English 102 - Spring 2009

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This article discusses what is critical thinking and tells about how there is no set definition. There are also many people who have tried to develop ways in which to measure ones critical thinking abilities. One such case was a study where they examine students' exams from a college class about Sociology of Marriage and Family and they discussed the results and findings from this study. This article is noteworthy due to its analysis of critical thinking and its interesting study.

This article discusses the great impact that self-concepts have on students' grades and performance, mainly in English and mathematics. These authors found different results than have previously been found in tests; they found that "there were significant positive paths from math self-concepts to subsequent math outcomes but not to subsequent English outcomes." Also, they found that girls had higher English and math grades but lower math self-concepts then boys, these results differ from previous test which claimed that the gender difference was diminishing. These results were interesting due to their difference in regards to other tests conducted.

This article discusses the thinking processes in college and university students. Donald goes through different disciplines and discusses the thinking process that is behind each one. Also, a working model was created to discuss the thinking processes. This article provided some very interesting information and would be helpful when doing field research.

This article focuses on three main points: "what is mathematical thinking, what does it have to do with mathematical content, and can it be taught." Mathematical thinking according to this article is a series of operations that do not necessarily apply just to math, like the scientific method. There are four processes in mathematical thinking which are: specializing, conjecturing, generalizing, and convincing

In this article the authors talk about how students need an engaging work environment to work to their greatest ability, especially in the field of mathematics. It is often difficult to establish high-level tasks for students because these tasks often cause more uncertainty and stress for students since there is more risk involved. Also, provided in the article is a conceptual framework that is a framework for mathematical tasks. The purpose of this study was to show how classroom factors influenced student's engagement of mathematical tasks.

Math anxiety is the main focus in this article. The authors discuss a case study done on students from Taiwan, China, and the United States. A very interesting point that was discussed was how gender affected the results found. This article would be interesting to evaluate in regards to how math anxiety affected other subjects of study and if gender had affects in different subjects.

In this article the authors examine different self-concepts of 3000 students in England between the ages of 13 and 14 years. The subjects tested were English, science, and mathematics. The results were found to be similar to other test that had been done before. An interesting finding was that boys had significantly higher self-concept scores than girls, except for in English.

In this article the authors go over several studies that they conducted dealing with giving young children different materials to play with and having them observe different activities. The authors examined the results that they found and concluded how the children would react or how they were more inclined to act based on how they thought. This is interesting based on the different way the children acted and if this has anything to do with what subjects they would be better at.

Radford discusses in his article algebraic thinking and how students use signs with meanings in algebraic generalization of problems and also students' developing algebraic thinking. The author also examines different signs and their meanings then further discusses how these meanings affect students and their developing algebraic thinking. He also goes over different classroom discussions that took place regarding algebraic thinking. This article has many important points about the development of mathematical thinking but would not be excessively useful to analyze subject based thinking.

In this article Flower discusses the different processes that go into thinking and into writing. Also, she goes over the writing processes and the difference between writing to oneself or for different readers. There is also a case study that talks about a transformation. Flower makes several interesting points within the article that would be helpful in the comparison of mathematical and English thinking

This study can be beneficial to my research. One of the purposes of this study was to examine the preferences of college students when given crackers with 2 different kinds of cream cheese, being high-fat and low-fat, spread on it. The results were not shocking, as students favored the taste of the high-fat cream cheese over the low-fat cream cheese. I could use these findings to support my research in that taste plays an important factor in food selection.

I found this study to be extremely valuable to my research. This study examined the effects of high or low stress levels on men and women in their choice of healthy or unhealthy snacking. Results showed that stress levels do, in fact, effect human decision of food choice. Stressful men chose healthier snacks than when they were not stressed, but conversely, stressful women chose unhealthier snacks than when they were not stressed. This factor is extremely beneficial to my research as it may provide an explanation as to why humans make the food choices they do.

Morland's research was conducted over a 6 month span in 2003. Telephone surveys were used to call random telephone numbers in the phonebook in the states of North Carolina and Mississippi. These telephone surveys asked the recipients for their address, gender, height and body weight. The height and body weight was used to calculate for obesity. This study is especially useful to my research because it analyzes the addresses of the survey recipients and compares them to the concentration of fast food restaurants in that area. The important information I could use is that the more concentrated the fast food restaurants were, the more obesity was found within that area.