Group items tagged

This journal examines the use of alcohol and drug use among college students. They also take into account excessive use of alcohol and why students drink due to social interactions. They also examine race and its factor of alcohol and marijuana use. Alcohol use is among the highest among Whites followed by Hispanics and than Blacks. They also examine the effects of alcohol and its negative effects on college students. This journal also takes into account gender and economic standing. This journal provides some interesting insight on alcohol and drug use and abuse. With this in mind there is a better understanding of why college students use alcohol excessively. Also there are some good statistics with information on alcohol and drug use among students with respect to race and gender. This article affirms some legitimate information supporting alcohol use among college students. This journal also has some prestigious Universities with different statistical information that gives me broader information on use and abuse of drugs.

This article takes into account 1123 high school students and access their use and abuse of alcohol and marijuana. They take into account the accessibility of drugs among students. Race does play a role showing higher accessibility and use among Hispanic students compared to white students. Many drugs are used and obtained on campus' and many students are unaware of this issue. This article gives me more insight on alcohol and drug use. This helps me obtain more broad information of policies and usage of drugs among high school and college students. This article with present information of the attitudes and frequency of drug and alcohol use among students. With this information I have much better insight on the ways and uses of college students during school.

In this prospective study home literacy is considered a multifaceted phenomenon consisting of a frequency or exposure facet (opportunity), an instruction quality facet, a parent-child cooperation facet, and a social-emotional quality facet. In a multiethnic, partly bilingual sample of 89 families with 4-year-old children, living in inner-city areas in the Netherlands, measures of home literacy were taken by means of interviews with the parents and observations of parent-child book reading interactions when the target children were ages 4, 5, and 6 years. At age 7, by the end of Grade 1, after nearly 1 year of formal reading instruction, vocabulary, word decoding, and reading comprehension were assessed using standard tests. Vocabulary at age 4 and an index of the predominant language used at home were also measured in order to be used as covariates. Correlational and multiple regression analyses supported the hypothesis that home literacy is multifaceted. Home literacy facets together predicted more variance in language and achievement measures at age 7 than each of them separately. Structural equations analysis also supported two additional hypotheses of the present research. First, the effects of background factors (SES, ethnicity, parents' own literacy practices) on language development and reading achievement in school were fully mediated by home literacy, home language, and early vocabulary. Second, even after controlling for the effects of early vocabulary and predominant home language, there remained statistically significant effects of home literacy, in particular, opportunity, instruction quality, and cooperation quality. (Abstract taken from JSTOR.)

Health literacy is basic reading and numerical skills that allow a person to function in the health care environment. Even though most adults read at an eighth-grade level, and 20 percent of the population reads at or below a fifth-grade level, most health care materials are written at a 10th-grade level. Older patients are particularly affected because their reading and comprehension abilities are influenced by their cognition and their vision and hearing status. Inadequate health literacy can result in difficulty accessing health care, following instructions from a physician, and taking medication properly. Patients with inadequate health literacy are more likely to be hospitalized than patients with adequate skills. Patients understand medical information better when spoken to slowly, simple words are used, and a restricted amount of information is presented. For optimal comprehension and compliance, patient education material should be written at a sixth-grade or lower reading level, preferably including pictures and illustrations. All patients prefer reading medical information written in clear and concise language. Physicians should be alert to this problem because most patients are unwilling to admit that they have literacy problems. (Am Fam Physician 2005;72:463-8. Copyright© 2005 American Academy of Family Physicians.)

This article gives insight on the association of marijuana and tobacco use. This is a major connection between these two because of the social similarities. They talk about the risks associated with smoking tobacco and marijuana and how with alcohol use these risks increase. With marijuana use on the rise many health related problems associated with cigarettes and alcohol are increasing. With statistical data taken this alcohol and tobacco problems are increasing yearly. This article give me some important insight on the relation of tobacco and marijuana use. There are many relations with alcohol consumption and tobacco use but marijuana and tobacco use are also very closely related. Tobacco use among Whites in regards to race is much higher than it is with Blacks and Hispanics. This is some important statistical information closely related to my topic. Tobacco and marijuana use are closely related.

