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Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone Deficiency in Young Men: Marked Alterations in Whole Body Protein Kinetics... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jcem.83.6.4892

low T low Testosterone muscle muscle mass strength fat obesity adipose tissue metabolism hormone hormones men male

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Mar 15
     
    low T in men, small study, found to decrease muscle growth, decreased strength as a result, decrease in fat oxidation/breakdown and increase in fat stores.  Low T turns the muscle:fat ratio in men upside down--the result is a metabolic derailment.
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of creatine supplementat... [Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...12945830

phosphocreatine LDM lean body mass muscle creatine sports sport

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Jun 12
     
    phosphocreatine increases lead body mass.
Nathan Goodyear

Reevaluation of the protein requirement in young men with the indicator amino acid oxid... - 0 views

ajcn.nutrition.org/...995.long

protein macronutrients nutrition diet men

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • the mean and population-safe protein requirements were estimated to be 0.93 and 1.2 g · kg−1 · d
  • diet containing 0.90 g · kg−1 · d−1 was at or above physiologic protein requirements for sedentary men
  • The current EAR recommendation and RDA for protein are 0.66 and 0.80 g · kg−1 · d−1, respectively. We believe that these recommendations are tentative because no long-term studies have suggested that these values would maintain nitrogen balance along with lean body mass, muscle mass, serum protein concentrations, immunity, functional capacity etc
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • a series of long-term balance studies (67-69) showed that intake of the proposed safe allowance of 0.57 g (70) egg protein resulted in negative nitrogen balance, loss of lean body mass, and deteriorating serum protein and transferase values unless additional energy or nonessential nitrogen was supplied
  • The results of the present study suggest that the current EAR recommendations (0.66 g · kg−1 · d−1) and RDA (0.80 g · kg−1 · d−1) for protein are underestimated at 29% and 33%, respectively
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jul 15
     
    study looked at protein requirements in 8 "healthy" men.  This study pointed to 1.2 g/kg/day as an appropriate daily dietary protein intake for healthy men.  This far exceeds levels per RDA.
Nathan Goodyear

urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124842 : Training and hormones in physically active women : with an... - 0 views

umu.diva-portal.org/...record.jsf

resistance training exercise women hormones training female

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Sep 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Sep 16
     
    Only abstract available: resistance training in first half of female cycle found to increase muscle mass and strength beyond that of the last 2 weeks.  No difference was found in the use of OCPs.
Nathan Goodyear

Perioperative growth hormone treatment and functional outcome after major abdominal sur... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC1191645

HGH growth hormone surgery recovery hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Dec 13
     
    HGH treatment preoperatively preserved muscle mass and reduced postoperative fatigue.
Nathan Goodyear

Serum sex steroids and steroidogenesis-relate... [Diabetes Metab. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24792219

androgens Testosterone DHT DihydroTestosterone weight fat insulin SHBG diabetes men male hormone hormones low T

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 May 14
     
    Overeating, which is a classical American diet, was found to increase weight, fat mass and fasting insulin.  In contrast, SHBG, Testosterone and DHT were decreased.  Enzymes responsible for androgen production i.e.3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17-beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase, were decreased in muscles of those in this study.  These changes were more pronounced in those with a family h/o of diabetes.
Nathan Goodyear

Timing of creatine or protein supplementation and resistance training in the elderly - ... - 0 views

www.nrcresearchpress.com/...H07-139

creatine protein nutrition physiology elderly training

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Aug 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Aug 11
     
    timing of creatine and amino acid intake to exercise is very important in muscle mass and strength.
Nathan Goodyear

L-Arginine Potentiates Fat Loss ( May 2011) Townsend Letter for Doctors & Patients - 0 views

www.townsendletter.com/...exercise0511.html

L-Arginine fat loss weight obesity obese overweight

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jul 11
     
    L-Arginine helps preserve muscle mass and increase fat loss.  This has enormous implications in maintaining weight loss long-term
Nathan Goodyear

Evaluation of the antiobesity effects of an amino ... [J Int Med Res. 2010 May-Jun] - P... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...20819421

weight loss fat L-Arginine overweight obesity exercise CLA

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • four amino acids (lysine, proline, alanine and arginine)
  • with or without conjugated linoleic acid to healthy overweight humans before and after exercising
  • When compared with the placebo group, several indicators, such as waist and hip circumferences, were found to have significantly decreased in the test supplement groups compared with the placebo
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • These results suggest that ingestion of these supplements might enhance the fat-burning effects of exercise.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jul 11
     
    certain amino acids pre and post exercise help to preserve muscle mass.  This has profound implications on fat loss and maintenance of fat loss long term
Nathan Goodyear

