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leankid

Zulu Kingdom - Wikipedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Zulu_Kingdom

Vusi Mukanse

shared by leankid on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • The Zulu Kingdom (, Zulu: KwaZulu), sometimes referred to as the Zulu Empire or the Kingdom of Zululand, was a monarchy in Southern Africa. During the 1810s, Shaka established a modern standing army that consolidated rival clans and built a large following which ruled a wide expanse of Southern Africa that extended along the coast of the Indian Ocean from the Tugela River in the south to the Pongola River in the north. A bitter civil war in the mid-19th century erupted w
  • When Senzangakona died, Dingiswayo helped Shaka become king of the Zulu.
  • Shaka's clan at first numbered no more than a few thousands, but eventually grew in size to 40,000 after absorbing neighbouring clans. His military reforms included new battle techniques, training and tough discipline, as well as the replacement of long-throwing spears in exchange for the more effective short stabbing spears
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • Following the campaign against Dingane, in 1839 the Voortrekkers, under Pretorius, formed the Boer republic of Natalia, south of the Tugela, and west of the British settlement of Port Natal (now Durban). Mpande and Pretorius maintained peaceful relations. However, in 1842, war broke out between the British and the Boers, resulting in the British annexation of Natalia. Mphande shifted his allegiance to the British, and remained on good terms with them. In 1843, Mphande ordered a purge of perceived dissidents within his kingdom. This resulted in numerous deaths, and the fleeing of thousands of refugees into neighbouring areas (including the British-controlled Natal). Many of these refugees fled with cattle. Mpande began raiding the surrounding areas, culminating in the
  • Shaka was succeeded by Dingane, his half-brother, who conspired with Mhlangana, another half-brother, and Mbopa, an induna, to murder him in 1828. Following this assassination, Dingane murdered Mhlangana, and took over the thr
  • The Zulu deployment at Isandhlwana showed the well-organized tactical system that had made the Zulu kingdom successful for many decades. This constituted the worst defeat the British army had ever suffered at the hands of a native African fighting force. The defeat prompted a redirection of the war ef
  • Cetshwayo was captured a month after his defeat, and then exiled to Cape Town. The British passed rule of the Zulu kingdom onto 13 "kinglets", each with his own subkingdom. Conflict soon erupted between these subkingdoms, and in 1882, Cetshwayo was allowed to visit England. He had audiences with Queen Victoria and other famous personages before being allowed to return to Zululand to be reinstated as king
  • In 1883, Cetshwayo was put in place as king over a buffer reserve territory, much reduced from his original kingdom.
  • Dinuzulu's son Solomon kaDinuzulu was never recognised by South African authorities as the Zulu king, only as a local chief, but he was increasingly regarded as king by chiefs, by political intellectuals such as John Langalibalele Dube and by ordinary Zulu people. In 1923, Solomon founded the organisation Inkatha YaKwaZulu to promote his royal claims, which became moribund and then was revived in the 1970s by Mangosuthu Buthelezi, chief minister of the KwaZulu bantustan. In December 1951, Solomon's son Cyprian Bhekuzulu kaSolomon was officially recognised as the Paramount Chief of the Zulu people, but real power over ordinary Zulu people lay with South African go
nkosithand

Paraphrasing Tool - QuillBot AI - 1 views

quillbot.com

American explorers of Africa were the who explored Africa. They that in there is an existence a race pygmies. One gorillas and killed them. Du Chaillu broke much fresh ground unknown hinterland between equator Congo .He also Ogowe river . existance Africa

shared by nkosithand on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • ujhistprof on 02 Jun 23
     