This article measures the use of alcohol marijuana and cocaine among college students. This article talks about excess uses of these drugs and their effects on negative behavior. This survey was taken and it asked students how many times they used alcohol, marijuana or cocaine and how it affected their behavior socially. Demographics and social class plays roles in the different users in college. This article is great for me because it helps me better understand usage and its social behavioral effects on college students. This gives me information of the prevalence of marijuana use among college students and the rates of use. This is statistical data of 1,400 students helps me use and understand the information in my paper. With this information I can compare it to other articles and surveys taken.

This article talks about binge drinking and alcohol use and its effects on students. They describe how binge drinkers are more likely to smoke cigarettes and engage in marijuana, cocaine and other illicit drug use. Also this article talks about alcohol use and its negative effects on students and its effect on rapes, suicides and motor vehicle accidents. This article also explains the correlation between alcohol and drug use and abuse. With this in mind these effects with help me better understand alcohol abuse. This is great insight on negative effect of alcohol. There are the negative effects of marijuana but compared to the impaired non judgmental effects of alcohol the two do not compare. This is a great article because it helps me better understand the correlation between these drugs. Also it gives me more statistical information on how I should present facts and numbers.

A film on OhioLINK. "The world is a mosaic of visions, and each vision is encapsulated by a language." Yet every two weeks, one of the world's approximately 6,500 languages dies out. What is the significance of this loss to those who speak the language as well as for the rest of humankind? Why do some languages become global while others disappear? And how are language and identity connected? In this program, linguists David Crystal, Peter Austin, and Jørgen Rischel search for the answers to those and other pressing questions as they investigate the state-and fate-of Livonian, in Latvia; Dogon, in Mali; Mlabri, in Thailand; Changsha Hua and Naqxi, in China; Pitjantjatjara and Pintupi, in Australia; and Tutunaku, in Mexico. Portions are in other languages with English subtitles. (60 minutes)

This article explains the effects of marijuana and how its effects both men and women. Marijuana seems to effect men and women differently and tends to have long term addicting effects. Also it explains the effects of marijuana during sex and other effects it has on people in certain situations. With these in mind they conduct a study that entail the negative and positive effects of marijuana. This is a helpful article because it helps me better understand the different effects marijuana has on curtain people. With this in mind I know how I can use it in my research paper. Furthermore this information can help me better understand marijuana and its effects on men and women in different situations. To help me understand the statistical aspect of this research I can use it to comprehend the uses and abuses of marijuana

This article addresses children when growing up and how they for opinions about women and men and their bias. Young children often see their mothers doing house work and their father work, so they assume the men play the dominate role in society from a young age. They often believe "males dominate and females complicate". From a young age, this attitude is installed in children This research will benefit my paper because it correlates with how the media perceives women on television and provides an explanation for the stereotype of childcare worker, homemaker and teacher. It shows how women develop a role in society and the media from a very young age. The media continues to perceive them this way because the media was taught this is the role genders play.

This article addresses men and women in political coverage and the media. When women make decision about who to vote for, they rely more on their close relatives and friends, while men rely more on the media and other coverage. Men, especially when younger pay more attention to the media and read the news paper for political information versus women. The researches conducts a survey in which it shows women are tended to be more democratic than men so this can affect the way they choose to vote. This article will be useful to my research because it shows how men and women use different forms of literacy to vote. This is an outside perspective and it allows a researcher to see the other side of the voting process. This article also proves the point women tend to be more democratic, which can mean if a women is running as a Republican, they are less likely to attract women voters.

College students today face a difficult time with easy access to a credit card and a lack of financial literacy. The authors' study concluded that the average college student is currently accumulating debt at an increasing rate. They believe the allure and purchasing power of a credit card causes some young adults to forgo their own inhibitions and just spend. This study provides an excellent source of quantitative information in the form of survey responses and charts. The authors break down their survey group into many categories, such as age and sex, to examine debt. The plethora of data allows correlations to be made and therefore a better understanding of college student credit card debt. However, the sample size was only 448 students on five college campuses, and in the future, a larger sample size could provide a more detailed and accurate analysis.

