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Nathan Goodyear

American Journal of Gastroenterology - Abstract of article: Diagnostic Precision of Fec... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...ajg2007150a.html

IBD IBS inflammation gut GI Calprotectin colorectal cancer cancer inflammatory bowel disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14
     
    Fecal calprotectin is found to be a much better screening test for IBD than colorectal cancer.  Though, fecal Calprotectin levels were found to be elevated in colorectal cancer compared to controls, the sensitivity and specificity was low.  In contrast, a fecal Calprotectin > 100 mg/g, in this study, was found to be specific and sensitive for IBD and excluding IBS.
Nathan Goodyear

The use of fecal calprotectin and la... [Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24261027

calprotectin lactoferrin inflammation IBD IBS inflammatory bowel disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jan 14
     
    Useful biomarkers: calprotectin and lactoferrin used to follow GI inflammation.  Calprotectin is useful to follow inactive/active IBD.  It also has been show to predict recurrence and can aid in differentiation between IBD and IBS.  Lactoferrin appears to be a biomarker more useful in GI inflammation.
Nathan Goodyear

Questions and answers on the role of faecal calprotectin as a biological marker in infl... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S1590865808001916

Calprotectin inflammation IBD colorectal cancer infection disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14
     
    Calprotectin is a useful biomarker in IBD.  Colorectal cancer and GI infection can also increase fecal Calprotectin. 
Nathan Goodyear

SMW - Swiss Medical Weekly - 22481443 - 0 views

www.smw.ch/...smw-2012-13557

Calprotectin inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jan 14
     
    Calprotectin is useful marker to follow inflammation in those with IBD.  Less invasive and can be used as a marker to follow recurrence.  Calprotectin is a neutrophil protein.
Nathan Goodyear

Role of fecal calprotectin as a biomarker ... [Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...16775498

calprotectin inflammation IBD inflammatory bowel disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jan 14
     
    Calprotectin useful marker in assessment of colonic inflammation.
Nathan Goodyear

Fecal calprotectin is a surrogate marker f... [Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...22344983

Calprotectin IBD inflammation inflammatory bowel disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jan 14
     
    Calprotectin useful as biomarker to follow remission/active IBD disease.  
Nathan Goodyear

Calprotectin is a stronger predictive marker of relapse in ulcerative colitis than in C... - 0 views

gut.bmj.com/...364.abstract

Calprotectin IBD inflammatory bowel disease inflammation GI gut ulcerative colitis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14
     
    Fecal Calprotectin found to be useful as monitor for Ulcerative colitis relapse.  This was found more specific for UC than Crohn's disease.  There was a 14 fold higher relapse risk in those with levels > 150.
Nathan Goodyear

Role of faecal calprotectin as non-invasive marker of intestinal inflammation - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S1590865803003815

Calprotectin inflammation GI gut

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14
     
    Calprotectin useful as a marker of intestinal inflammation.
Nathan Goodyear

Fecal Calprotectin: Validation as a Noninvasive Measure of B... : Journal of Pediatric ... - 0 views

journals.lww.com/...dation_as_a_Noninvasive.3.aspx

Calprotectin children IBD inflammatory bowel disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 14
     
    fecal Calprotectin validated in the measure of IBD in children.
Nathan Goodyear

Tumor regionalization after surgery: Roles of the tumor microenvironment and neutrophil... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...s12276-022-00784-2

TME NETosis metastasis surgery cancer tumor microenvironment

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • tumor surgery must be carefully considered because the risk of metastasis could be increased by the surgical procedure.
  • NETosis, which is the process of forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)
  • surgery-induced metastasis
  • ...61 more annotations...
  • surgery per se can promote cancer metastasis through a series of local and systemic events
  • surgery results in a serious wound that disrupts the structural barrier preventing the outspreading of cancer cells, change the properties of the cancer cells and stromal cells remaining in the tumor microenvironment, or impairs the host defense systems against cancers
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 23 Apr 23
       
