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Injection Buttock Augmentation with Implants vs. Fat Injections - 0 views

medium.com/...-vs-fat-injections-a8ae61f5ca0 #buttockliftDubai #buttocklifttreatmentdubai #fatinjectiondubai #fattransferdubai #fatinjectiontreatmentdubai
shared by hadiyasafdar on 27 Jan 17 - No Cached
  • hadiyasafdar on 27 Jan 17
     
    The demand of buttock augmentation is increasing massively with the advancements in cosmetic sector. Many women who have small buttocks in comparison to their body type and frame or ones who wish to have well contoured and fuller buttocks are considering buttock augmentation. Your buttocks may have lost shape and volume over the years
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Genomic agonism and phenotypic antagonism between estrogen and progesterone receptors i... - 0 views

advances.sciencemag.org/...e1501924.full progesterone PR progesterone receptors progesterone receptor cancer breast cancer hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jun 16 - No Cached
  • The presence and activity of PR significantly affect the prognostic value of ER.
  • The observed loss of PR protein expression in a subset of ER+/PR+ breast cancers, because of hypermethylation or deletion of the PR gene locus, results in the loss of ER prognostic value
  • These findings emphasize the clinical value of assessing both PR and ER expression in breast cancer samples
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • PR is an essential modulator of ER-regulated genes but also that it significantly contributes to the prognostic value of ER in ER+/PR+ breast cancers
  • PR-regulated genes have independent prognostic value, and the presence of PR correlates with favorable clinicopathological outcomes
  • this study demonstrates that progestin-activated PR redirects ER chromatin binding and functions as a genomic estrogen agonist and as a phenotypic estrogen antagonist in ER+/PR+ breast cancer cells and human tumors
  • Approximately 80% of ER+ breast cancers are also positive for PR,
  • In isolation, both hormones activate or inhibit cellular processes in similar directions, although the magnitude of these effects is less for progestin alone than for estrogen alone
  • PR-mediated antagonism of estrogenic phenotypes is well documented
  • joint activation of ER and PR antagonized ER-regulated oncogenic processes
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jun 16
     
    WOW!!  study finds that progesterone through PR activity antagonizes ER protein expression by the cell.  This has huge implications in breast cancer and possible prostate cancer.  But then again, women don't need progesterone; only estrogen.  The presence of PR correlates with improved clinicopathological outcomes.  The authors do seem to get confused about progesterone and progestins.  They are not one in the same.
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Regulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Monocytes by Ligation of the Receptor for ... - 0 views

www.jbc.org/...34834.full COX2 AGE advanced glycation end products RAGE inflammation
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jun 12
     
    good article on the biochemistry of COX2 in inflammation.  Particularily with AGE and it the receptors RAGE.  COX2 has been shown to decrease insulin secretion through inhibition of islet cell production, but in the presence of disease level inflammation, COX2 can be a part of a very dangerous autocrine/paracrine loop.
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Association between hypogonadism, symptom burden, and... [Cancer. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24577665 cancer hormone hormones inflammation men male CRP
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14
     
    low T (total, free, and bioavailable) associated with advanced cancer, decreased survival, increased systemic inflammation (CRP), and weight loss in male patients.  
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American College of Cardiology Foundation | Journal of the American College of Cardiolo... - 0 views

content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx Testosterone women female hormone hormones CHF insulin resistance heart
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Mar 14
     
    Study finds that Testosterone therapy improves insulin sensitivity, muscle strength and function in women with advanced CHF.  No levels were noted.  If this is similar to men, I would expect a low Testosterone, which Testosterone replacement would then increase physiologic performance. 
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The endocrine profiles in men with loc... [Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2007] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...17277727 estradiol men male aromatase aromatase activity prostate cancer prostate cancer
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Aug 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Aug 13
     
    estradiol associated with advanced prostate cancer
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A Brief About Dr Jennifer Martinick And The Martinick Technique - 0 views

www.briefingwire.com/...ck-and-the-martinick-technique Dr Jennifer Martinick reviews Hair
shared by Dr. Jennifer Martinick on 13 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Dr. Jennifer Martinick on 13 Nov 13
     
    Dr Jennifer Martinick is a well known hair transplant surgeon who is credited for developing the advanced and outstanding hair transplant technology - The Martinick TechniqueTM.
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Oestrogen and colorectal cancer: mechan... [Int J Colorectal Dis. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...23319136 estrogen estriol estradiol estrone colon cancer ER beta ER-beta
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Nov 13
     