Rodriguez explains a program that has helped decline the number of truancies and dropouts among the African American and Latino population. Truancy and dropouts are closely connected with each other and are mostly seen in the urban schools. Because of the living conditions and things that go on outside the schools, kids are more likely to not make it to college. There are many institutions that have been created to help these children that live in poverty stricken neighborhoods. The goal is to get them where they can exceed and do what they want in life. Keeping students more entertained will keep them off the streets and more determined to do well. According to Rodriguez all urban schools need is encouragement and structure.

Rubin describes how sexism is more socially acceptable that racism in our society. Rubin states it plays a bigger role in politics than most people believe. This also discusses how John McCain addressed Hilary Clinton when asked "How do we beat the bitch?" and he responded. This article also addresses Barack Obama and his stance on sexism and racism. This article would be useful in my paper because it describes a good example of how sexism can be used in a presidential election and the difference between sexism and racism. Although it does not relate directly to literacy, it does relate directly to politics and the views of sexism in the previous elections and with media. I can use this for a solid example and explanation against women.

This essay is an overview of the theoretical, methodological, pedagogical, ideological, and power-related issues of world Englishes: varieties of English used in diverse sociolinguistic contexts. The scholars in this field have critically examined theoretical and methodological frameworks of language use based on western, essentially monolingual and monocultural, frameworks of linguistic science and replaced them with frameworks that are faithful to multilingualism and language variation. This conceptual shift affords a "pluricentric" view of English, which represents diverse sociolinguistic histories, multicultural identities, multiple norms of use and acquisition, and distinct contexts of function. The implications of this shift for learning and teaching world Englishes are critically reviewed in the final sections of this essay.

This article describes a study taken of 176 college students to evaluate their patterns of marijuana use as well as its positive and negative effects. Its results found two types of users those that smoked casually and rarely bought product and those that smoked on a regular daily basis. There were both positive and negative effects reported but there were far greater positive reports than negative. The study also described indicators of dependence as well as the tendency of more regular problematic users to combine marijuana use with tobacco and alcohol. This article is helpful because it gives insight to the opinions of those people that actually use the drug being called into question. It addresses both positive and negative effects of use that gives readers a well rounded amount of information on both sides of the argument. It also sheds light how most people that smoke marijuana are at higher risk of using alcohol and tobacco.

This article reports on a small-scale study which examined the home literacy practices of a group of 3 and 4 year-old children in a working-class community in the north of England and explored how far these practices were reflected in the curriculum of the nursery the children attended. The data illustrate that there was a dissonance between out-of-school and schooled literacy practices and that there was more evidence of nursery literacy practices infiltrating the home than vice versa. Children's literacy practices in the home were focused on media and popular cultural texts and the article argues for greater recognition of these contemporary cultural practices in early years policy documentation and curriculum guidance. (Abstract taken from JSTOR.)

The teaching of such a controversial social issue as evolution in the classroom presents difficulties to instructors, both on personal and professional levels. Griffith and Brem examined fifteen Arizona biology teachers, pulling their experiences from focus groups, interviews, and surveys. The study contains a great deal of anecdotal information dealing with both internal and external influences on instructors' teaching methods. This research investigates a whole new realm of the issue as it pertains to literacy by looking directly at those who control the flow of information and those who influence it. However, the researchers make little conclusive headway, suggesting simply that instructors should be made more comfortable with the topic by having access to better information and resources. Ultimately, the personal experiences are telling of the political climate and social stressors.

In this article Aitchison discusses the origins of slang and the use of "ugly language" by today's youth and school children. It talks about the use of slang to distinguish different subcultures and social groups. It also delves into the subject of words changing meaning and different uses for relatively simple terms. And finally, it discusses how some older individuals attempt to connect with today's youth and adapt to their forms of literacy through using slang and popular words.

Expansion of the internet and market innovation have lead to national economies and the deregulation of banking with a changing economy. In an ever changing economy like the United States individuals must constantly keep updated and improve their level of financial literacy, be aware of changes in personal finances and demography and obtain current knowledge of mortgage lending practices. Financial literacy programs such as first time homebuyer programs, basic financial literacy programs, and savings initiatives have been established through private and public funding to increase the financial literacy of the public. The effectiveness of some of these programs has not been concluded, however, individuals have stated that after completing the programs they felt much more confident in making investments.