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Esther M

Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures - 0 views

catholic-resources.org/AncientRome

ancient rome

shared by Esther M on 20 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures
  • Esther M on 20 Nov 12
     
    Things from Ancient Rome
Mia K

Interesting Facts About the Spanish Inquisition | Doug Lawrence's Catholic Weblog - 0 views

douglawrence.wordpress.com/...-about-the-spanish-inquisition

spanish inquisition

shared by Mia K on 29 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Mia K on 29 Apr 13
     
    This website is really good for straight to the point information about the spanish inquisition it basically summarizes up what we have been working on in class. 
cglosser c

Protestant Reformation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Protestant_Reformation

shared by cglosser c on 03 May 13 - Cached
  • rotes
  • The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century schism within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants.
  • The largest of the new churches were the Lutherans
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • This, as well as many other factors, such as spread of Renaissance ideas and inventions, such as the invention of the printing press, and the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire, contributed to the creation of Protestantism.[1][page needed][2][page needed]
  • It was sparked by the 1517 posting of Luther's Ninety-Five Theses.
  • The Reformation was precipitated by earlier events within Europe, such as the Black Death and the Western Schism, which eroded people's faith in the Catholic Church and the Papacy that governed it.
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
       
      Martin Luther had followers in the Reformation.
  • The Protestant Reformation was the schism within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other early Protestants
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
       
      The church faced big problems.
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
       
      This man's name was Martin Luther. He is an important figure in the Reformation.
  • Religious situation in Europe
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
       
      Peasants were involved in the Reformation as well.
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
       
      Martin Luther made a bible of his own.
  • george S on 05 May 13
     
    Informational text on the reformation 
  • cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
     
    This is a wikipedia article explaining the Reformation.
Garth Holman

Medieval Art and Art History - 0 views

www.arthistory.net/...medievalart1.html

art history middleage art

shared by Garth Holman on 13 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • The medieval period of art history spans from the fall of the Roman Empire in 300 AD to the beginning of the Renaissance in 1400 AD
  • he Catholic Church financed many projects, and the oldest examples of Christian art survive in the Roman catacombs, or burial crypts beneath the city.
  • Medieval artists decorated churches and works for public appreciation using classical themes. For example, Roman mosaics made of small stone cubes called tesserae offered Christian scenery.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Early Christian mosaics used muted colors like classical mosaics, but in the fourth century, mosaicists moved to brighter colors and patterns.
  • Romanesque architecture symbolized the growing wealth of European cities and the power of Church monasteries.
  • The Gothic style developed in the middle of the twelfth century and is named after the Goths who ruled France.
  • Human forms such as the Madonna and Baby Jesus evolve from large heads on small bodies in Early Christianity to abstract forms in the Romanesque era. In the Gothic era, the Madonna and Child are more naturalistic with tall, bony figures.
Garth Holman

Pope Benedict XVI To Resign at End of Month, Vatican Says | TIME.com - 0 views

world.time.com/...-says-pope-resigning-on-feb-28

Pope Conclave vatican

shared by Garth Holman on 11 Feb 13 - No Cached
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 11 Feb 13
       
      How does the election work? 
  • resign on Feb. 28 because he was simply too infirm to carry on — the first pontiff to do so in nearly 600 years.
  • conclave to elect a new pope
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • the leader of more than a billion Roman Catholics worldwide — requires “both strength of mind and body.”
  • in today’s world, subject to so many rapid changes and shaken by questions of deep relevance for the life of faith, in order to govern the barque of St. Peter and proclaim the Gospel, both strength of mind and body are necessary — strengths which in the last few months, has deteriorated in me to the extent that I have had to recognize my incapacity to adequately fulfill the ministry entrusted to me.
  • The last pope to resign was Pope Gregory XII, who stepped down in 1415
  • Vatican to hold a conclave to elect a new pope by mid-March,
  • All cardinals under age 80 are allowed to vote in the conclave, the secret meeting held in the Sistine Chapel where cardinals cast ballots to elect a new pope. As per tradition, the ballots are burned after each voting round; black smoke that snakes out of the chimney means no pope has been chosen, while white smoke means a pope has been elected.
Garth Holman

