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Nathan Goodyear

American Journal of Gastroenterology - Abstract of article: Diagnostic Precision of Fec... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...ajg2007150a.html

IBD IBS inflammation gut GI Calprotectin colorectal cancer cancer inflammatory bowel disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14
     
    Fecal calprotectin is found to be a much better screening test for IBD than colorectal cancer.  Though, fecal Calprotectin levels were found to be elevated in colorectal cancer compared to controls, the sensitivity and specificity was low.  In contrast, a fecal Calprotectin > 100 mg/g, in this study, was found to be specific and sensitive for IBD and excluding IBS.
Nathan Goodyear

Fecal Calprotectin: Validation as a Noninvasive Measure of B... : Journal of Pediatric ... - 0 views

journals.lww.com/...dation_as_a_Noninvasive.3.aspx

Calprotectin children IBD inflammatory bowel disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14
     
    fecal Calprotectin validated in the measure of IBD in children.
Nathan Goodyear

Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma patie... - 0 views

science.sciencemag.org/...595

immunotherapy gut bacteria melanoma cancer PD-1 gut flora gut microbiota gut microbiome

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Feb 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Feb 21
     
    Fecal transplant study. Gut microbes improve efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy immunotherapy.
Nathan Goodyear

BMC Microbiology | Full text | The Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes ratio of the human microb... - 0 views

www.biomedcentral.com/...123

gut flora gut microbiome gut microbiota firmicutes bacteroidetes firmicutes_bacteroidetes health gut microbiome

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 May 15 - No Cached
  • The microbiota of the large intestine plays an important role in host metabolism and maintenance of host health
  • Our results defining a standard adult profile, together with previous reports, showed that C. leptum, C. coccoides, Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium represent the four dominant groups of the adult fecal microbiota
  • Sub-dominant groups are Lactobacilli Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio, Sporomusa, Atopobium as well as other bacterial groups including Clostridium clusters XI, XIVb, and XVIII
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • In infant fecal microbiota, we observed Bifidobacterium as the dominant group
  • this observation is strongly related to diet, being enhanced by breast feeding
  • Significant higher numbers of Bifidobacterium were observed in infants versus adults and seniors
  • the gastrointestinal tract is first colonized by facultative anaerobes, such as E. coli
  • Strict anaerobes, such as Clostridium, colonize at later stages, as can be seen by the relatively low levels of C. leptum and C. coccoides in infants
  • diet change must be considered among the primary causes for such a shift of microbiota between infants and adults.
  • In the case of elderly subjects, our qPCR results indicated a significant increase in the counts of E. coli when compared to adults. This data is consistent with other publications indicating that elderly subjects harbor a different E. coli microbiota profile compared to younger adults
  • a number of authors reported a reduction in the numbers and diversity of many protective commensal anaerobes, such as Bacteroides and Bifidobacteria
  • The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio was already shown to be of significant relevance in signaling human gut microbiota status
  • Our measurements of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in adults obtained by our species-specific qPCR are in agreement with those obtained by Ley et al
  • Compared with young adults, the elderly have a different digestive physiology, characterized at a physiological level by a reduction in transit and of digestive secretions
  • The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio undergoes an increase from birth to adulthood and is further altered with advanced age
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 May 15
     
    Good discussion of the gut microbiome.  Age effects the gut bacteria balance.  The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio increases from young, to young adult, to the elderly in this study.  Is this simply a reflection of aging or is the a biomarker that can be changed through diet and targeted probiotics?
Nathan Goodyear

ftp://www.bf.lu.lv/grozs/MolekularasBiologijas/Imunol%20II/Publik%C4%81cijas%20semin%C4... - 0 views

www.bf.lu.lv/...ent%20regulation%20of%20AI.pdf

gut flora gut microbiome gut microbiota gut Testosterone hormone hormones autoimmune disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Apr 15
     
    full article to previous abstract:  fecal transplant from male mice to female mice resulted in an increase in Testosterone production in the female mice revealing a link between the gut microbial population, diversity and Testosterone production.
Nathan Goodyear

Calprotectin is a stronger predictive marker of relapse in ulcerative colitis than in C... - 0 views

gut.bmj.com/...364.abstract

Calprotectin IBD inflammatory bowel disease inflammation GI gut ulcerative colitis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14
     
    Fecal Calprotectin found to be useful as monitor for Ulcerative colitis relapse.  This was found more specific for UC than Crohn's disease.  There was a 14 fold higher relapse risk in those with levels > 150.
Nathan Goodyear

Questions and answers on the role of faecal calprotectin as a biological marker in infl... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S1590865808001916