    You do know that this is a tool used by students plagiarising.
nhlangotisn

Presbyterians and politics in Malawi A century of interaction TAF.pdf - 1 views

Simphiwe Nhlangoti

shared by nhlangotisn on 27 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Lenten Pastoral letter from the Catholic bishops of Malawi was read in all Catholic churches in the country.
    • nhlangotisn
      nhlangotisn on 27 Apr 23
       
      the role of a Lenten Pastoral letter read in all Catholic churches in Malawi in 1992. The letter, while couched in respectful language, was a strong condemnation of the political situation in Malawi and eventually led to the downfall of Dr H. Kamuzu Banda, who had ruled the country as a one-party state for most of his 30 years in power. The surprise of this process was due in part to the rarity of open criticism of Banda's regime in the 1970s and 1980s and the historical reluctance of the Catholic Church to speak out against injustice and oppression, particularly during the colonial period. However, a careful study of the almost exactly 100 years between Sir Harry Johnston's declaration of a British Protectorate over Malawi in 1891 and the Bishops' letter in 1992 reveals a long tradition of missionary and local Christian opposition to policies they regarded as unjust. Scottish missionaries from the Livingstonia and Blantyre missions were particularly vocal in their criticism of the government during the colonial period.
  • Yet it was not long after the declaration of a British Protectorate that Sir Harry Johnston, the first Consul-General, was writing to Cecil Rhodes, complaining that it was partly as a result of the complaints of the Scottish missionaries at Blantyre (and particularly David Clement Scott, at that time the leader of the Blantyre Mission) that the British government had been persuaded to make Malawi a British Protectorate, under the direct control of the Foreign Office, rather than allowing it to be placed under the control of the British South Africa Company, as both Rhodes and Johnston would have preferred.
    • nhlangotisn
      nhlangotisn on 27 Apr 23
       
      In this passage, the author describes the role of Scottish missionaries in the early days of British rule in Malawi. The author notes that while the Scottish missionaries were initially responsible for persuading the British government to make Malawi a British Protectorate, they later became some of the most vocal critics of British rule. One of the main issues the missionaries raised concerned relations between the indigenous population and the small but growing number of European settlers. David Clement Scott, the leader of the Blantyre mission, was a particularly outspoken critic of the government, and much of his campaign was conducted through the pages of the Blantyre mission journal Life and Work in British Central Africa. The missionaries were successful in pressuring the government to reduce the hut tax, but less successful in their attempts to eliminate or limit the practice of Thangata (forced labour), which was one of the contributory factors to the Chilembwe Rising of 1915. The author also notes the importance of Joseph Booth, an independent missionary who was one of the few genuinely anti-colonial British missionaries of the period, and who influenced several African religious leaders in Malawi, including John Chilembwe, who eventually led an armed uprising against the British in 1915. The Scottish missionaries of the Free Church of Scotland were also involved in political action from time to time, including a case in 1899 where they saw themselves as protectors of the northern Ngoni people, who were threatened by a white cattle trader named Ziehl.
  • ritish state had reasserted itself. Several missionaries served in the British army during the war, and one outstanding Blantyre missionary, Robert Napier, was killed in action. In addition, and in some cases with great unpopularity, Scottish missionaries encouraged chiefs to submit to government demands that they supply carriers for the war effort in East Africa.
    • nhlangotisn
      nhlangotisn on 27 Apr 23
       
      During World War I, Scottish missionaries in Malawi supported the British army and encouraged chiefs to supply carriers. The Rev. John Chilembwe led an uprising against the British in 1915, which was quickly crushed. Scottish missionaries were criticized for allowing their African converts too much authority and independence. The Commission of Enquiry also criticized government policies, including the system of labor certificates. One memorable exchange was over whether Africans wearing hats should have to doff them for Europeans in the street.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • together to form the Nyasaland African Congress, the first president was Levi Mumba, a product of the Livingstonia mission’s educational system. While it is true, as John McCracken points out, 21 that by 1940 Presbyterianism had already lost its numerical superiority in both the ecclesiastical and educational fields to the Roman Catholic Church, this did not work its way through the system in terms of leadership for another generation.
    • nhlangotisn
      nhlangotisn on 27 Apr 23
       