Martin Luther Biography - 0 views

www.uncommon-travel-germany.com/martin-luther-biography.html

Reformation Martinluther 95Thesis

shared by Garth Holman on 21 Apr 16 - No Cached
  • His parents were from peasant stock, but had high ambitions for their intelligent, eldest son
  • Bachelors and Masters degrees in Theology. He was in his first year of Law School in Erfurt when an incident occurred that would change the course of European history.
  • Two weeks later, Luther joined the Augustinian Order in Erfurt; his father was furious.
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • Many Christians of the late Middle Ages had a great fear of demons and devils, and were terrified of ending up in hell. Mortality rates were high and life was very uncertain due to disease, accidents, childbirth and wars. Luther shared those fears and his first years in the monastery he was tormented with the idea that all men were hopeless sinners in the sight of God and unworthy of salvation.
  • reason, he was sent to teach theology at the University of Erfurt, and in 1511, at the University of Wittenberg, where he received his Doctorate in Theology. In Wittenberg he was also the parish priest assigned to minister to the citizens of the town.
  • A major source of church funding during this period was the sale of indulgences. An indulgence was a "get out of purgatory card" that could be obtained for oneself or others by paying a certain sum to the church.
  • The Pope was selling offices and indulgences to get money for an ambitious building program which included the construction of St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome. The Pope's representative, the Dominican Father Tetzel, encouraged people to buy the indulgences with the jingle, "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings The soul from Purgatory springs"
  • telling them their loved ones were crying out to be released from suffering.
  • He was shocked by the lack of morality and piety of the local clergy and by the luxurious lifestyle of the Pope Leo X, a member of the Medici family. Pope Leo was known for his expensive tastes and was fond of hunting, gambling and carnivals. The papacy was at a low point in its history and others had been calling out for reform prior to Luther.
  • He came to the conclusion there was no evidence in the Bible for believing the Pope had power to release souls from Purgatory.
  • He wrote out a list of his objections to the practice; he named 95 issues he wished to dispute.
  • On October 31, 1517, Luther nailed his ninety-five theses, or points of discussion, on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg. The document was in Latin and invited other scholars to debate the statements set out.
  • The 95 Theses were translated into German and widely distributed throughout Germany, courtesy of the printing press.
  • There is no question, however, that Luther wrote the list and sent a copy of it to Prince Albert of Mainz.
  • The reaction of the Church initially was to try and suppress the attack on indulgences by suppressing Martin Luther.
  • The protest against the indulgences set off a conflagration which, step by step, resulted in most of Northern Europe breaking away from the authority of the Catholic Church.
  • It was clear by this time that there could be no coming together on these issues, since the very authority of the Pope was called into question.
  • The Church did act to curb the worst abuses of indulgences, but it was too late.
  • Luther was given safe conduct to attend the meeting and defend his positions. At the Diet of Worms, Luther was shown a table with a pile of his books and other writings. He was offered the opportunity to recant, but refused. Luther's reply was written down as he spoke it: "Unless I am convicted by Scripture and plain reason -- I do not accept the authority of popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other -- my conscience is captive to the word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Amen." The printed document released after the Diet of Worms also contained the famous words, "Here I stand, I can do no other."
  • but he was now considered an outlaw.
  • declaring Luther a heretic and ordering his death.
  • He spent nearly a year there, writing furiously and fighting depression and numerous physical ailments. It was in a small study in the castle in 1522 that he translated the New Testament from Greek into German and profoundly influenced the form and standardization of the German language.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 21 Apr 16
       
      Maybe one of the most important ideas.  He gave the people the bible in the local language, so more people could read what the bible said...not have someone tell them.  See this link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutenberg_Bible#Surviving_copies  
  • in Luther's absence numerous leaders had sprung up, each with his own interpretation of doctrine, and most having far more radical views than Luther.
  • Priests wore ordinary clothing and grew their hair, services were performed in German, monks and nuns were leaving the cloisters and getting married. Some groups were smashing images and statues in the churches and dragging priests away from the altars.
  • He convinced a couple of the more radical preachers to stop preaching or leave town.
  • twelve who had been smuggled out in herring barrels.
  • However, he impulsively announced he was marrying Katharina von Bora, to the great surprise of his friends.
  • Many were inspired by Martin Luther's challenge to the authority of the Church to challenge the secular powers as well.
  • Martin Luther wrote an appeal to the aristocrats to restore order by force.
  • Both sides were angry with Luther: the nobles blamed him for stirring up the people and the peasants blamed him for encouraging the nobles to use violence against them.
  • Luther wrote to and met with other leaders of the Reformation, such as Zwingli, to try and produce a unified statement of belief for the reformed church, but nothing came out of it because they were not able to agree on many of the doctrinal issues.
Shira H

Sacraments of the Catholic Church - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views

en.wikipedia.org/...raments_of_the_Catholic_Church

shared by Shira H on 17 Feb 12 - No Cached
    • Shira H
      Shira H on 17 Feb 12
       
      Great site for quest 5  1. The visible rites which the sacrament are celebrated signify and make presents the graces proper to each sacrament. 
Shira H

