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Nathan Goodyear

Using Apolipoprotein B to Manage Dyslipidemic Patients: Time for a Change? - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2861973

lipoprotein lipoproteins cholesterol CVD cardiovascular disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Apo B is a key structural component of all the atherogenic lipoprotein particles, including LDL, VLDL, and IDL
  • Each of these atherogenic particles carries only one apo B molecule; thus, the total apo B level represents the total number of circulating atherogenic lipoprotein particles and provides the clinician a more accurate picture of a patient's risk of cardiovascular events
  • apo B include the fact that it does not require a fasting specimen
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Jul 15
     
    good review of lipoproteins.
Nathan Goodyear

Reevaluation of the protein requirement in young men with the indicator amino acid oxid... - 0 views

ajcn.nutrition.org/...995.long

protein macronutrients nutrition diet men

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • the mean and population-safe protein requirements were estimated to be 0.93 and 1.2 g · kg−1 · d
  • diet containing 0.90 g · kg−1 · d−1 was at or above physiologic protein requirements for sedentary men
  • The current EAR recommendation and RDA for protein are 0.66 and 0.80 g · kg−1 · d−1, respectively. We believe that these recommendations are tentative because no long-term studies have suggested that these values would maintain nitrogen balance along with lean body mass, muscle mass, serum protein concentrations, immunity, functional capacity etc
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • a series of long-term balance studies (67-69) showed that intake of the proposed safe allowance of 0.57 g (70) egg protein resulted in negative nitrogen balance, loss of lean body mass, and deteriorating serum protein and transferase values unless additional energy or nonessential nitrogen was supplied
  • The results of the present study suggest that the current EAR recommendations (0.66 g · kg−1 · d−1) and RDA (0.80 g · kg−1 · d−1) for protein are underestimated at 29% and 33%, respectively
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jul 15
     
    study looked at protein requirements in 8 "healthy" men.  This study pointed to 1.2 g/kg/day as an appropriate daily dietary protein intake for healthy men.  This far exceeds levels per RDA.
Nathan Goodyear

Low Testosterone Level and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in the Elderly Men: a Systematic... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...26154489

low T low Testosterone alzheimer's disease Testosterone men hormones hormone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jul 15
     
    Just abstract available here; low Testosterone in meta-analysis found to be associated with increased Alzheimer's disease risk in elderly men.
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of Opioids on Testosterone Levels: Cross-Sectional Study using NHANES. - PubMed ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...26177122

low T low Testosterone opiates opioids Testosterone men hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jul 15
     
    opiate use increases odds of low Testosterone; however, this is just one piece. 
Nathan Goodyear

Severe Starvation-Induced Hepatocyte Autophagy as a Cause of Acute Liver Injury in Anor... - 0 views

www.hindawi.com/...749169

liver enzymes anorexia malnutrition nutrition

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Jul 15
     
    extreme malnutrition as in anorexia is found to be associated with increased liver enzymes.
Nathan Goodyear

Prevalence and Predictors of Abnormal Liver Enzymes in Young Women with Anorexia Nervosa - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2561189

anorexia liver enzymes malnutrition women nutrition

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Jul 15
     
    liver enzymes inversely associated with body fat in women with anorexia.
Nathan Goodyear

Opposing actions of the progester... [J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19931389

progesterone metabolite progesterone metabolites metabolites 3-alpha pregnene 5-alpha pregnene breast cancer hormone hormones 5-alpha pregnenes 3-alpha pregnenes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Jan 14
     
    New understanding in progesterone metabolites.  These are not waste products, but are indeed active. This in vitro study found the balance of 5 alpha pregnenes and 3 alpha pregnenes, particularly 3 alpha HP promotes carcinogenesis or inhibits.  These receptors were found in all 4 breast cell lines evaluated.  
Nathan Goodyear

