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Cancer immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, are novel investigational cancer therapies. In contrast to chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens that are often associated with severe side effects, cancer immunotherapy stimulates the body's immune system and natural resistance to cancer, thus offering a gentler means of cancer treatment that is less damaging to the rest of the body. Surgery is generally (but not always) performed, prior to immunotherapy, to remove most of the tumor (Hanna MG, Jr. et al 2001; Jocham D et al 2004). Vaccination or immunotherapy prompts the immune system to kill residual cancer cells that persist after surgery and could result in the cancer recurring.

Bio-immunotherapy in the treatment of equine sarcoid, the commonest tumour of the horse Research Article Raija E. Hallamaa Veterinary Clinic, Pisteenkaari 4, 03100 Nummela Institute of Bio-Immunotherapy, Gylden Str. 2B, 00200 Helsinki, Finland

Active specific immunotherapy with supportive measures in the treatment of advanced palliatively nephrectomised renal adenocarcinoma. A controlled clinical study. Tykkä H. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 1981;63:1-107. PMID: 6184775

Active specific immunotherapy of advanced renal-cell carcinoma. Tykkä H, Oravisto KJ, Lehtonen T, Sarna S, Tallberg T. Eur Urol. 1978;4(4):250-8. PMID: 668735

Active specific immunotherapy with supportive measures in the treatment of palliatively nephrectomized, renal adenocarcinoma patients. A thirteen-year follow-up study. Tallberg T, Tykkä H, Mahlberg K, Halttunen P, Lehtonen T, Kalima T, Sarna S. Eur Urol. 1985;11(4):233-43. PMID: 2412827

Postoperative active specific immunotherapy with supportive measures in patients suffering from recurrent metastasized melanoma: case reports of six patients.\nTallberg T, Kalima T, Halttunen P, Tykkä H, Mahlberg K, Matous B, Sundell B.\nJ Surg Oncol. 1986 Oct;33(2):115-9.\nPMID: 3762183

Macroscopical and histopathological changes in regressing primary and recurrent equine sarcoids during active specific bio-immunotherapy. Hallamaa RE, Saario E, Tallberg T. In Vivo. 2005 Jul-Aug;19(4):761-7. PMID: 15999546

Combination immunotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a phase 2 trial. Barrera JL, Verastegui E, Meneses A, Zinser J, de la Garza J, Hadden JW. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000 Mar;126(3):345-51. PMID: 10722007 The natural cytokine mixture is a collection of natural human cytokines induced from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It contains IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor , and granulocyte-macrophage and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in nanogram quantities. It lacks IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-7. [...] This IRX-2 strategy uses perilymphatic local administration along with contrasuppression with low-dose cyclophosphamide and indomethacin and with zinc replacement therapy (as an immunorestorative). The data presented herein demonstrate that H&N SCC can respond very well to immunotherapy: there was a response rate of 100% in this series of 15 patients, with clinical reduction in tumor (1 complete response, 7 partial responses, and 7 minor responses) and histological evidence of tumor regression of 42%. Overall, the average combined estimated tumor reduction exceeded 70%. Also, patients with oral cancer noted marked analgesic and hemostatic effects from this therapy, with healing of oral lesions. [...] It is important to note that adjuvant chemotherapy is not used at INCAN. Many studies23 indicate that treatment with fluorouracil and cisplatin, the combination most in use, is effective for reducing tumors in the majority of patients; however, with no meaningful impact on survival, their routine use in the United States has recently been questioned.24-25 The expense, toxic effects, and lack of effectiveness of both drugs has made their use in other less affluent countries unwarranted. The current data on the use of IRX-2 in this and other protocols8-10 hint at improved survival, and a phase 3 randomized controlled study comparing this protocol with chemotherapy arm is to be initiat

CANCER BIO-IMMUNOTHERAPY CONTINUED Its effect on inductional control, triggered by hormones and mediated by transformed mitochondria by Thomas Tallberg Synopsis of presentations at the 3rd. World Congress on Cancer Darwin 25-27th, April 1997

Ultrastructural changes in regressing equine sarcoid tumours--mysterious role of mitochondria. Hallamaa RE. In Vivo. 2008 Jul-Aug;22(4):519-23. PMID: 18712182

Biologic/Organic/Pharmacologic Therapies: Coley Toxins Detailed Scientific Review