Effects of the Crusades - 0 views

www.middle-ages.org.uk/effects-of-crusades.htm

shared by Shira H on 16 Mar 12 - Cached
    • Shira H
      Shira H on 16 Mar 12
       
      Great site for quest 8. Has lots of information on the effects of the Crusades. 
  • Many of the nobles who set out on the expeditions never returned, and their estates, through failure of heirs, escheated to the Crown; while many more wasted their fortunes in meeting the expenses of their undertaking.
  • The role, wealth and power of the Catholic ChurchPolitical effects Effects of the Crusades on CommerceEffects of the Crusades on FeudalismSocial development Intellectual development Social Effects of the CrusadesEffects of the Crusades - Intellectual Development
Yuke Z

Magna Carta - 0 views

www.historylearningsite.co.uk/magna_carta.htm

magnacarta

shared by Yuke Z on 23 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • The first clauses concern the position of the Catholic Church in England. Those that follow state that John will be less harsh on the barons. Many of the clauses concern England's legal system.  Magna Carta promised laws that were good and fair. It states that everyone shall have access to courts and that costs and money should not be an issue if someone wanted to take a problem to the law courts.  It also states that no freeman will be imprisoned or punished without first going through the proper legal system. In future years the word "freeman" was replaced by "no one" to include everybody.  The last few sections deal with how the Magna Carta would be enforced in England. Twenty five barons were given the responsibility of making sure the king carried out what was stated in the Magna Carta - the document clearly states that they could use force if they felt it was necessary. To give the Magna Carta an impact, the royal seal of King John was put on it to show people that it had his royal support. This is the largest red seal at the bottom of the Magna Carta above. In detail it looked like this :
j slain

Roman Achievements & Inventions - Ancient Rome for Kids - 3 views

rome.mrdonn.org/achievements.html

AncientRome inventions

shared by j slain on 14 Nov 11 - Cached
  • lipstick and other cosmetics
  • Their advances in technology include the actual invention of concrete, roman roads, roman arches, and aqueducts.
  • invented the umbrella
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • Roman language (Latin),
  • The Catholic faith
  • Satire
  • use of rings to denote friendship
  • engagements
  • weddings
  • other holiday customs  
  • Socks
  • Many board and ball games
  • Roman language (Latin)
  • Roman language (Latin),
  • invented the umbrella
  • invented the umbrella
  • lipstick and other cosmetics
  • Many board and ball game
  • Socks
  • Many board and ball game
  • Socks
  • weddings
  • engagements
  • use of rings to denote friendship
  • Satire
  • Roman language (Latin),
  • lipstick and other cosmetics
  • invented the umbrella
  • nolan m on 14 Nov 11
     
    a good page to find enduring impacts for rome
Garth Holman

Thomas Becket - 0 views

www.historylearningsite.co.uk/thomas_becket.htm

becket Quest5 middleages

shared by Garth Holman on 21 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • In Medieval England the Church was all powerful.
  • The fear of going to Hell was very real and people were told that only the Catholic Church could save your soul so that you could go to Heaven.
  • in the church in Medieval England was the Archbishop of Canterbury and both he and the king usually worked together. 
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • No-one was surprised by Henry’s choice as both he and Thomas were very good friends. They enjoyed hunting, playing jokes and socialising together. Becket was known to be a lover of wine and a good horse rider. Henry II loved to ride as well but his personality was troubled by his fearsome temper. He tried to keep his temper under control by working very hard as it distracted him from things that might sparked off his temper.
  • For people in England , there was always the real problem - do you obey the king or the pope
  • excommunicating him
  • Henry II also controlled a lot of France at this time. William the Conqueror had been his great-grandfather and he had inherited his French territories as a result of this. When Henry was in France sorting out problems there, he left Becket in charge of England - such was his trust in him. Becket became Henry’s chancellor - the most important position in England after the king.
  • Henry saw the chance to give his close friend even more power by appointing him Archbishop of Canterbury - the most important church position in England.
  • Henry hoped that by appointing his good friend Becket, he might have more of a say in how the Church punished offenders. He hoped that Becket would do as he wished and toughen up the sentences passed out by Church courts.
  • The post of Archbishop changed Becket. He dropped his luxurious lifestyle; he ate bread and drank water, he had a luxury bed but preferred to sleep on the floor; he wore the rich clothes of an archbishop, but underneath the fine tunics he wore a horse hair shirt - very itchy and unpleasant to wear. He gave his expensive food to the poor.
  • Becket asked the pope to excommunicate the Archbishop of York who had taken sides with the king.
  • He is said to have shouted out "will no-one rid me of this troublesome priest ?" Four knights heard what Henry had shouted and took it to mean that the king wanted Becket dead. They rode to Canterbury to carry out the deed. The knights were Reginald FitzUrse, William de Tracey, Hugh de Morville and Richard le Breton. On December 29th 1170 they killed Becket in Canterbury Cathedral. After killing him, one of the knights said "Let us away. He will rise no more."
  • Becket’s body was still on the cathedral floor when people from Canterbury came in and tore off pieces of his clothes and then dipped these pieces in his blood. They believed that they would bring them luck and keep evil away.
  • Where Becket died quickly became a place of pilgrimage.
  • Henry II asked the pope for forgiveness and he walked bare foot to Canterbury to pray at the spot where Becket was killed. Monks whipped him while he prayed.
  • It took 21 carts to remove the valuables from Becket’s shrine at Canterbury Cathedral.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 21 Feb 14
       
