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2: Selenium and the immune response: 2. Enhancement of murine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and natural killer cell cytotoxicity in vivo. Petrie HT, Klassen LW, Klassen PS, O'Dell JR, Kay HD. J Leukoc Biol. 1989 Mar;45(3):215-20. PMID: 2564412

Effects of oils rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on immune cell composition and function in healthy humans. Kew S, Mesa MD, Tricon S, Buckley R, Minihane AM, Yaqoob P. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Apr;79(4):674-81. PMID: 15051614

Nutrient intake and immune function of elderly subjects. Wardwell L, Chapman-Novakofski K, Herrel S, Woods J. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Dec;108(12):2005-12. PMID: 19027403 doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.09.003

Cancer immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, are novel investigational cancer therapies. In contrast to chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens that are often associated with severe side effects, cancer immunotherapy stimulates the body's immune system and natural resistance to cancer, thus offering a gentler means of cancer treatment that is less damaging to the rest of the body. Surgery is generally (but not always) performed, prior to immunotherapy, to remove most of the tumor (Hanna MG, Jr. et al 2001; Jocham D et al 2004). Vaccination or immunotherapy prompts the immune system to kill residual cancer cells that persist after surgery and could result in the cancer recurring.

Supplementation with oral probiotic bacteria protects human cutaneous immune homeostasis after UV exposure-double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. Peguet-Navarro J, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Buetler T, Leclaire J, Smola H, Blum S, Bastien P, Breton L, Gueniche A. Eur J Dermatol. 2008 Sep-Oct;18(5):504-11. Epub 2008 Aug 8. PMID: 18693151

Time-dependent persistence of enhanced immune response by a potential probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101. Tsai YT, Cheng PC, Fan CK, Pan TM. Int J Food Microbiol. 2008 Dec 10;128(2):219-25. Epub 2008 Aug 26. PMID: 18809220 doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.08.009  

Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei NCC2461 on antigen-specific T-cell mediated immune responses in aged mice. Vidal K, Benyacoub J, Moser M, Sanchez-Garcia J, Serrant P, Segura-Roggero I, Reuteler G, Blum S. Rejuvenation Res. 2008 Oct;11(5):957-64. PMID: 18922048 doi:10.1089/rej.2008.0780

Stimulation of innate immunity by oral administration of dahi containing probiotic Lactobacillus casei in mice. Jain S, Yadav H, Sinha PR. J Med Food. 2008 Dec;11(4):652-6. PMID: 19053856 doi:10.1089/jmf.2006.0132

Mullin GE, Dobs A. Vitamin d and its role in cancer and immunity: a prescription for sunlight. Nutr Clin Pract. 2007 Jun;22(3):305-22. Review. PMID: 17507731 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

The vitamin D-antimicrobial peptide pathway and its role in protection against infection. Gombart AF. Future Microbiol. 2009 Nov;4:1151-65. PMID: 19895218 Vitamin D deficiency has been correlated with increased rates of infection. Since the early 19th century, both environmental (i.e., sunlight) and dietary sources (cod liver) of vitamin D have been identified as treatments for TB. The recent discovery that vitamin D induces antimicrobial peptide gene expression explains, in part, the 'antibiotic' effect of vitamin D and has greatly renewed interest in the ability of vitamin D to improve immune function. Subsequent work indicates that this regulation is biologically important for the response of the innate immune system to wounds and infection and that deficiency may lead to suboptimal responses toward bacterial and viral infections. The regulation of the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene is a human/primate-specific adaptation and is not conserved in other mammals. The capacity of the vitamin D receptor to act as a high-affinity receptor for vitamin D and a low-affinity receptor for secondary bile acids and potentially other novel nutritional compounds suggests that the evolutionary selection to place the cathelicidin gene under control of the vitamin D receptor allows for its regulation under both endocrine and xenobiotic response systems. Future studies in both humans and humanized mouse models will elucidate the importance of this regulation and lead to the development of potential therapeutic applications

Arginine and immunity. Popovic PJ, Zeh HJ 3rd, Ochoa JB. J Nutr. 2007 Jun;137(6 Suppl 2):1681S-1686S. Review. PMID: 17513447

Recent researches show eating cruciferous veggies boosts your immune system, assures a healthy heart, prevents a variety of cancers. Read the full article and enjoy the recipe!