      The paragraph discusses the European attitudes towards the social and political advancement of the local Malawian population, specifically in relation to the Scottish missionaries who had a gradualist understanding of the need for African advancement. The North Nyasa Native Association, the first Native Association in Malawi, was formed in 1912 and met in the reading room of the Livingstonia mission with the encouragement of the local missionary. This development highlighted the interaction between the church and the government, as African converts were beginning to make their voices heard in the social and political arena. For most of the first half of the 20th century, the local African population had no direct representation in government, and the appointment of missionaries to represent African interests in the Legislative Council was the nearest that Malawians came to this. This was seen as a two-edged sword, as it could be perceived as the missionaries aligning themselves with the colonizers, but it also consolidated the impression that the missionaries were constantly taking the side of the Africans. The emergence of the Native Associations from 1912 onwards provided a platform for political debate and a training ground for future political leaders. These movements represented the organization and opinions of a new educated elite, and since the Scottish missions (both Blantyre and Livingstonia) were pre-eminent in the provision of education up until the beginning of the Second World War, the Native Associations tended to be dominated by the products of a Scottish mission education. Many of the most active protonationalists were also critical of the theology and ecclesiology of the church itself and eventually broke away to form their own independent churches. In 1944, the various Native Associations came together to form the Nyasaland African Congress, and the first president was Levi Mumba, a product of the Livingstonia mission's educational system. Despite
  • The General Assembly, recognizing that the time has come for a radical revision of the Territorial Constitution of Nyasaland, earnestly recommend to Her Majesty’s Government that effective power be given to the African community in this land. 30
    • nhlangotisn
      nhlangotisn on 27 Apr 23
       
      The imposition of the Federation of Rhodesias and Nyasaland in 1953 was highly unpopular among local populations in Zambia and Malawi. The local opposition to Federation was seen as a back door to entrenched European political domination. The Scottish missionaries and local Christians were involved in incidents such as the Constitutional Amendment Act and the Federal Electoral Act in 1958, which increased the overall size of the Federal Legislative Council but held African representation steady at a total of four members for all three countries of the Federation. The Church of Central Africa, Presbyterian produced a lengthy statement on the growing unrest in the country and identified the causes of the growing political unrest in Malawi. The political importance of the statement was in the appeal it made in its last section to the Church of Scotland to consider their political responsibilities towards the people of Central Africa. The Church of Scotland waged a high-profile and effective campaign against the Central African Federation. By the late 1950s, the local CCAP had obtained its own independence, allowing local Malawian ecclesiastical leadership to cooperate with Scottish missionary influence
  • The second point is that the events which followed the Pastoral Letter were greatly facilitated by the support of international partner churches in several other parts of the world. Indeed, the importance of external forces in producing the Pastoral Letter itself should not be underestimated. This point has subsequently been emphasized by Archbishop Chiona and Mgr John Roche, both of whom were key players in the production of the Pastoral Letter. 40 Once the letter had been released, international support was also crucial on the non-Catholic side. This included support not only from single denominations like the Church of Scotland, but also from international groupings such as the World Alliance of Reformed Churches, whose intervention helped to give the churches new impetus and the CCAP in particular new courage in the weeks immediately after the Pastoral Letter. 41
    • nhlangotisn
      nhlangotisn on 27 Apr 23
       
      This paragraph discusses the dynamics and the role of the Church of Scotland in Malawi's independence, and the subsequent rise to power of Hastings Kamuzu Banda, who became increasingly authoritarian, banning all other political parties and making himself Life President of the Republic of Malawi. The Church of Scotland supported the break-up of the federation and the granting of Malawian independence, and several members of the first cabinet had been educated at Scottish mission schools. However, during the postcolonial era, the Church of Scotland was reluctant to criticize a head of state who claimed to be one of its own, and there was a reluctance to appear to be interfering in a newly independent state. The crisis that emerged shortly after Malawi's independence became a struggle between two different understandings of how the country should be run, and Banda used his position to force through his will, resulting in the resignation or dismissal of several members of his cabinet who had been educated by the Scots. Banda's increasing authoritarianism and the changing power base of the Malawi Congress Party meant that open criticism of his government became increasingly difficult in the 1970s and 1980s. Although there were a few brave voices raised from time to time, the institutional silence of the Presbyterian Church, to which several of these voices belonged, was almost complete. The CCAP as an institution (and all the other major churches in Malawi) failed to challenge the Banda government in the 1970s and 1980s.
selinah003

