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Nathan Goodyear

Nature vs. nurture: can exercise really alter fiber type composition in human skeletal ... - 0 views

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    Muscle fiber types exist on a continuum.
Nathan Goodyear

http://n.ethz.ch/~aguayod/download/The%20Influence%20of%20Frequency,Intensity,%20Volume... - 0 views

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    Thorough review on resistance training and the effects on muscle.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone physiology in resistance exercise an... [Sports Med. 2010] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

  • testosterone stimulates protein synthesis
  • promotion of muscle hypertrophy by testosterone
  • intracellular androgen receptor (AR)
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  • In general, testosterone concentration is elevated directly following heavy resistance exercise in men
  • Findings on the testosterone response in women are equivocal with both increases and no changes observed in response to a bout of heavy resistance exercise
  • Age also significantly affects circulating testosterone concentrations.
  • Aging beyond 35-40 years is associated with a 1-3% decline per year in circulating testosterone concentration in men
  • aging results in a reduced acute testosterone response to resistance exercise in men.
  • In women, circulating testosterone concentration also gradually declines until menopause, after which a drastic reduction is found.
  • acute increases in testosterone can be induced by resistance exercise
  • testosterone is an important modulator of muscle mass in both men and women
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    Resistance training to increase endogenous Testosterone production: more specific, the exercise must be high rep or as the authors call it--high volume.  To do this, the weight needs to be light.
Nathan Goodyear

Changes in muscle mass with mechanical load: possible cellular mechanismsThis... - 0 views

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    mTOR signaling pathway involved with building muscle (hypertrophy)
Nathan Goodyear

Difference in kinematics and kinetics between high- and low-velocit... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

  • LLHV protocol may offer an equal if not better training stimulus for muscular adaptation than the HLLV protocol
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    Study finds that low weight (load described in this article) high rep (described as high velocity) is better than high weight and low reps.  Only abstract available here.
Nathan Goodyear

http://baye.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/ebrtr-Fisher.pdf - 0 views

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    Review of the evidence behind resistance training.
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.ucam.edu/sites/default/files/Oct_13/mechanisms_of_muscle_hypertrophy.pdf - 0 views

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    Awesome review by Schoenfeld on the physiology of muscle hypertrophy.
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.lookgreatnaked.com/articles/use_of_specialized_training_techniques.pdf - 0 views

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    very nice review of the mechanism of muscle building per the current understanding found in science.
Nathan Goodyear

Muscle Hypertrophy 2011 - 0 views

  • mechanical tension, muscle damage and metabolic stress are the three primary factors that promote hypertrophy from exercise
  • The mechanical tension is directly related to intensity of the exercise, which is the key to stimulating muscle growth
  • Muscle damage, that leads to muscle soreness, from exercise training initiates an inflammatory response, which activates satellite cells growth processes
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  • metabolic stress that is a result of the byproducts of anaerobic metabolism (i.e., hydrogen ions, lactate, inorganic phosphates) is now also believed to promote hormonal factors leading to muscle hypertrophy
  • The upper extremities tend to show more growth earlier then the lower body
  • Maximal growth occurs with loads between 80-95% of 1 repetition maximum
  • weightlifters and powerlifters show more favorable hypertrophy of type II (fast twitch) muscle fibers
  • body builders appear to have comparable hypertrophy in both the type I (slow twitch) and type II muscle fibers
  • Multi-joint exercises have been shown to produce larger increases of anabolic hormones than single-joint exercises
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    Review of the physiology of muscle building.  The authors review the evidence behind the types of muscle building exercises and the physiology responsible for muscle hypertrophy.  The authors point to Schoenfeld's description of mechanical tension, muscle damage, and metabolic stress to build muscle.
Nathan Goodyear

ACE - ProSource: July 2014 - Muscle Up! Evidence-based Solutions for Maximizing Muscle ... - 0 views

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    Online article reviewing the physiologic adaptation of muscle to resistance training.  The author used the evidence here to point to the most productive resistance training protocol--the RE effort.  The RE effort is the high repetition, lower weight regimen.  However, the RE to failure is critical to the success of RE.
Nathan Goodyear

https://g-se.com/uploads/biblioteca/full2013.pdf - 0 views

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    Nice review of recent understanding of how resistance training promotes muscle hypertrophy adaptation.
Nathan Goodyear

Unintended effects of statins from observational studies in the general population: sys... - 0 views