      What does excommunicating him mean? 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 21 Feb 14
       
      Yes, why would he do this?  Why would he pick a friend to the second most powerful position in England? 
nshore n

An Introduction to the Protestant Reformation | The Protestant Reformation | Khan Academy - 1 views

www.khanacademy.org/...-to-the-protestant-reformation

Reformation Protestant Martin Luther Indulgences Church Purgatory Renaissance

shared by nshore n on 24 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • The sale of indulgences was a practice where the church acknowledged a donation or other charitable work with a piece of paper (an indulgence), that certified that your soul would enter heaven more quickly by reducing your time in purgatory.
  • Luther sparked the Reformation in 1517 by posting, at least according to tradition, his "95 Theses" on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany - these theses were a list of statements that expressed Luther's concerns about certain Church practices - largely the sale of indulgences, but they were based on Luther's deeper concerns with Church doctrine.
  • but none of these efforts successfully challenged Church practice until Martin Luther's actions in the early 1500s.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Pope Leo X had granted indulgences to raise money for the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. These indulgences were being sold by Johann Tetzel not far from Wittenberg, where Luther was Professor of Theology.
  • He concluded that no matter how "good" he tried to be, no matter how he tried to stay away from sin, he still found himself having sinful thoughts. He was fearful that no matter how many good works he did, he could never do enough to earn his place in heaven
  • The Reformation was a very violent period in Europe, even family members were often pitted against one another in the wars of religion. Each side, both Catholics and Protestants, were often absolutely certain that they were in the right and that the other side was doing the devil's work.
  • It is also during this period that the Scientific Revolution gained momentum and observation of the natural world replaced religious doctrine as the source of our understanding of the universe and our place in it.
  • nshore n on 24 Apr 14
     
    Very Good Understanding of the Reformation and Indulgences, without going into too much detail. 
cglosser c

The Inquisition | Jewish Virtual Library - 0 views

www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/...Inquisition.html

shared by cglosser c on 05 May 14 - No Cached
  • The Inquisition was a Roman Catholic tribunal for discovery and punishment of heresy, which was marked by the severity of questioning and punishment and lack of rights afforded to the accused.
  • While many people associate the Inquisition with Spain and Portugal, it was actually instituted by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) in Rome.
  • By 1255, the Inquisition was in full gear throughout Central and Western Europe; although it was never instituted in England or Scandinavia
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • In 1481 the Inquisition started in Spain and ultimately surpassed the medieval Inquisition, in both scope and intensity
  • cglosser c on 05 May 14
     
    This is a completely random website explaining some things of the Spanish Inquisition
Garth Holman

Dgh - Scientific Revolution - 0 views

dgh.wikispaces.com/Scientific+Revolution

science scientific revolution

shared by Garth Holman on 15 May 14 - No Cached
  • came up with the heliocentric universe theory
  • Polish astronomer and mathematician
  • was also a translator, artist, physician, and scholar.
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • invented the telescope using two lenses and a lead pipe.
  • realized that the solar system was heliocentric, and was promptly persecuted for it by the Church.
  • found that the milky way was not a light in the sky but a cloud made of many nebulas and stars
  • first person to create laws about inertia and gravity
  • first to discover sunspots and he also discovered many stars
  • study other sciences, like math, medicine, and poetry.
  • British mathematician and physician
  • invented calculus
  • three laws of motion, and the law of gravity
  • came up with the Binomial Theorem
  • His achievements helped other scientists like Einstein be able to discover the Theory of Relativity and Nuclear Fission.
  • After Rome fell, however, during the Middle Ages, people forgot all these things.
  • that led to the birth of modern science
  • for themselves instead of accepting how things were
  • Muslims in Asia and Africa, though, were able to preserve the ideas of these great Greek and Roman thinkers. They translated them and then added their own ideas to them--to learn more about muslim thinkers, see this link. As the Europeans came out of their Dark Age, they began to learn from the muslims when trade and conflict brought Europeans and Arabs together. As they read and learned, their own view of the world became more rational and expanded their view of the world.
  • Rome and Greece the idea of humanism was passed on to the Arabs. When the Europeans started to make contact with the Arabs, these ideas were brought back. Education, government, technology, and science made it possible for this time of major change, discovery and exploration. Many discoveries and inventions were made in this time period by great thinkers still impact the world today.
  • It sparked their curiosity, and started the Scientific Revolution.
  • began to explore the world around them.
  • Together, education, government, technology, and science created the perfect mix for the Scientific Revolution and exploration.
  • read and write by themselves and the printing press made books much cheaper and available to a wider audience. When the time came, the government provided money, supplies and education for explorers.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 06 May 15
       