Catechol estrogen metabolites and conjugates in different regions of the prostate of No... - 1 views

carcin.oxfordjournals.org/...329.long

estrogen metabolites prostate cancer COMT GSH estrogen 4-hydroxyestradiol

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jul 15
     
    loss of ability to handle estrogen quinone metabolites is due to decreased detoxification capacity i.e.COMT, GSH...is associated with prostate carcinogenesis in rats.
Nathan Goodyear

A PERSPECTIVE ON THE ROLE OF ESTROGEN IN HORMONE-INDUCED PROSTATE CARCINOGENESIS - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3921257

prostate cancer estrogen aromatase men hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jul 15
     
    review article points to the concept that it is not Testosterone, but Estrogen that is involved with carcinogenesis of the prostate.
Nathan Goodyear

Associations of the Fecal Microbiome With Urinary Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites in... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jc.2014-2222

estrogen metabolites gut flora gut microbiome gut microbiota hormones cancer breast cancer microbiome estrogen

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 Jul 15
     
    Post-menopause women with increased gut microbiome diversity found to be associated with increased urinary excretion of estrogen metabolites compared to parent estrogens.  This relationship has been shown to be associated with a reduced breast cancer risk.
Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen Metabolism and Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women - 0 views

jnci.oxfordjournals.org/...326.full

estrogen metabolism cancer breast cancer estrogen metabolites

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 Jul 15
     
    Get article on estrogen metabolism/metabolites and their effects on the risk of breast cancer in post menopause women.  This article brings to light new information: 2:16alpha estrone ratio is not a great predicted of risk, 2-OH and 4-OH metabolites can form quinone intermediates...
Nathan Goodyear

New Frontiers in Androgen Biosynthesis and Metabolism - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3206266

androgen androgens metabolites prostate cancer hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jul 15
     
    great article on androgen metabolism in the diseased prostate.
Nathan Goodyear

Roles for the Backdoor Pathway of Androgen Metabolism in Prostate Cancer Response to Ca... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4062952

DHT androgen androgens 3 alpha-androstanediol prostate cancer male hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jul 15
     
    "back door" DHT production from 3 alpha-androstanediol following ADT.
Nathan Goodyear

Androgen deprivation promotes intratumoral synthesis of dihydrotestosterone from androg... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...srep01528.html

prostate cancer 3-alpha androstanediol 3-beta androstanediol DHT metabolite metabolites

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • PSA levels in media were increased by 3α-diol
  • Similarly to 3α-diol, 3β-diol also increased PSA levels in media in a concentration-dependent manner
  • intracellular DHT is synthesized from inactive androgen 3α- and 3β-diol via different pathways in prostate cancer cells
  • ...12 more annotations...
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jul 15
       
      error in statement: DHT metabolites are not inactive, they just don't activate AR.
  • 3β-diol can be a precursor of DHT in prostate cancer cells.
  • serum 3α-diol G levels reflect the androgen milieu in localized prostate cancer patients receiving ADT
  • A few studies reported that 3β-diol is a potential ligand of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and has an antiproliferative effect
  • our results revealed that 3β-diol is potentially a precursor of DHT in prostate cancer cells
  • Bauman et al. showed that 3α-diol is inactive at AR, but induces prostate growth
  • Prostate cancer cells promoted synthesis from the DHT metabolite 3α-diol during the long duration of ADT
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jul 15
       
      the authors highlight the suggestion is that 3alpha-diol's activity is via 3alpha-HSD, but fail to mention that it is known that 3alpha-diol interacts with the ER-alpha in the prostate.
  • verified the synthesis of DHT from 3α- or 3β-diol via different pathways in prostate cancer cells in this study
  • HSD17B6 expression levels in prostate cancer can be useful for the diagnosis of high-risk prostate cancer
  • serum 3α-diol G levels reflect the adrenal androgen milieu in localized prostate cancer patients
  • 3α- and 3β-diol has a much more significant role in intratumoral androgen metabolism during ADT
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 14
     
    DHT metabolites play an important role of intra-prostate DHT synthesis in those following ADT.  This is a proposed mechanism for the failure rate and aggressive nature of prostate cancer that fails ADT.   3-alpha androstanediol is converted via 3 alpha HSD back to DHT.  In contrast, 3-beta androstanediol cannot.
Nathan Goodyear

