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Dietary supplementation with white button mushroom enhances natural killer cell activity in C57BL/6 mice. Wu D, Pae M, Ren Z, Guo Z, Smith D, Meydani SN. J Nutr. 2007 Jun;137(6):1472-7. PMID: 17513409

Limited effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on T-lymphocyte and natural killer cell numbers and functions in healthy young males. Miles EA, Banerjee T, Wells SJ, Calder PC. Nutrition. 2006 May;22(5):512-9. PMID: 16600816 doi:10.1016/j.nut.2005.11.011

K. L. Fritsche Are Omega-3 Fatty Acids Effective in Enhancing Tumoricidal Cell Activity? J. Nutr., December 1, 2005; 135(12): 2916S - 2917S.

Immune Protect with PARACTIN® contains a combination of patented ingredients that have been clinically shown to boost immune function, increasing the body's natural ability to combat challenges.* Immune Protect with PARACTIN® provides 100 milligrams of a proprietary, patented form of betaglucan that has been proven to activate the host immune system's primary defenders by activating complementary systems, enhancing macrophages and natural killer cell function.7-12* The immune cell-priming capabilities of this patented, highly purified yeast derivative exceed those of all other sources of immune supplements tested to date

Dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid, but not with other long-chain n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, decreases natural killer cell activity in healthy subjects aged >55 y. Thies F, Nebe-von-Caron G, Powell JR, Yaqoob P, Newsholme EA, Calder PC. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):539-48. PMID: 11237929

Low-dose supplementation with active hexose correlated compound improves the immune response to acute influenza infection in C57BL/6 mice. Nogusa S, Gerbino J, Ritz BW. Nutr Res. 2009 Feb;29(2):139-43. PMID: 19285605 doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2009.01.005

Immunological effect of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Terakawa N, Matsui Y, Satoi S, Yanagimoto H, Takahashi K, Yamamoto T, Yamao J, Takai S, Kwon AH, Kamiyama Y. Nutr Cancer. 2008;60(5):643-51. PMID: 18791928

A proprietary extract prepared from co-cultured mycelia of several species of Basidiomycete mushrooms, including shiitake (Lentinus edodes), active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is extracted from mushrooms using hot water following an enzyme pretreatment, but specific mushroom source and preparation details have not been fully disclosed. Patients use this to prevent and treat cancer. Animal studies suggest that AHCC has antioxidant effects and may protect against disorders induced by oxidative stress (1) and may also enhance resistance against bacterial (2) (7)and viral infections (3). In healthy humans, AHCC increased dendritic cell number and function (4) In vitro and animal studies show that AHCC exhibits some anticancer activities, but the results of these studies are vague

Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) is an alpha-glucan rich nutritional supplement produced from the mycelia of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) of the basidiomycete family of mushrooms, and should not be confused or used as a drug or medicine.[1][2] AHCC was originally designed to lower high-blood pressure. However, researchers at Tokyo University found AHCC's influence upon the innate immune system highly beneficial and published the results in 1992, though not in the commonly indexed scientific literature. In this study, researchers found that AHCC significantly increased natural killer (NK) cell activity in cancer patients, and also enhanced the effects of killer T-cells, and cytokines (interferon, IL-12, TNF-alpha

Alteration of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity in rats treated with selenium, diethylnitrosamine and ethylnitrosourea. Talcott PA, Exon JH, Koller LD. Cancer Lett. 1984 Jul;23(3):313-22. PMID: 6611196

Immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Calder PC. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1998 Apr;31(4):467-90. Review. PMID: 9698798

Selenium and immune responses. Kiremidjian-Schumacher L, Stotzky G. Environ Res. 1987 Apr;42(2):277-303. Review. PMID: 3552651

Dietary long-chain (n-3) fatty acids facilitate immune cell activation in sedentary, but not exercise-trained rats. Robinson LE, Field CJ. J Nutr. 1998 Mar;128(3):498-504. PMID: 9482755

2: Selenium and the immune response: 2. Enhancement of murine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and natural killer cell cytotoxicity in vivo. Petrie HT, Klassen LW, Klassen PS, O'Dell JR, Kay HD. J Leukoc Biol. 1989 Mar;45(3):215-20. PMID: 2564412

Fish oil and tocopherol-induced changes in natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity and PGE2 synthesis in young and old mice. Meydani SN, Yogeeswaran G, Liu S, Baskar S, Meydani M. J Nutr. 1988 Oct;118(10):1245-52. PMID: 3183771

Differential immunomodulation with long-chain n-3 PUFA in health and chronic disease. Sijben JW, Calder PC. Proc Nutr Soc. 2007 May;66(2):237-59. Review. PMID: 17466105 doi:10.1017/S0029665107005472

Time-dependent persistence of enhanced immune response by a potential probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101. Tsai YT, Cheng PC, Fan CK, Pan TM. Int J Food Microbiol. 2008 Dec 10;128(2):219-25. Epub 2008 Aug 26. PMID: 18809220 doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.08.009  

"I know what you may be thinking: "Fish oil?! I thought fish oil was supposed to be healthy! One day you say we should take it, now you're saying it puts us at risk for Swine Flu?" Well, there is a reasonable answer, but it doesn't come in the form of a simple "fish oil is good" or "fish oil is bad" kind of package. The truth is that eating fish and taking fish oil is very often extremely beneficial for a great number of health conditions. But there is no substance on Earth that is 100% healthy under every conceivable circumstance. Take water, for example. Drinking plenty of pure water is a healthful practice. On the other hand, drinking excessive amounts (water intoxication) can lead to serious bodily damage and even death. The August issue of the Journal of Nutrition reports on a study conducted on two groups of mice fed either a fish oil or corn oil enriched diet. (4) All the mice were infected with the flu virus and were then examined over a two week period. Several interesting observations were made at the conclusion of the trial: * The mice receiving the fish oil exhibited lower levels of lung tissue inflammation. This confirms the known anti-inflammatory activity of omega-3 fatty acids found in fish. * However, these same mice suffered a "40% higher mortality rate", a "70% higher lung viral load" and "a prolonged recovery period following infection". * The researchers also noted a decline in NK (natural killer) cells in the spleens of the mice that were fed fish oil and a decrease in CD8+ T cells. NK cells and cytotoxic T cells are vital players in the body's ability to deal with infections."