      Key point; add to presentation on surgery and metastasis
  • After the primary tumor is surgically removed, the metastases can start to grow vigorously via neoangiogenesis because the circulating inhibitors disappear
  • infection and inflammation during the postoperative period have been reported to increase the risk of cancer recurrence in patients
  • Surgeons have long suspected that surgery, even if it is a necessary step in cancer treatment, facilitates cancer metastasis
  • Surgery-induced cancer metastasis has been well established in animal models
  • tumor cell dissemination, tumor-favoring immune responses, and neoangiogenesis
  • the surgical resection of primary tumors is beneficial is controversial
  • CTCs abruptly increase just after surgery
  • Even externally palpitating tumors for diagnosis could increase the numbers of CTCs in skin cancer and breast cancer
  • excessive glucocorticoids negatively modulate immune functions
  • immune surveillance against tumors is considered to be impaired by surgical stress
  • In addition to glucocorticoids, during stimulation of the HPA axis, the catecholamine hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from the adrenal medulla
  • NK cell suppression may be attributed to increased levels of catecholamines as well as glucocorticoids
  • In mice bearing a primary tumor, it was observed that the removal of the primary tumor facilitated the growth of highly vascularized metastases
  • primary tumors may secrete angiogenic inhibitors as well as angiogenic activators
  • second phase of tumor recurrence and metastasis, which are newly acquired events, rather than just outcomes of incomplete treatment.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 23 Apr 23
       
      Another key point
  • double-edged sword
  • HIF-1 in neutrophils plays a critical role in NETosis and bacteria-killing activity
  • neutrophils play various roles in the initiation and progression of cancer
  • NETosis
  • many inflammatory and neoplastic diseases
  • formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are large extracellular complexes composed of chromatin and cytoplasmic/granular proteins1
  • NETosis has been highlighted as an inflammatory event that promotes cancer metastasis
  • Once activated, neutrophils produce intracellular precursors by using DNA, histones, and granular and cytoplasmic proteins and then spread the mature form of NETs out around themselves
  • A series of these events is called NETosis.
  • neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, cathepsin G, proteinase 3, lactoferrin, gelatinase, lysozyme C, calprotectin, neutrophil defensins, and cathelicidins
  • innate immune response against infection
  • Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granulocytes, comprising 40–70% of all white blood cells
  • two types of NEToses, suicidal (or lytic) NETosis and vital NETosis
  • Suicidal NETosis mainly depends on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • Since neutrophils die during this process, it is called suicidal NETosis.
  • vital NETosis
  • vital NETosis occurs independently of ROS production
  • Vital NETosis can be induced by Gram-negative bacteria. LPS
  • NETs are present in a variety of cancers, such as lung cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, and leukemia
  • neutrophils actively undergo NETosis in the tumor microenvironment
  • Hypoxia
  • NETosis plays a pivotal role in noninfectious autoimmune diseases,
  • cytokines
  • tumor-derived proteases
  • tumor exosomes
  • NETosis generally actively progresses in the tumor microenvironment.
  • the proliferative cytokines TGFβ and IL-10 and the angiogenic factor VEGF are representative of neutrophil-derived tissue repair proteins.
  • NETosis is a defense system to protect the body from invading pathogens
  • when neutrophils are excessively stimulated, they produce excess NETs, thereby leading to pathological consequences
  • plasma levels of NETosis markers are elevated after major surgeries
  • local invasion, intravasation into the blood or lymphatic vessels, escape from the immune system, anchoring to capillaries in target organs, extravasation into the organs, transformation from dormant cells to proliferating cells, colonization to micrometastases, and growth to macrometastases
  • NETs promote metastasis at multiple steps
  • NETs loosen the ECM and capillary wall to promote the intravasation of cancer cells
  • NETs and platelets wrap CTCs, which protects them from attack by immune cells and shearing force by blood flow
  • NETs promote the local invasion of cancer cells by degrading the extracellular matrix (ECM)
  • neutrophil elastase, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and cathepsin G
  • NETs also promote the intravasation of cancer cells
  • millions of tumor cells are released into the circulation every day,
  • NETs can wrap up CTCs with platelets
  • β1-integrin plays an important role in the interaction between CTCs and NETs
  • NET-platelet-CTC aggregates.
  • After metastasizing to distant tissues, tumor cells are often found to remain dormant for a period of time and unexpectedly regrow late
  • NETs are believed to participate in the reactivation of dormant cancer cells in metastatic regions
  • NET-associated proteases NE and MMP-9 were found to be responsible for the reactivation of dormant cancer cells
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 23
     
    Surgery induced metastasis: it is real and steered by NETosis.
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