    Estrogen early protects against colon cancer, but estrogen increases proliferation late.  The problem here is the estrogens involved.  If ER beta is shown to be highly expressed in the colon, then Estriol would be of benefit as it preferentially binds to ER beta at a rate of 5:1 and Estradiol at a rate of 1:1.  Estriol is currently used in Europe in advanced breast cancer.
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Testosterone therapy for men at ris... [Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2006] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...16904053 prostate disease cancer hormone hormones therapy Testosterone Estrogen Estradiol men male
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 Sep 13
     
    It is important to understand that hormones in serum do not reflect the hormonal environment in the prostate.  Additionally, the diseased prostate does not respond the same as a healthy prostate.  That is high advanced Prostate cancer will respond to estrogen therapy and early prostate disease will increase with increased aromatase Testosterone to Estradiol conversion.
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Phase I clinical trial of i.v. ascorbic acid in ad... [Ann Oncol. 2008] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed IV vitamin C vitamin C intravenous IV vitamin C cancer
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Oct 13
     
    High dose IV vitamin C not proven to be effective in patients with advanced cancer, but proven to be very safe.
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PLOS ONE: Probiotic Microbes Sustain Youthful Serum Testosterone Levels and Testicular ... - 0 views

journals.plos.org/...article hormone hormones low T low Testosterone hypogonadism Testosterone probiotic L reuters probiotics Lactobacillus lactobacillus reuteri male aging
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Studies in both humans and rodents, however, suggest that low testosterone is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular luteinizing hormone metabolism
  • Various dietary factors and diet-induced obesity have been shown to increase the risk for late onset male hypogonadism and low testosterone production in both humans and mice
  • Testosterone deficiency and metabolic diseases such as obesity appear to inter-digitate in complex cause-and-effect relationships
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • dietary supplementation of aged mice with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri makes them appear to be younger than their matched untreated sibling mice
  • These results indicate that gut microbiota induce modulation of local gastrointestinal immunity resulting in systemic effects on the immune system which activate metabolic pathways that restore tissue homeostasis and overall health
  • all these studies we consistently observed that young and aged mice consuming purified L. reuteri organisms had particularly large testes and a dominant male behavior.
  • The testes of probiotic-fed aged mice were rescued from both seminiferous tubule atrophy and interstitial Leydig cell area reduction typical of the normal aging process. Preservation of testicular architecture despite advanced age or high-fat diet coincided with remarkably high levels of circulating testosterone. The beneficial effects of probiotic consumption were recapitulated by the depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17.
  • feeding of L. reuteri consistently increased the gonadal weights, consumption of a non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 organisms did not affect testicular weight
  • mice with dietary L. reuteri supplements were rescued from diet-induced obesity and had normal body weight and lean physique
  • Despite the comparable numbers of ST profiles, we determined that testes from L. reuteri-treated mice had increased ST cross-sectioned profiles
  • the probiotic organism induced prominent Leydig cell accumulations in the interstitial tissue between the ST's
  • The probiotic-associated increase of interstitial Leydig cell areas was sustained with advancing age at 7 (CD vs CD+LR, P = 0.0025; CD+E.coli vs CD+LR, P = 0.0251) and 12 months
  • mice eating L. reuteri had profoundly increased levels of circulating testosterone regardless of the type of diet they consumed
  • blocking pro-inflammatory Il-17 signaling entirely recapitulates the beneficial effects of probiotics
  • previous studies we found that dietary probiotics counteract obesity [19] and age-related integumentary pathology [18] at least in part by down-regulating systemic pro-inflammatory IL-17A-dependent signaling
  • Testes histomorphometry and serum androgen concentration data were both suggestive of a probiotic-associated up-regulation of spermatogenesis in mice
  • Lactobacillus reuteri we discovered that aging male animals had larger testes compared to their age-matched controls
  • xamined testes of probiotic microbe-fed mice and found that they had less testicular atrophy coinciding with higher levels of circulating testosterone compared to their age-matched controls
  • Similar testicular health benefits were produced using systemic depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17 alone, implicating a chronic inflammatory pathway in hypogonadism
  • One specific aspect of this paradigm is reciprocal activities of pro-inflammatory Th-17 and anti-inflammatory Treg cells
  • Feeding of L. reuteri organisms was previously shown to up-regulate IL-10 levels and reduce levels of IL-17 [19] serving to lower systemic inflammation
  • insufficient levels of IL-10 may increase the risk for autoimmunity, obesity, and other inflammatory disease syndromes
  • Westernized diets are also low in vitamin D, a nutrient that when present normally works together with IL-10 to protect against inflammatory disorders
  • Physiological feedback loops apparently exist between microbes, host hormones, and immunity
  • The hormone testosterone has been shown to act directly through androgen receptors on CD4+ cells to increase IL-10 expression
  • studies in both humans and rodents suggest that hypogonadism is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular LH metabolism
  • We postulate that probiotic gut microbes function symbiotically with their mammalian hosts to impart immune homeostasis to maintain systemic and testicular health [34]–[35] despite suboptimal dietary conditions.
  • Dietary factors and diet-induced obesity were previously shown to increase risk for age-associated male hypogonadism, reduced spermatogenesis, and low testosterone production in both humans and mice [2]–[4], [8]–[11], [14]–[17], phenotypic features that in this study were inhibited by oral probiotic therapy absent milk sugars, extra protein, or vitamin D supplied in yogurt.
  • Similar beneficial effects of probiotic microbes on testosterone levels and sperm indices were reported in male mice that had been simultaneously supplemented with selenium
  • L. reuteri-associated prevention of age- and diet-related testicular atrophy correlates with increased numbers and size of Leydig cells
  • the initial changes of testicular atrophy begin to occur in mice from the age of 6 moths onwards [7] and indicates that the trophic effect of L. reuteri on Leydig cells is a key event which precedes and prevents age-related changes in the testes of mice. This effect is reminiscent of earlier studies describing Leydig cell hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in the mouse and the rat testis that were achievable by the administration of gonadotropins, including human chorionic gonadotropin, FSH and LH
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15
     
