atherosclerosis manifested as calcified deposits detected by radiography
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Men with total or free T in the lowest quartile had increased adjusted ORs for PAD defined as ABI <0.90, as did men with free E2 in the highest quartile of values
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The apparent association of SHBG with intermittent claudication reflects the correlation of total T with SHBG, while the contribution of E2 to risk of PAD remains unclear
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men with total T in the lowest quartile of values (<11.7 nmol l−1 ) experienced an increased incidence of stroke or transient ischemic attack
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cohort studies in mostly older men have supported the association of lower androgen levels with higher mortality
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lower total or free T levels were associated with mortality in older men, but with discordant results for cause-specific mortality and for associations of E2
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several large studies identifying lower endogenous levels of total or free T as independent predictors of all-cause or CVD-related deaths in middle-aged and older men
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T exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, enhances flow-mediated brachial artery reactivity, and reduces arterial stiffness
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Short-term T therapy had a beneficial effect on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in middle-aged men with coronary artery disease or chronic stable angina, [95],[96],[97] and reduced angina frequency in older men with diabetes and coronary artery disease
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there are interventional studies supporting a protective effect of exogenous T against myocardial ischemia in men with coronary artery disease
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Observational studies indicate that lower levels of endogenous T in older men are associated with the presence of carotid atherosclerosis, aortic and peripheral vascular disease, and incidence of CVD events and mortality
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Interventional studies have shown beneficial effects of exogenous T on vascular function and on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in men with coronary artery disease
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