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anonymous

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Nathan Goodyear

Circulating 2-hydroxy and 16-α hydroxy estrone levels and risk of breast canc... - 1 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2562592

estrogen metabolism menopause post-menopause post menopause estrogen metabolite 2-OH-estrone 16-alpha-OH-estrone 2:16alpha-OH estrone breast cancer risk hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • 2-OH estrogens bind to the estrogen receptor (ER) with affinity equivalent to or greater than estradiol
  • previous prospective studies have not observed any significant associations with either 2-OH or 16α-OH estrone or the ratio of the two metabolites and breast cancer risk overall.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 08 Oct 15
       
      whether that risk is increased or decreased
  • it has been hypothesized that metabolism favoring the 2-OH over the 16α-OH pathway may be inversely associated with breast cancer risk (28).
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • they may act as only weak mitogens (14, 15), or as inhibitors of proliferation
  • While 16α-OH estrone binds to the ER with lower affinity than estradiol, it binds covalently (18-20) and once bound, fails to down-regulate the receptor (21). Thus, 16α-OH estrone stimulates cell proliferation in a manner comparable to estradiol in ER+ breast cancer cell lines
  • No significant associations have been observed between 2-OH estrone and breast cancer risk
  • In this large prospective study of 2-OH and 16α-OH estrone metabolites and breast cancer risk, we did not observe any significant associations overall with either individual metabolite or with the ratio of the two metabolites
  • our results do not support the hypothesis that metabolism favoring the 2-OH estrone pathway is more beneficial to breast cancer risk than that favoring the 16α-OH estrone pathway
  • To date, several epidemiologic studies have examined the association between the 2-OH and 16α-OH estrogen metabolites and breast cancer risk with inconclusive results.
  • circulating estrogen levels have been associated more strongly with ER+/PR+ tumors than with ER-/PR- tumors
  • we observed positive associations with 2-OH estrone and the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio among women with lower BMI and women with ER-/PR-tumors,
  • we observed significant positive associations of both 2-OH estrone and the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio with ER-/PR-tumors
  • Three (30, 32, 33) of four (30-33) studies observed RRs above 1 for the association between 16α-OH estrone and breast cancer risk (range of RRs=1.23-2.47); none of the point estimates was statistically significant though one trend was suggestive
  • we observed a suggestive inverse association with 16α-OH estrone and a significant positive association with the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio among lean women, suggesting possible associations in a low estrogen environment.
  • No significant associations have been observed between 2-OH estrone, 16α-OH estrone, or the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio and breast cancer risk and the direction of the estimates is not consistent across studies.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 08 Oct 15
       
      better worded is no consistent, significant associations.   There are some studies that point to the 16 catecholestrogen and increased cancer risk; limited studies show negative effects of 2 catecholestrogens on cancer risk and prospective studies available pretty much dispel the idea that the 2:16 ratio has an risk predictability.
  • based on animal studies, 2-OH estrone and the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio have been hypothesized to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk
  • 16α-OH estrone increases unscheduled DNA synthesis in mouse mammary cells (27) and hence also may be genotoxic
  • Although 2-OH estrogens are capable of redox cycling, the semiquinones and quinones (i.e., the oxidized forms) form stable DNA adducts that are reversible without DNA destruction
  • In our population of PMH nonusers, we observed no associations with ER+/PR+ tumors, but significant positive associations with 2-OH estrone and the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio among women with ER-/PR- tumors
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 08 Oct 15
       
      one of the few studies to find this association between 2 catecholestrogens and the 2:16 ratio and ER-/PR-tumors
  • Animal and in vitro studies have shown that hydroxy estrogens can induce DNA damage either directly, through the formation of quinones and DNA adducts, or indirectly, through redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 08 Oct 15
       
      genotoxic via directe DNA adducts and indirectly via ROS; this is in addition to the proliferative effect
  • we observed a significant positive association between the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio and breast cancer risk among lean women
  • No significant associations have been observed with the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio
  • In the Danish study, no associations were observed with either ER+ or ER- tumors among PMH nonusers
  • significant positive associations with 2-OH estrone and the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio were observed among PMH users with ER+, but not ER-, tumors
  • it is possible that the genotoxicity of 2-OH estrone plays a role in hormone receptor negative tumors
  • 4-OH estrogens have a greater estrogenic potential than 2-OH estrogens, given the lower dissociation rate from estrogen receptors compared with estradiol (61), and are potentially more genotoxic since the quinones form unstable adducts, leading to depurination and mutation in vitro and in vivo
  • the balance between the catechol (i.e., 2-OH and 4-OH) and methoxy (i.e., 2-Me and 4-Me) estrogens may impact risk
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Aug 14
     