    Fascinating study on how the addition of Lactobacillus reuteri increased Testicular size, prevented testicular atrophy, increased serum Testosterone production and protected against diet-induced/obesity-induced hypogonadism.  This was a mouse model
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Electronic Wheel chair - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...POWER-WHEELCHAIR Shower Wheelchair Can Dramatically Improve Lives Electronic Wheel chair electric propulsion by motors a joy stick or push buttons shower wheelchair lightweight and portable for travel accessible seat frame
shared by wheelchairindia9 on 16 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 16 Apr 15
     
    Golden Technologies takes all the worry out of purchasing a power wheelchair. Designers blend the most technologically advanced components with superior designs to provide with the almost in quality, comfort and style. Motorized wheelchairs to enter bike lanes if a sidewalk isn't available or passable by wheelchair. Wheelchair users would be required to yield the right-of-way to bikers. The proposal also adds motorized wheelchairs to current law affecting vehicles and bicycles on the road, including the required three foot law between bikers and drivers. Supporters bill would help wheelchair users get around quickly and that areas without sidewalks are often difficult to navigate. It's the standard chair, with the main frame attaches to the front. This isn't a futuristic design as such, but a very good way of maintaining or building strength in those who are bound to a wheelchair, and may hope to walk again in their future. Personally, this bike is pretty cool. It's got a front frame similar to a chopper, with the added comfort of a chair appose to a saddle. A new module is set to transform electric powered wheelchairs into communication hubs. An powerchair is more compact and has a better turning radius than an electric scooter; making it is easier to navigate narrow doorways and tight turns. Another advantage of the powerwheelchair is that its armchair joystick does not require an upright posture like an electric scooter's handlebars. Most power wheelchairs can also be taken apart and stowed, while scooters usually can't. Powerwheelchairs are also usually less expensive than scooters. For many disabled people, the only way to move around is by using a wheelchair. Those who cannot powered wheelchairs propel themselves with their arms, which often leads to fatigue, pain, and even permanent damage to arms and shoulders. BENEFITS: Activates circulation system and improves cardio-pulmonary function. Helps prevent decubitus sores. Improves bowel regu
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Branched Chain Amino Acid Supplementation for Patients with Cirrhosis | Clinical Correl... - 0 views

