Ki-67 is a prognostic parameter in breast cancer patients: results of a large populatio... - 0 views
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A wide range of techniques is available to assess tumor cell proliferation such as calculating mitotic figures in stained tissue segments, flow cytometric analysis to determine the proportion of cells being in the S phase of the cell cycle, examination of thymidine-labeling index, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), or cyclins E and D
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Ki-67 is a nuclear protein being associated with cellular proliferation and was originally identified by Gerdes et al.
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Ki-67 nuclear antigen is expressed in certain phases of the cell cycle namely S, G1, G2, and M phases, but is nonexisting in G0
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Ki-67 is also expressed at low levels (<3 % of cells) in ER-negative cells, but not in ER-positive cells
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A meta-analysis involving 12,155 patients demonstrated that the Ki-67 positivity confers a higher risk of recurrence and a worse survival rate in patients with early breast cancer.
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higher tumor stages and higher nodal status were associated with higher Ki-67 quartiles indicating that the more aggressive the tumor is the higher is the percentage of cells positively stained for Ki-67
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Previous studies were able to demonstrate that a prognostic model, the IHC 4 score, using ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 provides similar prognostic information to that in the 21-gene Genomic Health recurrence score
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ER status has been largely identified as being inversely correlated with Ki-67, with the higher rates of ER positivity shown in the lowest proliferating tumors
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Ki-67-labeling index was associated with larger tumors, higher tumor grade, peritumoral vascular invasion, and HER-2 positivity