    The risks of estrogen metabolism are not clear cut.  Likely never will be due to the complexity of individual metabolism.  This study found no correlation between 2OH-Estrone and 2OH:16alpha-Estrone and breast cancer risk in ER+/PR+ breast cancer.  Translated: no benefit in breast cancer risk in 2OH-Estrone metabolism or increased 2OH:16alpha estrone metabolism.  There was a positive association between 2OH-Estrone and 2:16alpha-Estrone in women with ER-/PR- tumors and low BMI.
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Nathan Goodyear

Estrogens and Their Genotoxic Metabolites Are Increased in Obese Prepubertal Girls: The... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jc.2015-1495

obesity fat Estrogen hormones hormone Estradiol 16-alpha-OH-estrone 16alpha-OH-estrone estrogen metabolites IL-6 inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Jun 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Jun 15
     
    Obesity in young girls increases Estradiol production compared to thin young girls.  Obesity increased  the Estrogen metabolite 16lpha-OH-E1  and this positively correlated with IL-6. 
Nathan Goodyear

Association between Lead and Cadmium and Reproductive Hormones in Peripubertal U.S. Girls - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3002200

heavy metals hormones girls puberty

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Jul 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Jul 14
     
    Study finds higher Pb levels in young girls is associated with delayed puberty onset.  This occurs through an inverse relationship with inhibin B and follicular development.  This relationship was also found with Cadmium.  Both of these heavy metals are toxic to the ovaries.
anonymous

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shared by anonymous on 06 May 17 - No Cached
  • anonymous on 06 May 17
     
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Nathan Goodyear

Potential Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin, the Anti-inflammatory Agent, Against Neurode... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2637808

curcumin inflammation disease turmeric natural cardiovascular disease CVD autoimmune disease myeloperoxidase Diabetes IBD inflammatory bowel disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • The starting dose was 500 mg/day and if no toxicity was noted, the dose was then escalated to another level in the order of 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 8,000, and 12,000 mg/day. There was no treatment-related toxicity up to 8 g/day but the bulky volume of the drug was unacceptable to the patients beyond 8 g/day.
  • The serum concentration of curcumin usually peaked at 1 to 2 hours after oral intake of curcumin and gradually declined within 12 hours
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Oct 13
     
    Great article on the benefits of curcumin in therapy for inflammation and disease.
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Nathan Goodyear

Does systemic low-grade inflammation... [J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24423339

fat mass inflammation girls obesity overweight hsCRP

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jan 14
     
    Increased fat mass in per pubertal girls is associated with inflammation.  This study evaluated inflammation via hsCRP
Nathan Goodyear

Vitamin D status and muscle function in post-menarchal adolescent girls. - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19033372

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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Aug 15
     
    vitamin D directly correlates with muscle force and power in adolescent girls performing fitness test.
Nathan Goodyear

Low Vitamin D Status Has an Adverse Influence on Bone Mass, Bone Turnover, and Muscle S... - 0 views

jn.nutrition.org/...1002.long

vitamin d strength muscle

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Aug 15
     
    normal versus low vitamin D in adolescent girls is found to be associated with increased grip strenght and lower bone turnover with increased bone mass.
Nathan Goodyear

The use of salivary progesterone assays in the assessment of ovarian function in postme... - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...265

saliva testing salivary

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • indicate the value of salivary progesterone measurements in studies of ovarian function in adolescence.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Nov 10
     
    The use of salivary progesterone assays in the assessment of ovarian function in postmenarcheal girls
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Nathan Goodyear

Salivary testosterone diurnal variation and psychopathology in adolescent males and fem... - 0 views

www.researchgate.net/...nces_and_developmental_effects

saliva salivary testosterone hormones hormone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Oct 12
     
    low testosterone in boys associated with anxiety/depression and attention problems.  Disruptive behavior found in girls with low testosterone.  All determined by salivary testing.
Nathan Goodyear

Reduction in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevalence Among Young Women Following HPV Vacc... - 0 views

jid.oxfordjournals.org/...385.long

HPV gardasil vaccine vaccinations vaccines

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 May 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 May 16
     
    study points to the lower HPV rats with the advent of the HPV vaccine; yet the greatest reduction in  HPV prevalence was in unvaccinated girls.
Nathan Goodyear