Two African Explorers: I--David Livingstone.pdf - 2 views

Relebohile Lepolisa

shared by selinah003 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • TWO AFRICAN EXPLORERS I DAVID LIVINGSTONE
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      I will focus on David Livingstone's third Expedition ( journey) which can be found at the near end of the document.
  • THE THIRD JOUR
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      The last expedition of Dr David Livingstone starting from 1866 ending at 1873 with his death in a village of Chitambo.
  • Zambez
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      The longest East- flowing river in Africa and the largest following into the Indian ocean from Africa.
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • By April he was at Mikindani ready to start on his third and last African journey,
  • menagerie
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      A collection of wild animals kept in captivity for exhibition.
  • which terminated in his death in May, I87
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      From my understanding of the statement, David Livingstone it was during his third expedition that he may have contracted the flesh eating ulcers under his feet which enabled him from walking and may have led to his death in 1873.
  • Bomba
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      present- day Mumbai.
  • Bomba
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      present- day Mumbai
  • Livingstone's lack of discipline and the general " go as you please" nature of his last expedition shows that his former power of handling Natives had deserted him with his rapidly failing health. He was a sick man, unable to cope with the strenuous demands of travelling in equatorial Afnca under the conditions then prevailing. From here onwards his progress was slow and tedious, and space allows a summary only of the particulars of his route.
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      due to the illness that he has contracted and some of the geographical difficulties that they encountered in their quest in central Africa, David Livingstone along with many of his missionary members ended up losing motivation and patience to continue the journey, thus, many of his missionary members concluded with forsaking David Livingstone, to that they ended up lying that David Livingstone had been killed by the Zulus.
  • tsets
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      these are large , biting fleas that inhabit much of tropical Africa and include all the species included in the Genus Glossina.
  • the particulars of his route. Nyas
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      lake Nyasa present-day lake Malawi is in Tanzania and Lagos Niassa in Mozambique.
  • and journeying rapidly back to the Coast informed the acting Consul General at Zanzibar that he had been murdered by Zulus, and that they had barely escaped with their lives
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      the comoro boys used propaganda in order to protect themselves, thus leading to the spread of lies that eventually was proven false thus, sending Stanley to search for Dr David Livingsrone who by this time was already getting weaker as each day passed by never lost hope of finding the source of the Nile thus, resulting to him making assumptions that he may have seen the upper Nile source.
  • plodding
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      moving slow.
  • which he finally sighted on April ISt, and here temporarily broke down, being too ill with fever to move, falling down in fits of insensibility and sometimes suffering from temporary paralysis of the limbs,
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Could be said to be start of the ending of his life as an Africa explorer due to the illness. which forced him to quarantine for 80 days as a result the last 20 days led to his death in 1873 the 1st of may.
  • Tanganyika
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Tanganyika is is African great lake located in central Africa on the borders of Tanzania, Congo, Zambia and Burundi.
  • Ujiji,
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      historic town located in Kigoma- Ujiji District of Kigoma Region in Tanzania.
  • It was at this juncture, almost sick unto death and in deepest depression, that Stanley reached him in October, I87I.
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      where the famous quote was derived from: Dr David Livingstone, I presume? written by David Livingstone.
  • L;vingstone was mad with the idea of finding the Nile sources and obsessed with the idea that the Lualaba, which he had first reached in January, 867, must be the Upper Nil
    • selinah003
      selinah003 on 26 Apr 23
       
      it was during this time when David Livingstone dedicated all his time into writing all about his observations and thoughts about central Africa or rather Africa as a whole, thus leading to his assumption that he may have encountered the upper Nile with which he is referring to the lake he had observed.
nkosithand

Black Explorers of Africa Pioneers in Pan-African Identity on JSTOR - 0 views

www.jstor.org/...44175159

American explorers of Africa were the who explored Africa. They that in there is an existence a race pygmies. One gorillas and killed them. Du Chaillu broke much fresh ground unknown hinterland between equator Congo .He also Ogowe river . existance

shared by nkosithand on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • nkosithand on 25 Apr 23
     