The effects of whole mushrooms during inflammation. Yu S, Weaver V, Martin K, Cantorna MT. BMC Immunol. 2009 Feb 20;10:12. PMID: 19232107 doi:10.1186/1471-2172-10-12 In RAW 264.7 cells the induction of TNF-α production was highest in LPS and WB stimulated rather than the crimini, maitake, oyster, or shitake stimulated cells. The differences might be a result of differences in the quantity of the immunomodulatory substance or substances and or differences in solubility of mushrooms in the DMSO used to produce the extracts. However, the direction of the changes (increase versus decrease) were not different among the mushroom treatments. The lack of differential effects on cytokine secretion by the mushroom extracts suggests that the whole mushrooms must share a common component(s) that act to regulate immune function.

Vitamin d and its role in cancer and immunity: a prescription for sunlight. Mullin GE, Dobs A. Nutr Clin Pract. 2007 Jun;22(3):305-22. Review. PMID: 17507731 (free full text PDF available)

Modulation of Immune Functions by Foods Shuichi Kaminogawa and Masanobu Nanno

Luteolin is a flavonoid and more specifically a flavone. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an agent in the prevention of inflammation, a promoter of carbohydrate metabolism, and an immun

Th1/Th2 balance: the hypothesis, its limitations, and implications for health and disease. Kidd P. Altern Med Rev. 2003 Aug;8(3):223-46. Review. PMID: 12946237 Th1 pathways typically produce activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc), NK cells, macrophages, and monocytes, all of which can attack cancer cells and generally defend against tumors. 55 IFN-gamma and other Th1 cytokines are typically lower in advanced cancer patients, while the Th2 marker IL-4 can be higher or unchanged.56 Nodules of non-small cell lung cancer freshly removed from patients expressed a marked imbalance toward Th2, as did biopsy samples from basal cell carcinoma.57 In prostate cancer patients IL-2 was low (Th1) and IL-10 high.58 IL-10 is a confirmed Th1-suppressive cytokine, and heightened IL-10 is a common factor in cancer.55 IL-10 has a variety of suppressive effects that include inhibiting Th1 cytokine production, down-regulating APC and NK cell function, and lowering overall T-cell proliferation.57 Especially under the influence of IL-4 (Th2), tumor cells apparently up-regulate IL-10 that suppresses nearby killer cells. Tumor-derived IL-10 has been documented in lymphoma, ovarian carcinoma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, and renal cell and colon carcinoma.57 IL-12 is another cytokine that can be up-regulated by Th1 activity and inhibited by Th2.59 A low IL-12/IL-10 ratio was found in cervical cancer patients.55 Recent clinical studies suggest elevated IL-10 is predictive of a poor prognosis. 57 With both IL-4 and IL-10 being proven inhibitors of Th1 and promoters of Th2 activity, the recognized capability of cancerous tissue to suppress immunity is readily rationalized.

According to Dole Nutrition Institute (run by Dole Food Company Inc., one of the largest sellers of organic fruits and vegetables) mangoes are one of the 33 healthiest foods on the planet. Mangoes, the King of fruit, are known to support immunity, lower bad cholesterol and regulate homocysteine to protect the arteries. One of the best sources of beta carotene, quercetin and astragalin, mangoes provide powerful antioxidants that help preserve the body's antioxidant enzymes and prevent free radical damage

Nevertheless, the development of immunonutrition (IMN), a special form of enteral feed supplemented with specific nutrients (omega-3 fatty acids, arginine, nucleotides and sometimes glutamine) has demonstrated a beneficial effect on patients' immune systems [8]. The advantages of IMN have been demonstrated in a number of studies [9-20]. Two recent meta-analyses have concluded that the use of IMN results in a significant reduction in infection rates, and as a consequence, shorter durations of hospital stay [21-22].

Vitamin D A Key Player In Overall Health Of Several Body Organs, Says Biochemist In a paper published in the August issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Norman identifies vitamin D's potential for contributions to good health in the adaptive and innate immune systems, the secretion and regulation of insulin by the pancreas, the heart and blood pressure regulation, muscle strength and brain activity. In addition, access to adequate amounts of vitamin D is believed to be beneficial towards reducing the risk of cancer. Norman also lists 36 organ tissues in the body whose cells respond biologically to vitamin D. The list includes bone marrow, breast, colon, intestine, kidney, lung, prostate, retina, skin, stomach and the uterus.