Relationship between salivary progesterone, 17-hyd... [Fertil Steril. 2001] - PubMed re... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...11532491

saliva testing salivar progesterone hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Nov 10
     
    Relationship between salivary progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and cortisol levels throughout the normal menstrual cycle of healthy postmenarcheal girls.
Nathan Goodyear

Endocrine actions of pesticides m... [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...25138556

pesticides organophosphates xenoestrogens hormone hormones free T4 TSH sexual development

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Aug 14
     
    low dose pesticide (organophosphates) exposure associated with delayed sexual development in boys and girls.  In addition, there was an inverse correlation with free T4 and a positive correlation with TSH.  
Nathan Goodyear

The implication of neuroactive steroids in Tourette syndrome pathogenesis: a ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3849218

tourette's syndrome hormones 5-alpha reductase

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Dec 15 - No Cached
  • The typical onset of TS occurs at 6–7 years of age and is characterized by the appearance of simple, recurrent motor tics, followed by the manifestation of phonic tics after several months [12]. In most children, TS symptoms undergo a progressive exacerbation, which reaches its zenith at the beginning of puberty (11–12 years of age), and is then followed by a gradual remission in the majority of patients
  • 30–40% of TS-affected children retain their symptoms in adulthood
  • Multiple neurotransmitters have been implicated in TS, including dopamine (DA), serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, glutamate and γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA)
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • female gender may predict greater tic severity in adulthood
  • male gender is a major risk factor for TS (with a male:female prevalence ratio estimated at ~4:1)
  • the typical age of onset coincides with adrenarche (6–7 years old); symptoms increase in severity until the beginning of puberty (12 years old) and then undergo a spontaneous amelioration, which becomes apparent with the end of puberty (at 18–19 years of age)
  • TS is diagnosed later in females than males
  • ample evidence supports the involvement of DAergic dysfunctions in TS
  • a number of clinical observations showed that tics in TS patients could be exacerbated by anabolic androgens
  • steroidogenic enzymes and androgen receptors may serve as putative therapeutic targets for this disorder
  • Unlike males, tic severity is typically increased after puberty in females
  • 26% of females were found to experience exacerbation of tics in the estrogenic phase of the menstrual cycle, and this phenomenon was found to be correlated with increased tic severity at menarche
  • biochemical hallmark of adrenarche is the acquisition of 17,20 lyase activity by cytochrome P450 C17 (CYP17A1)
  • increased synthesis of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione, which leads to the growth of axillary and pubic hair as well as enhancement in the oiliness of the skin
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Dec 15
     
    interesting read on hormones and tourette's.. Proposed that 5 alpha reductase activity is involved in worsening of tics.  This makes sense as Testosterone in men with low T is known to increase dopamine and dopaminergic dysfunction is known to play a role in tourette's;  the clinical presentation of girls vs boys is very different.  The authors of this article propose that 5 alpha reductase activity controls a back door method where by progesterone is converted to androgens.
anonymous

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Nathan Goodyear

Spectrum of metabolic dysfunction in relationship with hyperandrogenemia in obese adole... - 0 views

eje-online.org/...1093.long

PCOS polycystic ovarian syndrome CRP inflammation insulin insulin resistance women female hormone hormones androgens Testosterone hyperandrogenism

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • subjects with hyperandrogenemic phenotypes displayed the greatest degree of hyperinsulinemia, β-cell function, and chronic inflammation
  • The rise in serum androgens is accompanied by excess insulin secretion, suggesting that insulin directly stimulates ovarian androgen production
  • The degree of hyperinsulinemia does not seem to be directly correlated with the development of HS
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • higher androgen and insulin levels stimulate hair growth
  • genetic and epigenetic changes may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS
  • HA has been identified as an important risk factor for MS and dyslipidemias in premenopausal women and adolescents
  • In our study, HA was found to be an independent risk factor for MS as previously reported by Coviello et al.
  • obesity and HA, and not insulin resistance, are the major determinants of chronic inflammation and risk of atherosclerosis in adolescents with PCOS
  • use of an inflammation marker may help identify high-risk females with PCOS
  • hyperandrogenemic PCOS phenotypes have greatest degree of hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Mar 15
     
    Elevated androgens are associated increasing insulin, insulin resistance, and inflammation (as measured by CRP).
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