    There are five slaves that were taken from their countries to other countries. One of the slaves went to school and became a teacher. When he was done with school he went back to his country to become a teacher and he published many books, he is considered as a first black explore of books in Africa. One of the slave was a first black explorer who explored route, he explored that there are routes that are used when travelling, when he was transported as a slave.
amahlemotumi

Firearms in South Central Africa.pdf - 7 views

Amahle Motumi 220069900 History 2A

shared by amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • They originated in unions between Khoikhoi and white hunters, traders and farmers, and probably never existed without firearms; from an early date they also acquired horses.
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      the Khoi-khoi white had access to guns and horses from an early period.
  • Khoikhoi peoples, whose economic basis and political structure had been broken by various aspects of white settlement amongst them, were being armed by the whites to take part in commando expeditions against the San
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      the Khoi military unit was trained for hit and run raids into the Sans territory.
  • Great Tre
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      movement of Dutch speaking colonists up into the interior of Southern Africa in search of land where they establish their own homeland, independent of British rule.
  • ...31 more annotations...
  • They were also long distance hunters and traders, for ivory and cattle in exchange for guns among other goods
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      Griqua people traded ivory and other goods for guns.
  • In the i820s and I830s the Griqua and other Khoikhoi groups extended their operations over much of the highveld, giving the Ndebele their first whiff of gunpowd
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      the griqua attacked the ndebele exposing them to the new weapon which is the gun.
  • Many Tswana chiefs appreciated the significance of firearms, as did Mzilikazi: firearms were military weapons which upset (or were rumoured to upset) balances of power, making the possessing group superior to its neighbours and equal to the Griqua and the whites; economically, firearms were efficient means of hunting, which for the Tswana was a necessity until well into the twentieth centur
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      guns were much appreciated because owning them meant that specific group was superior to another group that did not own any. Power lied with gun possessor.
  • e the migration of the Boers on to the highveld at the end of the I830s. Although the Afrikaner settlements formally forbade the trade of firearms to Afric
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      the ownership of guns by blacks was prohibited
  • Boe
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      Afrikaans name used to refer to the British people.
  • embargo
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      ban on trade
  • Africans had to have a magistrate's permit to buy guns, but such was the demand for labour on the diamond diggings and in railway construction that these permits were either readily granted or were ignored by traders
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      if Africans wanted to own a gun they had to obtain a legal permit from magistrate claiming that they needed the gun for work purposes in the mines or construction of railways.
  • The great increase in the number of firearms on the highveld and in Tswana country from the middle years of the nineteenth century probably aggravated the political instability of the are
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      the increase of gun ownership in the area led to an unstable government and its structures.
  • agents provocateurs
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      person who induces others to be violent or commit an illegal act in order to incriminate or discredit a cause
  • Tswana chiefs and Boer leaders jockeyed for position amongst themselv
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      battle for position of higher power between the two.
  • veld-cornet
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      local government or military officer.
  • e LMS
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      London Missionary Society.
  • vociferou
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      loud and forceful.
  • Anglo-Boer wa
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      war between the British Empire and two Boer republics over the Empires influence in Southern Africa.
  • The Langeberg Rebellio
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      revolts against British land annexations in the Griqualand west area