ScienceDirect - Journal of Diabetes and its Complications : Starvation diet and very-lo... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...1056872794000778

very-low-calorie diets VLC starvation HCG diet insulin resistance weight gain

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • The metabolic situation in extremely low-calorie diets may be comparable to that in starvation
  • increased insulin resistance in states of starvation and anorexia nervosa, with a concomitant role in stress hormones.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jul 11
     
    very-low-calorie diets, like found in the HCG diet, results in insulin resistance in many individuals, results in muscle mass loss, and results in many negative effects, including weight gain.
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of 6-Month Calorie Restriction on Biomarkers of Longevity, Metabolic Adaptation,... - 0 views

jama.ama-assn.org/...1539.full

overweight weight loss obesity calorie restriction metabolism

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jul 11
     
    prolonged calorie restriction results in loss of muscle mass, which results in decreased metabolism
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of Testosterone Treatment on Glucose Metabolism in Men With Type 2 Diabetes: A R... - 0 views

care.diabetesjournals.org/...2098.abstract

Testosterone treatment low subcutaneous fat visceral fat T glucose insulin resistance metabolism obesity diabetes men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jul 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jul 14
     
    Only the abstract available in this publication.  Good study design.  No improvement in insulin resistance, glycemic control or visceral adiposity in obese men with type II diabetes.  The levels of inclusion were TT < 346, which would not meet the criteria put forth by other studies.  This study appeared to look at border line "low T" men with obesity and type II diabetes and found no direct glycemic control improvement.  An increase in lean muscle mass and decrease in subcutaneous fat was found.
Nathan Goodyear

Relationship between Low Free Testosterone Levels and Loss of Muscle Mass : Scientific ... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...srep01818.html

low T Testosterone low T low Testosterone free Testosterone sarcopenia muscle mass men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Aug 14
     
    Study finds low free Testosterone and low calculated free Testosterone was associated with sarcopenia in Japanese men.  This association was not found with Total Testosterone.
fnfdoc

Causes And Treatment Of Obesity | Your Health Our Priority - 0 views

www.fnfdoc.com/...causes-treatment-obesity

BMI Obesity Causes Treatment

shared by fnfdoc on 01 May 18 - No Cached
  • fnfdoc on 01 May 18
     
    Read how to measure weight and take healthy steps for reducing fats. Obesity is excess of your calories stored in adipose tissues as fats. BMI is used for calculating body mass in relation to stronger muscles.
Nathan Goodyear

Effects of testosterone on body composition, bone metabolism and serum lipid profile in... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...16117815

Testosterone low t low testosterone Testosterone therapy body composition fat muscle male hormones hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 17
     
    Meta-analysis finds that Testosterone therapy in men 40+ reduced total body fat with an increase in fat free mass. 
Nathan Goodyear

Review of health risks of low testosterone and testosterone administration - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4391003