  • A markedly increased risk of myopathy was observed
  • One cohort study (Women’s Health Initiative) of higher quality and larger sample size found stronger evidence of an increased risk of self-reported T2DM (OR=1.47; 95% CI 1.32 to 1.64) for the groups of women who reported statin use at baseline and three years later
  • Hippisley-Cox et al. found an increased risk of liver enzyme changes
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  • weak evidence of an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was observed
  • Smeeth et al. found an increased risk of incident liver disease in the first year after the index date
  • The cumulative incidence of T2DM after three years of statin treatment was 6.25%, corresponding to an excess risk of 2.25%
  • We found no increased risk of peripheral neuropathy, depression, common eye diseases, renal disorders or arthritis associated with taking statins. Studies of higher quality did not show previously reported protective effects of statins on fractures, venous thrombo-embolism or pneumonia
  • There was evidence of an increase in myopathy, raised liver enzymes and diabetes.
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    Statin use associated with increased myopathy, liver dysfunction, and type II Diabetes.  The authors conclude that the absolute risk is very low, yet OR was 1.47 for type II Diabetes (translated 47% increased odds of developing Diabetes as a result of statins) and OR of 2.63 in risk of myopathy (translated 163% increased odds of developing myopathy as a result of statins).  Seems the authors "low risk" statement is just applies to those without symptoms/side effects.  Physicians need to do a better job of understanding risks and customizing therapies.
Nathan Goodyear

Lower low density lipid cholesterol levels are associated with Parkinson's disease - 0 views

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    Lower LDL levels associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease.  LDL levels < 113 were associated with a 3.5 fold increase in Parkinson's disease compared to LDL of 138.
Nathan Goodyear

Tremor in 48,XXYY syndrome. - ResearchGate - 0 views

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    Case study finds that Testosterone improved neuropathy in hypergonadotropin hypogonadism syndrome.
Nathan Goodyear

Severe sensory motor polyneuropathy at the onset of diabetes mellit... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    only abstract available.  Testosterone therapy involved in the resolution of polyneuropathy in new onset Diabetes.
Nathan Goodyear

Therapeutic Testosterone Administration Preserves Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in t... - 0 views

  • direct androgen receptor activation is not a mutually exclusive requirement of testosterone-mediated neuroprotection.
  • Testosterone treatment after EAE induction restores synaptic transmission and corresponding synaptic protein levels within the hippocampus during EAE
  • A growing body of evidence suggests that testosterone enhances hippocampal synaptogenesis
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  • This study demonstrates that testosterone treatment either before or after EAE disease induction partially restores deficits in synaptic transmission, preserves presynaptic and postsynaptic integrity, and prevents hippocampal pathology.
  • treatment with a pregnancy estrogen, estriol, can prevent deficits in excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus during EAE
  • testosterone is important to the maintenance of normal synaptic spine density in the hippocampus
  • estriol treatment was also capable of preserving levels of synaptic proteins that are known to orchestrate functional synaptic transmission within the hippocampus.
  • Estriol is a therapeutic candidate in MS because it has widespread effects on the immune system and the CNS
  • MS patients have significantly decreased relapse rates during the third trimester of pregnancy, when estriol levels are most elevated, and relapse rates rebound during the postpartum period coinciding with an abrupt decline in serum estriol levels
  • In nonpregnant MS patients, estriol treatment has been shown to significantly reduce gadolinium-enhancing lesion number and volumes measured by MRI
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    Testosterone restores/preserves nerve synapsis within the hippocampus in autoimmune demyelinating disease.  Testosterone appears to have neuroprotection.  The authors conclude that the majority of the protective effect was through aromatase activity.
Nathan Goodyear

Peripheral neuropathy: an underdiagnosed cause of erectile dysfunction - Vall... - 1 views

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    Peripheral neuropathy involved in/associated with the pathogenesis of ED proposed by this study.
Nathan Goodyear

Chronic inorganic mercury induced peripheral neuropathy. - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Only abstract available: chronic inorganic Hg associated with demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy.  The exposure in this case study was through herbal supplements.
Nathan Goodyear

MedLink - 0 views

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    Mercury exposure associated with polyneuropathy. Sensory is more recent exposure with long term exposure associated with motor.
Nathan Goodyear

JAMA Network | JAMA Internal Medicine | Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Col... - 0 views

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    Vegeterian diet found to reduce colon, colorectal, and rectal cancer when compared to non-vegetarian diets.
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