British Journal of Cancer - Androgen metabolism in prostate cancer: from molecular mech... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...bjc2014268a.html

androgens metabolites hormones hormone Testosterone DHT 3 alpha-androstanediol 3 beta androstanediol cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jul 15
     
    androgen metabolites and prostate cancer promotion.
Nathan Goodyear

The Androgen 5α-Dihydrotestosterone and Its Metabolite 5α-Androstan-3β, 17β-D... - 0 views

www.jneurosci.org/...1448.full

DHT 3 beta androstanediol androgens Hypothalamus HPA hormones stress

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Sex steroid hormones are primarily responsible for sex difference in adult HPA function; androgens inhibit whereas estrogens enhance HPA axis activation after a stressor
  • the PVN contains relatively high levels of AR (Bingaman et al., 1994; Zhou et al., 1994) and ERβ (Alves et al., 1998; Hrabovszky et al., 1998; Somponpun and Sladek, 2003) but is essentially devoid of ERα
  • the nonaromatizable androgen DHT and the nonselective ER ligand E2 influence HPA reactivity by acting on neurons within or surrounding the PVN
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • inhibitory action of DHT is detectable at both the level of hormone secretion as well as PVN c-fos mRNA expression
  • the inhibition can be mimicked by the DHT metabolite 3β-diol and by the subtype selective ERβ agonist DPN
  • E2 acts to enhance HPA reactivity
  • the ability of the ER antagonist tamoxifen, but not the AR antagonist flutamide, to block the inhibitory actions of DHT, speaks to the intracellular mechanism by which this inhibitory signal might be transduced.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jul 15
       
      that is because the interaction with the DHT metabolite is not with the AR, but with the ER-beta.
  • the DHT metabolite 3β-diol and the ERβ-subtype-selective agonist DPN suppressed ACTH, corticosterone, and c-fos mRNA responses to restraint stress in a manner similar to DHT
  • metabolism of DHT to 3β-diol and subsequent binding to ERβ can be inhibitory to HPA reactivity, and this is one possible mechanism for the action of DHT.
  • Our data also suggest that E2 enhances the reactivity of the HPA axis to stress by acting on or near neurons of the PVN
  • the actions of E2 appear to be through an ERα-dependent mechanism
  • these studies suggest that ERβ, within the male hypothalamus, acts to inhibit the HPA axis and that the inhibitory effects of DHT may be, at least in part, via its intracellular conversion to 3β-diol and subsequent binding to ERβ
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jul 15
     
    DHT metabolites: particularly 3beta-androstanediol inhibit HPA axis through ER-beta.
Nathan Goodyear

Combined Diet and Physical Activity Promotion Programs to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Among... - 0 views

annals.org/article.aspx

lifestyle diet nutrition exercise diabetes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jul 15
     
    Meta analysis does find that diet and exercise (lifestyle changes) do reduce risk of diabetes.
Nathan Goodyear

Chronic maternal stress inhibits the capacity to up-regulate placental 11beta-hydroxyst... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...16135661

11beta-HSD2 stress cortisol glucocorticoids

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Jul 15
     
    acute stress is associated with increased 11beta-HSD2 in pregnant rat model.
Nathan Goodyear

11β-HSD1 inhibition ameliorates metabolic syndrome and prevents progression o... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2212859

11-betaHSD1 11-betaHSD metabolic syndrome atherosclerosis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Jul 15
     
    inhibition of 11beta-HSD1 improves metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis.  This suggests that metabolic syndrome is associated with increase 11beta-HSD1 expression/activity.  Animal study
Nathan Goodyear

Progesterone receptor modulates ER[agr] action in breast cancer : Nature : Nature Publi... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...nature14583.html

Progesterone breast cancer ER alpha ER-alpha cancer PR-C

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Jul 15
     
    Abstract only available here.  Progesterone and Progesterone receptor key to regulating ER alpha and slowing breast cancer growth.
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