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Study finds that "midrange" Testosterone and DHT associated with a reduced ischemic heart disease and death rate.  No association was found with Estradiol.  One flaw of this study is in their use of serum.

Lp(a) found to highly correlate with obstructive coronary disease.

football lineman found to have increased heart dysfunction (increased left ventricular hypertrophy and increased left ventricular mass) and hypertension, compared to all other positions, throughout one season.

Mediterranean diet found to reduce hsCRP, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MCP in high-risk adults out to 5 years!  This study compared the Mediterranean diet to a low fat diet.

Lp(a) is a distinct lipoprotein from from LDL.  An Lp(a) is a distinct cardiovascular  biomarker risk.

Lp(a), especially the particle #, is highly associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

High HDL found to actually increase cardiovascular risk in men and women. Peak benefit is found at 58 mg/dl and 77 mg/dl for men and women respectively. Higher levels of HDL >90 increased risk and all-cause mortality in men and women.

good review of the coronary calcium score and associated risk estimates.

Very interesting case study of amiodarone induced hypothyroidism that resulted in pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade.

Study finds new difference in Testosterone benefits and/or side effects between men < 65 with low T and men > 65 with low T.

Lipoprotein (a) cholesterol is a better predictor of CAD and CVD events than Lipoprotein (a) mass.

animal study finds high dose Carnitine plus selenium protects against oxidative stress of the heart.

Incredible read on how T3 improves heart remodeling, healing,and function; sadly, most physicians are unaware

Great article on how the thyroid helps to regulate the heart

A more recent article on the interpretation of the coronary calcium score.  Score alone must be taken in context with the individual.

CoQ10 supplementation of 150 mg in individuals with CAD found to have increased catalase activity, increased SOD activity, an increased MDA levels.  This reduced oxidative stress, TC, and LDL levels.

low T3 associated with poor prognosis in cardiac patients.   Poor prognosis = death.  T3 is important in cardiac remodeling, which is inherently important with cardiac disease.

New study: vitamin C levels correlate with cognitive and metabolic health. What is your vitamin C level? Despite the adequate levels of vitamin C intake, a large % of the individuals had inadequate vitamin C levels which points to a demand issue.  Higher oxidative stress, chronic inflammation... would drive demand for vitamin C higher. Lower vitamin C levels were associated with more metabolic disease, ie. DM, and more cognitive decline.

Intracoronary Testosterone infusion of Testosterone found to increase arterial dilation and improve blood flow.

This study appears to fly in the face of the recent studies on the dangers of Testosterone therapy in those with comorbidities.  This study was a retrospective cohort.  The study found that men in the highest risk for MI, had a reduced MI risk with Testosterone therapy.  Men in the lower risk quartiles had no such benefit.  Of note, the frequency of injections suggests inadequate dosing i.e. 4.4 in first year and 8.2 in follow up.  Most injection regimens will require at least monthly injections, though Testosterone pellets were used.  Of special note, no mention of level testing of Testosterone prior to study and/or during study and follow up.