low Testosterone low T Testosterone men male hormone hormones health

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Hypogonadism may be defined either as serum concentration of T (either total T, bioavailable T or free T) or as low T plus symptoms of hypogonadism
  • The Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging reported the incidence of total serum T &lt; 325 ng/dL to be 20% for men in their 60s, 30% for men in their 70s and 50% for men over 80
  • The Massachusetts Aging Male Study reported that 12.3% of men aged 40 to 70 had a total serum T of &lt; 200 ng/dL with 3 or more symptoms of hypogonadism
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • The Boston Area Community Health Study reported that 5.6% of men aged 30 to 70 were hypogonadal, as defined by total serum T &lt; 300 ng/dL; or, free serum T &lt; 5 ng/dL plus 3 or more symptoms of hypogonadism
  • In a health screening project among 819 men in Taiwan, the prevalence of hypogonadism (total serum T &lt; 300 ng/dL) ranged from 16.5% for men in their 40s, 23.0% for men in their 50s, 28.9% for men in their 60s, and 37.2% for men older than 70 years of age
  • The prevalence of hypogonadism among men in Taiwan is higher than the prevalence reported in the Massachusetts Male Aging Study
  • CAG repeat sequence, within the androgen receptor (AR). Rajender et al[12] reviewed over 30 studies on the AR trinucleotide repeat and infertility
  • suggestion that CAG repeat length may determine androgen responsiveness, this issue is not clearly settled
  • reported prevalence of low T in older men range from 5.6% to 50%
  • Those in the hypogonadal group (n = 4269) had direct health care costs, that exceeded the eugonadal group (n = 4269) by an average of $7100 over the course of the observation window
  • higher economic burden and presence of co-morbidities for hypogonadism
  • minor to moderate improvements in lean mass and muscle strength
  • increased bone mineral density
  • modest enhancement in sexual function
  • reduced adiposity
  • lessening of depressive symptoms
  • Meta-analyses of clinical TRT trials as of 2010 have identified three major adverse events resulting from TRT: (1) polycythemia; (2) an increase in prostate-related events; and (3) and a slight reduction in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
  • polycythemia (&gt; 3.5-fold increase in risk
  • TRT produced a 40% prostate enlargement in older hypogonadal male Veterans over 12 mo
  • no published analysis has reported measurable increases in prostate cancer risk or Gleason score in men undergoing TRT, or in hypogonadal men with a history of prostate cancer undergoing TRT
  • the prostate which highly expresses the type II 5α-reductase enzyme. Inhibition of this enzyme via finasteride (a type II 5α-reductase inhibitor) or dutasteride (a dual type I and II 5α-reductase inhibitor) reduces circulating DHT 50%-75% and &gt; 90%, respectively[47], and reduces prostate mass[48] and prostate cancer risk
  • Normally estradiol partially regulates testosterone levels, at the hypothalamus, blunting LH and FSH release from the pituitary. As a selective estrogen receptor modulator, CC interrupts this pathway, and consequently there is a greater stimulation for the production of testosterone in Leydig cells
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15
       
      this would only apply if E1 and/or E2 levels were elevated, which the authors make no mention of.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15
     
    to be read
Nathan Goodyear

An adaptive response to uncertainty can lead to weight gain during dieting attempts - 0 views

emph.oxfordjournals.org/...369.full

weight loss nutrition diet weight obesity overweight dieting

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jan 17 - No Cached
  • dieting attempts cause weight gain via providing (misleading) information about the environment to the subconscious systems that control body mass
  • Our model predicts that energy reserves should respond to repeated attempts to diet by weight cycling and becoming greater from one cycle to the next
  • the very conditions that cause weight gain initially—a glut of food—causes further weight gain once cyclical dieting begins
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • There is evidence that among weight cycling, people those who switch between dieting and binge-eating more frequently gain more weight
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jan 17
     
    yo-yo dieting leads to weight gain, in part, due to increase food intake in between the calorie restriction phases.  The calorie restriction suppresses metabolic rate and results in muscle loss; both of which contribute to the rebound weight gain seen by so many.
Nathan Goodyear

Muscle Strength and Body Mass Index as Long-Term Predictors of Mortality in Initially H... - 0 views

biomedgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/...M168.full

strength muscle hand-grip strength hand-grip strength test mortality

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jun 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jun 16
     
    low strength via hand-grip strength test found to be associated with increased mortality risk.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone Deficiency, Cardiac Health, and Older Men - 0 views

www.hindawi.com/...143763

low T Testosterone obesity type II diabetes diabetes health wellness metabolic syndrome lipids cholesterol hypogonadism TDS testicular dysgenesis syndrome men male hormone hormones prostate cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 May 14 - No Cached
  • Studies have shown pharmacological doses of testosterone to relax coronary arteries when injected intraluminally [39] and to produce modest but consistent improvement in exercise-induced angina and reverse associated ECG changes [40]. The mechanism of action is via blockade of calcium channels with effect of similar magnitude to nifedipine
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 12 May 14
       
      This directly refutes the recent studies (3) that Testosterone therapy increases cardiovascular events.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 13 May 14
       
      Testosterone acts as a calcium channel blocker inducing vasodilation.
  • men with chronic stable angina pectoris, the ischaemic threshold increased after 4 weeks of TRT and a recent study demonstrates improvement continuing beyond 12 months [
  • Exercise capacity in men with chronic heart failure increased after 12 weeks
  • ...36 more annotations...
  • Studies have shown an inverse relationship between serum testosterone and fasting blood glucose and insulin levels
  • Medications such as chronic analgesics, anticonvulsants, 5ARIs, and androgen ablation therapy are associated with increased risk of testosterone deficiency and insulin resistance
  • Women with T2D or metabolic syndrome characteristically have low SHBG and high free testosterone
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 12 May 14
       