Calprotectin inflammation IBD colorectal cancer infection disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14
     
    Calprotectin is a useful biomarker in IBD.  Colorectal cancer and GI infection can also increase fecal Calprotectin. 
Nathan Goodyear

Beta Glucan: Health Benefits in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3236515

obesity metabolic syndrome beta glucan fiber health

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Aug 16 - No Cached
  • beta glucan (β-glucan), which is a dietary fiber readily found in oat and barley bran
  • Among cereals, the highest content (g per 100 g dry weight) of β-glucan has been reported for barley: 2–20 g (65% is water-soluble fraction) and for oats: 3–8 g (82% is water-soluble fraction). Other cereals also contain β-glucan but in much lower amounts: sorghum 1.1–6.2 g, rye 1.3–2.7 g, maize 0.8–1.7 g, triticale 0.3–1.2 g, wheat 0.5–1.0 g, durum wheat 0.5-0.6 g, and rice 0.13 g
  • Other sources of β-glucan include some types of seaweed [17] and various species of mushrooms such as Reishi, Shiitake, and Maitake [18].
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Distinction between soluble and insoluble dietary fibers is based on the solubility characteristics of dietary fiber in hot aqueous buffer solutions
  • Insoluble fibers primarily consist of cellulose and some hemicelluloses, resistant starch, and chitin while soluble fibers include pectins, β-glucans, galactomannan gums, mucilages, and some hemicelluloses
  • insoluble fibers increase fecal bulk and the excretion of bile acids and decrease intestinal transit time
  • Soluble fibers increase total transit time by delaying gastric emptying and also slow glucose absorption
  • only soluble viscous fibers delay gastric emptying time and slow glucose absorption while nonviscous soluble fibers primarily act as a substrate for microbial fermentation in the colon
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Aug 16
     
    good review on Beta glucan.
Nathan Goodyear

The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the human microbiota changes with age | BMC Micro... - 0 views

bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/...1471-2180-9-123

gut gut health gut flora gut microbiota firmicutes_bacteroidetes metabolism

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • C. leptum, C. coccoides, Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium represent the four dominant groups of the adult fecal microbiota
  • Lactobacilli Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio, Sporomusa, Atopobium as well as other bacterial groups including Clostridium clusters XI, XIVb, and XVIII
  • The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio undergoes an increase from birth to adulthood and is further altered with advanced age
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Nov 16
     
    good review/discussion of gut microbiota, including the firmicutes:bacteroidetes ratio.
Nathan Goodyear

The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3735932

SCFA gut gut health diet nutrition metabolism gut flora gut microbiota

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are present in an approximate molar ratio of 60:20:20 in the colon and stool
  • SCFAs might play a key role in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome, bowel disorders, and certain types of cancer
  • SCFA administration positively influenced the treatment of ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • Gut bacteria in the cecum and large intestine produce SCFAs mainly from nondigestible carbohydrates that pass the small intestine unaffected
  • plant cell-wall polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and resistant starches
  • inulin shifted the relative production of SCFAs from acetate to propionate and butyrate
  • age of approximately 3–4 years, when it becomes mature
  • SCFAs affect lipid, glucose, and cholesterol metabolism
  • colonocytes, the first host cells that take up SCFAs and which depend largely on butyrate for their energy supply
  • the microbiota educate the immune system and increase the tolerance to microbial immunodeterminants
  • the microbiota act as a metabolic organ that can break down otherwise indigestible food components, degrade potentially toxic food compounds like oxalate, and synthesize certain vitamins and amino acids
  • a large part of the SCFAs is used as a source of energy
  • The general idea is that colonocytes prefer butyrate to acetate and propionate, and oxidize it to ketone bodies and CO2
  • Exogenous acetate formed by colonic bacterial fermentation enters the blood compartment and is mixed with endogenous acetate released by tissues and organs (103, 104). Up to 70% of the acetate is taken up by the liver (105), where it is not only used as an energy source, but is also used as a substrate for the synthesis of cholesterol and long-chain fatty acids and as a cosubstrate for glutamine and glutamate synthesis
  • SCFAs regulate the balance between fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, and lipolysis in the body.
  • Fatty acid oxidation is activated by SCFAs, while de novo synthesis and lipolysis are inhibited
  • obese animals in this study showed a 50% reduction in relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes (i.e., acetate and propionate producers), whereas the Firmicutes (i.e., butyrate producers) were proportionally increased compared with the lean counterparts.
  • increase in total fecal SCFA concentrations in obese humans.
  • In humans the distinct relation between the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio and obesity is less clear.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Nov 16
     
    Great review of the role of SCFA in gut health and body metabolism
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