www.clinicalcorrelations.org/?p=3544 BCCA branched chain amino acids liver cirrhosis hepatitis amino acids
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Oct 15 - No Cached
  • low level of BCAAs in patients with cirrhosis is hypothesized to be one of multiple factors responsible for development of hepatic encephalopathy
  • supplementation of BCAAs is thought to facilitate ammonia detoxification by supporting synthesis of glutamine, one of the non-branched chain amino acids, in skeletal muscle and in the brain as well as diminishing the influx of AAAs across the blood-brain barrier
  • oral BCAA supplementation is more useful in chronic encephalopathic patients than is parenteral BCAA supplementation in patients with acute encephalopathy
  • ...35 more annotations...
  • malnutrition progressing to cachexia is another common manifestation of cirrhosis
  • Malnutrition can be mitigated with BCAA supplementation
  • Studies show that administration of amino acid formulas enriched with BCAAs can reduce protein loss, support protein synthesis, and improve nutritional status of patients with chronic liver disease
  • Leucine has been shown to be the most effective of the BCAAs because it acts via multiple pathways to stimulate protein synthesis
  • BCAAs metabolites inhibit proteolysis
  • Patients with cirrhosis have both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance
  • BCAAs (particularly leucine) help to reverse the catabolic, hyperglucagonemic state of cirrhosis both by stimulating insulin release from the pancreatic β cells and by decreasing insulin resistance allowing for better glucose utilization
  • Coadministration of BCAAs and glucose has been found to be particularly useful
  • BCAA supplementation improves protein-energy malnutrition by improving utilization of glucose, thereby diminishing the drive for proteolysis, inhibiting protein breakdown, and stimulating protein synthesis
  • Cirrhotic patients have impaired immune defense, characterized by defective phagocytic activity and impaired intracellular killing activity
  • another effect of BCAA supplementation is improvement of phagocytic function of neutrophils and possibly improvement in natural killer T (NKT) cell lymphocyte activity
  • BCAA supplementation may reduce the risk of infection in patients with advanced cirrhosis not only through improvement in protein-energy malnutrition but also by directly improving the function of the immune cells themselves
  • BCAA administration has also been shown to have a positive effect on liver regeneration
  • A proposed mechanism for improved liver regeneration is the stimulatory effect of BCAAs (particularly leucine) on the secretion of hepatocyte growth factor by hepatic stellate cells
  • BCAAs activate rapamycin signaling pathways which promotes albumin synthesis in the liver as well as protein and glycogen synthesis in muscle tissue
  • Chemical improvement with BCAA treatment is demonstrated by recovery of serum albumin and lowering of serum bilirubin levels
  • long-term oral BCAA supplementation was useful in staving off malnutrition and improving survival by preventing end-stage fatal complications of cirrhosis such as hepatic failure and gastrointestinal bleeding
  • The incidence of death by any cause, development of liver cancer, rupture of esophageal varices, or progression to hepatic failure was decreased in the group that received BCAA supplementation
  • Patients receiving BCAA supplementation also have a lower average hospital admission rate, better nutritional status, and better liver function tests
  • patients taking BCAA supplementation report improved quality of life
  • BCAAs have been shown to mitigate hepatic encephalopathy, cachexia, and infection rates, complications associated with the progression of hepatic cirrhosis
  • BCAAs make up 20-25% of the protein content of most foods
  • Highest levels are found in casein whey protein of dairy products and vegetables, such as corn and mushrooms. Other sources include egg albumin, beans, peanuts and brown rice bran
  • In addition to BCAAs from diet, oral supplements of BCAAs can be used
  • Oral supplementation tends to provide a better hepatic supply of BCAAs for patients able to tolerate PO nutrition as compared with IV supplementation, especially when treating symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy
  • Coadministration of BCAAs with carnitine and zinc has also been shown to increase ammonia metabolism further reducing the encephalopathic symptoms
  • Cirrhotic patients benefit from eating frequent, small meals that prevent long fasts which place the patient in a catabolic state
  • the best time for BCAA supplementation is at bedtime to improve the catabolic state during starvation in early morning fasting
  • A late night nutritional snack reduces symptoms of weakness and fatigability, lowers postprandial hyperglycemia, increases skeletal muscle mass,[25] improves nitrogen balance, and increases serum albumin levels.[26] Nocturnal BCAAs even improve serum albumin in cirrhotic patients who show no improvement with daytime BCAAs
  • Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), with low serum albumin and low muscle mass, occurs in 65-90% of cases of advanced cirrhosis
  • hyperglucagonemia results in a catabolic state eventually producing anorexia and cachexia
  • BCAAs are further depleted from the circulation due to increased uptake by skeletal muscles that use the BCAAs in the synthesis of glutamine, which is produced in order to clear the ammonia that is not cleared by the failing liver
  • patients with chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, routinely have decreased BCAAs and increased aromatic amino acids (AAAs) in their circulation
  • Maintaining a higher serum albumin in patients with cirrhosis is associated with decreased mortality and improved quality of life
  • the serum BCAA concentration is strongly correlated with the serum albumin level
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Oct 15
     
    great review of cirrhosis and BCCA supplementation.
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British Journal of Cancer - A pilot clinical study of [Delta]9-tetrahydrocannabinol in ... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...6603236a.html THC cannabinoids cancer Tetrahydrocannabinol CBD
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Dec 14
     