      This stands in polar opposite of that with men.
  • Hypogonadism is a common feature of the metabolic syndrome
  • The precise interaction between insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, and hypogonadism is, as yet, unclear but the important mechanisms are through increased aromatase production, raised leptin levels, and increase in inflammatory kinins
  • levels of testosterone are reduced in proportion to degree of obesity
  • Men should be encouraged to combine aerobic exercise with strength training. As muscle increases, glucose will be burned more efficiently and insulin levels will fall. A minimum of 30 minutes exercise three times weekly should be advised
  • Testosterone increases levels of fast-twitch muscle fibres
  • By increasing testosterone, levels of type 2 fibres increase and glucose burning improves
  • Weight loss will increase levels of testosterone
  • studies now clearly show that low testosterone leads to visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome and is also a consequence of obesity
  • In the case of MMAS [43], a baseline total testosterone of less than 10.4 nmol/L was associated with a greater than 4-fold incidence of type 2 diabetes over the next 9 years
  • There is high level evidence that TRT improves insulin resistance
  • Low testosterone predicts increased mortality and testosterone therapy improves survival in 587 men with type 2 diabetes
  • A similar retrospective US study involved 1031 men with 372 on TRT. The cumulative mortality was 21% in the untreated group versus 10% ( ) in the treated group with the greatest effect in younger men and those with type 2 diabetes
  • the presence of ED has been shown to be an independent risk factor, particularly in hypogonadal men, increasing the risk of cardiac events by over 50%
  • A recent online publication on ischaemic heart disease mortality in men concluded optimal androgen levels are a biomarker for survival
  • inverse associations between low TT or FT (Table 2) and the severity of CAD
  • A recent 10 year study from Western Australia involving 3690 men followed up from 2001–2010 concluded that TT and FT levels in the normal range were associated with decreased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, for the first time suggesting that both low and DHT are associated with all-cause mortality and higher levels of DHT reduced cardiovascular risk
  • TDS is associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality
  • The effect of treatment with TRT reduced the mortality rate of treated cohort (8.4%) to that of the eugonadal group whereas the mortality for the untreated remained high at 19.2%
  • hypogonadal men had slightly increased triglycerides and HDL
  • Men with angiographically proven CAD (coronary artery disease) have significantly lower testosterone levels [29] compared to controls ( ) and there was a significant inverse relationship between the degree of CAD and TT (total testosterone) levels
  • TRT has also been shown to reduce fibrinogen to levels similar to fibrates
  • men treated with long acting testosterone showed highly significant reductions in TC, LDL, and triglycerides with increase in HDL, associated with significant reduction in weight, BMI, and visceral fat
  • Low androgen levels are associated with an increase in inflammatory markers
  • In the Moscow study, C-reactive protein was reduced by TRT at 30 weeks versus placebo
  • In some studies, a decline in diastolic blood pressure has been observed, after 3–9 months [24, 26] and in systolic blood pressure
  • A decline was noted in IL6 and TNF-alpha
  • No studies to date show an increase in LUTS/BPH symptoms with higher serum testosterone levels
  • TRT has been shown to upregulate PDE5 [65] and enhance the effect of PDE5Is (now an accepted therapy for both ED and LUTS), it no longer seems logical to advice avoidance of TRT in men with mild to moderate BPH.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 12 May 14
       
      What about just starting with normalization of Testosterone levels first.
  • Several meta-analyses have failed to show a link between TRT and development of prostate cancer [66] but some studies have shown a tendency for more aggressive prostate cancer in men with low testosterone
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 12 May 14
       
      And if one would have looked at their estrogen levels, I guarantee they would have been found to be elevated.
  • low bioavailable testosterone and high SHBG were associated with a 4.9- and 3.2-fold risk of positive biopsy
  • Current EAU, ISSAM, and BSSM guidance [1, 2] is that there is “no evidence TRT is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer or activation of subclinical cancer.”
  • Men with prostate cancer, treated with androgen deprivation, develop an increase of fat mass with an altered lipid profile
  • Erectile dysfunction is an established marker for future cardiovascular risk and the major presenting symptom leading to a diagnosis of low testosterone
Nathan Goodyear

Obesity - Resistance Training Conserves Fat-free Mass and Resting Energy Expenditure Fo... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...oby200838a.html

obesity resistance training weight weight loss loss

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jul 11
     
    resistance focused exercise helps to reduce muscle loss in weight loss programs;  this has very important implications in ability to maintain weight loss
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