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This article summarizes it all.  With age, Testosterone declines and estrogen production, through elevated aromatase activity, increases.  This results in a decline in the Testosterone:estradiol ratio.  This has been clearly implicated in both benign and disease states of the prostate.  The evidence points to aromatase activity and estrogen in the prostate to poor prostate health.  Additionally, this article points out the impact of ER alpha and ER beta on the translation of the message of Estrogen.

peripheral estrogen in men inhibits testosterone production and secretion

Cadmium levels found to be positively associated with serum Testosterone levels in women.  Cadmium inversely associated with E2 levels.  Cadmium has been associated with increased breast cancer risk in women.

low vitamin D levels effect sex hormone levels in men and women.

Mouse study, but aromatase activity and ER alpha required for atherosclerosis in male mice.

a decreasing Testosterone:Estradiol ratio leads to decreased sperm production.  This effectively occurs through the interaction of the elevated Estradiol and the HPA.

Sometimes I think medicine has lost its mind.  Or at least, it is not thinking things through.  To give IV estrogen to decrease Testosteorne in men with prostate cancer is devoid of the pathophysiology of prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease in men.  Elevated Estradiol in men increases CRP, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha to name a few cytokines.  The proported purpose of the IV estrogen is to prevent the cardiovascular complications associated with ADT.  Yet, elevated aromatase activity and low T in men are both shown to be associated with increased CVD in men.

Good discuss of androgen deficiency in women.  Also, good discussion of SHBG.  

No surprise here as genetics and environment play in a role in all disease.  Here it is hormones.  

This article points to the impact of T:E2 on ED in men.  A declining T:E2 increases ED in older men.  

small study, but males with pancreatic cancer were found to have higher levels of FSH (p < 0.01), LH and oestradiol (p < 0.001) and lower levels of progesterone (p < 0.01) and testosterone (p < 0.05) than the controls. Female patients with pancreatic cancer were found to have higher levels of oestradiol (p < 0.001) and lower levels of LH, FSH and progesterone.  Though cause and effect is not known, the expression of ER alpha in pancreatic cancer is known and the inflammatory and pro-growth signal of ER alpha is known, thus heavy stimulation would be unwise.

recent study proves the scientific validity of sex hormone evaluation via saliva.  Most labs today use ELIZA.  The new future will be mass spectroscopy.

salivary and urine testing used to assess sex hormone levels in young twins.  

The results of this study: body composition i.e. fat, effects hormone levels, rather then hormone effecting body composition.  

Don't chew gum to increase saliva for saliva testing.

estrogen shown to have two sites of negative feedback in men. First in the hypothalamus and second in the pituitary.  In many men, aromatase inhibition can restore the HPA by eliminating the negative feedback of estrogen on the hypothalamus and the pituitary.

low T:E2 ratio increases inflammation in prostate.  This has implications in prostatitis and prostate cancer.

a large collaborative analysis finds no association between ANY sex hormones and prostate cancer.  

saliva testing of stress and sex hormones have been utilized since the early 1980's and described as "well validated" in the literature.