    Pilot study of THC for advanced, recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.  The infused THC appeared to be safe and provide some anti proliferative activity, but all patients died within 1 year.
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Androgen receptor expression is inversely correlated with pathologic tumor stage in bla... - 0 views

www.goldjournal.net/...abstract androgen receptor androgen receptors bladder cancer bladder cancer men male hormone hormones AR
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15
     
    Study finds that loss of Androgen receptors associated with advanced stage bladder cancer in men.
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Expression and significance of androgen receptor coactivators in urothelial carcinoma o... - 0 views

erc.endocrinology-journals.org/...123.full bladder cancer bladder cancer AR androgen receptor androgen receptor receptors hormones hormone androgen receptors
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15
     
    This study focused on coactivators in bladder cancer.  Although, the study found that AR expression was inversely associated with advancing bladder cancer stage--This is opposite from the positive correlation with Prostate Cancer.  
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Metabolic Treatment of Cancer: Intermediate Results of a Prospective Case Series - 0 views

ar.iiarjournals.org/...973.abstract IV intravenous alpha lipoic acid ALA cancer LDN low dose naltrexone
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Sep 14
     
    advanced, end-stage cancer treated in few patients with IV alpha lipoic acid, oral LDN, and hydroxycitrate--case study presentation.  The therapies were well tolerated without toxicity.  The authors concluded that the therapy "enhances the efficacy" of the chemotherapy.
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Low testosterone is associated with poor health status in men with ... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...25704864 low T Testosterone low Testosterone HIV fT3 poor health men male hormones hormone
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Mar 15
     
    Lower Testosterone levels are found in men with more advanced HIV.  This relationship is bidirectional.  This decreased biomarker is likely more a biomarker of poor health than one of a direct relationship.  As in the fT3 is lower in hypogonadal men versus eugonadal men.  This points to the significant problems in the way Testosterone is thought of and used in therapy for men today.  For many men, low T is the effect and not the cause.
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Implications of free radicals and antioxidant levels in carcinoma of the breast: A neve... - 0 views

www.indianjcancer.com/article.asp SOD superoxide disumutase catalase antioxidants antioxidant breast cancer cancer malondialdehyde MDA lipid peroxides oxidative stress inflammation
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Experimental investigations as well as clinical and epidemiological findings have provided evidence supporting the role of reactive oxygen metabolites or free radicals such as singlet oxygen O 2 - , superoxide anions (O 2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H­2 O2 ) and hydroxyl radical in the etiology of cancer.
  • Certain aldehydes such as Malonyldialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipid peroxidation arising from free radical degeneration of polyunsaturated fatty acids can cause cross linking in lipids, proteins and nucleic acids leading to cellular damage.
  • In this study, patients with cancer exhibited higher levels of MDA, both in tissues and serum (p<0.001) compared to the control group [Table 1]. In tissue, the MDA level in stage IV was significantly higher as compared to stage I indicating increased free radical activity with increasing severity of cancer
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • From these observations, it can be concluded that MDA levels play an important role in assessing the outcome of cancer
  • SOD and CAT are considered primary antioxidant enzymes, since they are involved in direct elimination of reactive oxygen metabolites. [13-16] They also act as anti-carcinogens and inhibitors at initiation and promotion/transformation stage in carcinogenesis
  • In our study, SOD and CAT levels were found to be low in all cancer patients as compared to controls
  • Fridovich and Tayarani have demonstrated in their respective studies that the reduction in SOD activity increases the toxic effects of O2 - and this might lead to severe cellular damage.
  • Mehrotra et al. in their study also observed high levels of MDA and low levels of SOD and CAT in patients of cancer cervix which is in sync with our observations.
  • strong evidence regarding the definitive role of free radicals in breast malignancy.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Nov 14
     
    This study finds a strong correlation between advancing breast cancer, decreased catalase and SOD with increasing MDA.  The authors of this study conclude this is a key factor in carcinogenesis and not a by-product of cancer.  This flies in the face of traditional medicines fear of antioxidant therapy in cancer.
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Thymidine kinase in breast cancer. - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC1971480 thymidine kinase 1 TK-1cancer
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Feb 15
     
    Thymidine kinase is a good marker for DNA synthesis and proliferative activity in cancer. Healthy controls had low TK-1 levels. In contrast, advancing stage of disease was associated with increasing TK-1 levels. TK-1 also was useful in following treatment efficacy. Inflammatory GI disease was found have TK-1 levels comparable to "healthy" controls. This is important to be able to differentiate between inflammation and a useful cancer biomarker
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