      Self Paced:  Copy this question into your document and then answer it.  How did the Muslims aid the Renaissance and the scientific revolution?  
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 06 May 15
       
      Self Paced:  Explain the concept of the Perfect MIX?
    • bw_htian
      bw_htian on 19 May 15
       
      When people began to explore the world around them and learned to read and write by themselves. Education, government, technology, and science created the perfect mix for the Scientific Revolution.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 06 May 15
       
      Self Paced:  Explain the importance of at least 2 of these key figures of the Scientific Revolution?  Explain how the Catholic Church reacted to these ideas? 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 06 May 15
       
      Self Paced:  From the list of inventions, how could these inventions help in exploration? 
Aman B

History: Reformation for Kids - 2 views

www.ducksters.com/...renaissance_reformation.php

history reformation renaissance

shared by Aman B on 03 May 13 - No Cached
  • Renaissance Reformation History >> Renaissance for Kids The Reformation occurred during Renaissance times. It was a split in the Catholic Church where a new type of Christianity called Protestantism was born. More People Reading the Bible During the Middle Ages, few people other than monks and priests knew how to read and write. However, with the Renaissance, more and more people became educated and learned how to read. At the same time, the printing press was invented allowing for new ideas, as well as scriptures of the Bible, to be easily printed and distributed. People were able to read the Bible for themselves for the first time. Martin Luther
  • Renaissance
  • Aman B on 03 May 13
     
    A easy to understand site.
Garth Holman

Bishops in the Middle Ages | Middle Ages - 1 views

www.thefinertimes.com/...ishops-in-the-middle-ages.html

Quest3 Bishops Catholic Church Middleages

shared by Garth Holman on 16 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • The Bishops being a key figure of the society and being wealthy by virtue of his position in the clergy used to live either in a castle or a manor
  • Every king was supposed to have one Bishop in his court for consultation.
  • The rulings of the clergy affected everyone during the Middle Ages.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Bishops had become so powerful that it was mandatory for the king to take orders and consult the Bishop in everyday affairs over the state.
  • f you were born in one class of the society, you belonged to that class for your entire life with no chances of improving your status through hard work.
  • They were generally from a noble family or a wealthy family from some town.
  • He used to take tours around the country to many churches within the country. There was a seat reserved for the Bishop in every church in the country.
  • Listening to the plights of all the priests and clergymen below him; Levy taxes on the peasants; Settling of important issues such as annulment of marriage; Maintaining an army of his own to assist the king during war; Leading his army in the war was common in the Early Middle Ages for Bishops; Take care of the spiritual soundness of his diocese; Implement the code of the church in the diocese; Take care of the business of the church in their diocese and supervise the priests, nuns and monks in their activities.
  • Ryan C on 16 Jan 13
     
    tells about key ideas a being a bishop 
Garth Holman

The Middle Ages | Feudalism - 2 views

westernreservepublicmedia.org/...feud_clergy.htm

MiddleAGes Nuns Monks Priest

shared by Garth Holman on 30 Jan 13 - Cached
    • John Woodbridge
      John Woodbridge on 30 Jan 13
       
      This shows that there were more than one type of monk or nun.
  • Working hard did not change your status. Your clothing, food, marriage, homes, etc., were determined for you. After the rank of king, the hierarchy was the nobles, the knights, the clergy (religious people), the tradesmen and the peasants.
  • You were born into a class of people and generally stayed in that class for your entire life.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • profoundly affected by the rulings of the church.
  • One of the most unifying elements of the Middle Ages was the Roman Catholic Church.
  • In the Middle Ages, there was a definite structure in society.
  • Following the pope, in order of rank, there were bishops, priests, monks and nuns.
  • Bishops
  • Priests
  • Monks
  • were very holy and lived in a convent.
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