  • armed with guns were also mounted, but not to the same extent as the Sotho. It seems that firearms were most successful when used in defenc
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      for some like the Sotho, firearms only benefited them in defense.
  • Africans would come to work on the diggings, and upon the railways which were being built from the Cape ports to the interior, only for cash with which to buy guns and ammunitio
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      Africans started working in the mines and constructions site of railways for money so they could trade it for guns.
  • y this time Africans were well aware of the technicalities of firearms, and (for example) in both the I878 Xhosa-Cape war and the Sotho Gun War white officers complained that Africans had better rifles than the colonial force
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      by the late 19th century the Africans had obtained better models of guns that surpassed the colonial officers guns.
  • nservatism' of the Ndebele, guns were not generally issued to the impi. Despite this, guns were obviously thought to be an important weapon by the Ndebele, if only because their neighbours were becoming armed and more able to withstand the raids of the impi
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      guns played a pivotal role in the wars that broke out because the Ndebele's could now withstand the war and use firearms just like their enemies.
  • Bechuanaland Protectorate proclamation of i892.32
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      protectorate that safe guards against further expansion by Germany , Portugal or Boers
  • swana's claim that guns were 'vital to their customary economic activity of huntin
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      guns became a big part of the way Tswanas hunted to secure a good economy.
  • An eyewitness account of the early nineteenth century Rozvi court relates that the Mambo had 'several guns' and four somewhat rusty cannons.43 Many of the guns traded from the Portuguese were muzzle-loaders known by the Shona as 'migigw
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      the Shona people were introduced to firearms early in the 1800s so they were familiar with them.
  • The Ndebele acquired firearms at a much later stage of their history than did the Shon
  • heir neighbours (Kalanga, Lozi) were putting guns to good economic use in the mid-nineteenth century. The ivory trade (and also the trade in cattle) in the Tswana and trans-Limpopo country was especially advantageous to the Ngwato capital, Shoshong, 'the largest, most prosperous and hence best armed town in the interi
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      ownership of firearms led to good economy and security in the kingdoms.
  • he variety of guns was truly impressive. While muzzle-loaders dominated the Shona collection, the Ndebele possessed mainly breech-loading rifles, mostly Martini-Henry rifles.53 Other rifles found among the Ndebele included Sniders, Enfields, and those manufactured by Reilly, Rigby and Gibbs of Brist
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      the Africans had access to different varieties of guns.
  • gun society
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      involves the three ways in which the Shona sourced out their guns.
  • They were also able to manufacture gunpowder from local materials, and for ammunition they used almost any missile that the particular
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      in late 1800's the Africans had grown familiar with the weapons and had started producing gun powder to fire the weapons.
  • At the first battle there is evidence that the carrying of heavy firearms hampered the Ndebele in their night attack and there is a suggestion that premature firing gave away their position to the white forces
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      the heavy weapons hindered the attacks planned silent of the Ndebele .
  • The use of firearms by the Ndebele in the Matopos was probably an important factor in inducing Rhodes to come to terms with them, terms which were not altogether unfavourable, certainly when seen in the light of settler demands, and of the treatment that was meted out to the Sho
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      they were able to use the guns to their advantage by making certain tribes give in to what they want
  • le, firearms were most effective when used by societies that had little or no formal military s
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      less structured military forces stood a better chance at winning a war because of the not uniformed dispersal they took on at the battle field.
  • frican people who did not fit in with this stereotype were not only considered to be lacking in military virtues and competency, but also to be greatly inferior in social and cultural attainmen
    • amahlemotumi
      amahlemotumi on 22 Apr 23
       
      if a particular kingdom or chiefdom did not own guns, they were seen as inferior and not possessing any power.
aneziwemkhungo

THE RISE OF A ZULU EMPIRE.pdf - 2 views

Aneziwe Mkhungo

shared by aneziwemkhungo on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Shaka then raised the stick in his hand and after striking with it right and left and springing out from amidst the chiefs, the whole mass broke from thei
  • W h e n S h a k a d e f e a t e d h i s m a j o r r i v a l , t h e N d w a n d w e c h i e f Z w i d e , s o m e o f t h e v a n q u i s h e d N d w a n d w e s fl e d t o t h e n o r t h a n d w e s t . O n e o f t h e s e t r i b e s e s t a b l i s h e d i t s r u l e i n w h a t i s n o w M o z a m b i q u e a n d e x t o r t e d t r i b u t e f r o m t h e P o r t u g u e s e t r a d i n g s t a t i o n s o n t h e Z a m b e z i R i v e r
  • As the tribes moved, they often split. A chief had several wives of varying status, and he placed important ones in different parts of his territory and at­ tached followers to them
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Dingiswayo promptly killed his brother and seized the Mtetwa chief­ tainship
  • ɍ ɍɍɍɍUɍɍ$ñɍ ª ɍ5ɍ ɍ ɍɍ ɍ- ɍ ɍ ÇɍnRɍ ɍ - ɍ‰ɍÅɍ 4t"=ɍ 70 Dǁ4ɍ ɍɍɍɍ`ɍɍ `
  • 5ɍ  ɍ ɍ -Fɍ ɍ x,
  • According to stories told some 16 years later to the English traders who visited Shaka, Dingiswayo declared that the constant fighting among the tribes was against the wish of the Creator, and that he intended to conquer them all
  • _'ɍ BVɍ 3 Đɍ ɍ 5Öɍ YBRɍ/5ɍ ɍ$ɍ$çɍ ɍɍc -Í
  • 3ÇEɍ 5ɍ DŽɍ B–ɍ ɍJɍ $ī0  =ɍ -5Úę- ɍ PVɍ Œɍ ȱɍÐĊɍ  ɍɍ$$-ɍɍɅ ƍt.ɍ ɍ ɍ Pɍ ɍ ɍ ”` =ɍ ɍ (ɍ @XȻɍ ɍ Ê÷ɍ ɍ ɍ $ ɍ ǭ ɍ ɍ Fɍ ɍ ɍ ɍ RɍɍȵD-ɍ ɍ –Dȥ4ɍ XPɍ sɍ
  • Shaka himself had had no children. He said that a son would kill him for the throne.
  • He forbade his men to marry or have sexual relations with women until he gave them permission to do so in middle age, and he quartered all his men in great barracks, as in any modern army.
  • Shaka became a conqueror because he was born into a system where changes in the ratio of population to land, and perhaps increased trade with Europeans through intermediary lands, were pro­ ducing a drive toward the emergence of an overlord of the region.
  • aneziwemkhungo on 26 Apr 23
     
    The Zulu empire rose in the 19th century under the leadership of its founder shaka. This article highlights how he introduced new military tactics, including the use of short stabbing spears and large cowhide shields, and created a strict military discipline within his army. Even after Shaka's death, the Zulu empire continued to flourish under the rule of Cetshwayo kaMpande in 1879, but the Boers eventually defeated the Zulu army in the Ulundi battle resulting in a British invasion in 1879. Even though the empire was turned into a Natal colony but the Zulu culture continued to survive.
wendymoyo

WO 32/7763: Overseas: South Africa (Code 0(AU)): Zulu War: Report from Lord Chelmsford ... - 7 views

go.gale.com/...retrieve.do

Wendy Moyo

shared by wendymoyo on 20 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Report from Lord Chelmsford on Battle at Ulundi
    • wendymoyo
      wendymoyo on 20 Apr 23
       
      The battle of Ulundi took place at the Zulu capital of Ulundi, which was the last major battle of the Angio-Zulu War. The British army broke the military power of the Zulu nation by defeating the main Zulu army and immediately afterwards capturing and burning the royal kraal of oNdini
  • ujhistprof on 20 Apr 23
     
    don't forget to annotate
nzulu313

Imperial Strategy and the Anglo-Zulu Warsof 1879 - 2 views

www.jstor.org/24453317

NoluthandoZulu 217006005

shared by nzulu313 on 23 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • nzulu313 on 23 Apr 23
     
    By forming a federation of British colonies and Boer Republic in 1877, Lord Carnarvon, Secretary of State for the colonies, hoped to increase British imperial authority in South Africa. To carry out his strategy, he selected Sir Bartle Frere as British High Representative. Frere was required by Carnarvon's doctrine to take over Zululand, a warrior kingdom that bordered Natal and the Transvaal. Frere's requests for federation and the dissolution o the Zulu Army were rejected by King Cetshwayo since doing so would have meant losing his hold on power When a force under Lieutenant General Lord Chelmsford invaded Zululand in January 1879 to impose British demands, war broke out. The majority of Zulus only carried shields and spear into war. They were still strong opponents, though. They had remarkable maneuverability, were brave in the face of danger and were skilled in hand to hand fighting. The majority of the war's battled depended on British firepower to keep the Zulus at bay.
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