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Nathan Goodyear

Substantial contribution of extrinsic risk factors to cancer development - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4836858

cancer lifestyle

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jan 18 - No Cached
  • Here we provide evidence that intrinsic risk factors contribute only modestly (<10~30%) to cancer development
  • we conclude that cancer risk is heavily influenced by extrinsic factors. These results carry immense consequences for strategizing cancer prevention
  • cancers are proposed to originate from the malignant transformation of normal tissue progenitor and stem cells
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • “Intrinsic processes” include those that result in mutations due to random errors in DNA replication whereas “extrinsic factors” are environmental factors that affect mutagenesis rates (such as UV radiation, ionizing radiation, and carcinogens
  • intrinsic factors do not play a major causal role.
  • intrinsic cancer risk should be determined by the cancer incidence for those cancers with the least risk in the entire group controlling for total stem cell divisions
  • if one or more cancers would feature a much higher cancer incidence, for example, lung cancer among smokers vs. non-smokers, then this most likely reflects additional (and probably extrinsic) risk factors (smoking in this case)
  • Particularly, for breast and prostate cancers, it has long been observed that large international geographical variations exist in their incidences (5-fold for breast cancer, 25-fold for prostate cancer)14, and immigrants moving from countries with lower cancer incidence to countries with higher cancer rates soon acquire the higher risk of their new country
  • Colorectal cancer is another high-incidence cancer that is widely considered to be an environmental disease17, with an estimated 75% or more colorectal cancer risk attributable to diet
  • melanoma, its risk ascribed to sun exposure is around 65–86%
  • non-melanoma basal and squamous skin cancers, ~90% is attributable to UV
  • 75% of esophageal cancer, or head and neck cancer are caused by tobacco and alcohol
  • HPV may cause ~90% cases in cervical cancer23, ~90% cases in anal cancer24, and ~70% in oropharyngeal cancer
  • HBV and HCV may account for ~80% cases of hepatocellular carcinoma
  • H pylori may be responsible for 65–80% of gastric cancer
  • While a few cancers have relatively large proportions of intrinsic mutations (>50%), the majority of cancers have large proportions of extrinsic mutations, for example, ~100% for Myeloma, Lung and Thyroid cancers and ~80–90% for Bladder, Colorectal and Uterine cancers, indicating substantial contributions of carcinogen exposures in the development of most cancers
  • onsistent estimate of contribution of extrinsic factors of >70–90% in most common cancer types. This concordance lends significant credibility to the overall conclusion on the role of extrinsic factors in cancer development
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jan 18
     
    Really great read.  Cancer is a majority lifestyle disease.
Nathan Goodyear

Promising role for Gc-MAF in cancer immunotherapy: from bench to bedside - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC5686300

nagalase Gc-MAF cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jan 18 - No Cached
  • MAF precursor activity has also been lost or reduced after Gc-globulin treatment in some cancer cell lines
  • This appears to result from the deglycosylated ɑ-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (nagalase) secreted from cancerous cells
  • Nagalase has been detected in many cancer patients, but not in healthy individuals
  • ...31 more annotations...
  • Studies have shown that the production of nagalase has a mutual relationship with Gc-MAF level and immunosuppression
  • It has been demonstrated that serum levels of nagalase are good prognosticators of some types of cancer
  • The nagalase level in serum correlates with tumor burden and it has been shown that Gc-MAF therapy progresses, nagalase activity decreases
  • It has been shown that Gc-MAF can inhibit the angiogenesis induced by pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E1
  • The effect of Gc-MAF on chemotaxis or activation of tumoricidal macrophages is likely the main mechanism against angiogenesis.
  • Administration of Gc-MAF stimulates immune-cell progenitors for extensive mitogenesis, activates macrophages and produces antibodies. “This indicates that Gc-MAF is a powerful adjuvant for immunization.”
  • Cancer cell lines do not develop into tumor genes in mouse models after Gc-MAF-primed immunization (29-31) and the effect of Gc-MAF has been approved for macrophage stimulation for angiogenesis, proliferation, migration and metastatic inhibition on tumors induced by MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line
  • The protocol included: "a high dose of second-generation Gc-MAF (0.5 ml) administered twice a week intramuscularly for a total of 21 injections.”
  • Yamamoto et al. showed that the administration of Gc-MAF to 16 patients with prostate cancer led to improvements in all patients without recurrence
  • Inui et al. reported that a 74-year-old man diagnosed with prostate cancer with multiple bone metastases was in complete remission nine months after initiation of GcMAF therapy simultaneously with hyper T/NK cell, high-dose vitamin C and alpha lipoic acid therapy
  • It has also been approved for non-neoplastic diseases such as autism (41), multiple sclerosis (42, 43), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) (40), juvenile osteoporosis (44) and systemic lupus erythematous (45).
  • Gc-MAF has been verified for use in colon, thyroid (38), lung (39), liver, thymus (36), pancreatic (40), bladder and ovarian cancer and tongue squamous carcinoma
  • Prostate, breast, colon, liver, stomach, lung (including mesothelioma), kidney, bladder, uterus, ovarian, head/neck and brain cancers, fibrosarcomas and melanomas are the types of cancer tested thus far
  • weekly administration of 100 ng Gc-MAF to cancer at different stages and types showed curative effects at different follow-up times
  • this treatment has been suggested for non-anemic patients
  • Studies have shown that weekly administration of 100 ng Gc-MAF to cancer patients had curative effects on a variety of cancers
  • Because the half-life of the activated macrophages is approximately one week, it must be administered weekly
  • In vivo weekly intramuscular administration of Gc-MAF (100 ng) for 16-22 weeks was used to treat patients with breast cancer
  • individuals harboring different VDR genotypes had different responses to Gc-MAF and that some genotypes were more responsive than others
  • Administration of Gc-MAF for cancer patients exclusively activates macrophages as an important cell in adaptive immunity
  • Gc-MAF supports humoral immunity by producing, developing and releasing large quantities of antibodies against cancer. Clinical evidence from a human model of breast cancer patients supports this hypothesis
  • There is also evidence that confirms the tumoricidal role of Gc-MAF via Fc-receptor mediation
  • It is likely that the best therapeutic responses will be observed when the nutritional and inflammatory aspects are taken together with stimulation of the immune system
  • it should be noted that no harmful side effects of Gc-MAF treatment have been reported, even when it was successfully administered to autistic children
  • The natural activation mechanism of macrophages by Gc-MAF is so natural and it should not have any side effects on humans or animal models even in cell culture
  • Besides the Gc-MAF efficacy on macrophage activity, it can be a potential anti-angiogenic agent (28) and an inhibitor of the migration of cancerous cells in the absence of macrophages (47).
  • Activating or modifying natural killer cells, dendritic cells, DC, CTL, INF and IL-2 have all been recommended for cancer immunotherapy
  • It has been reported that nagalase cannot deglycosylate Gc-MAF as it has specificity for Gc globulin alone
  • inflammation-derived macrophage activation with the participation of B and T lymphocytes is the main mechanism
  • macrophages highly-activated by the addition of Gc-MAF can show tumoricidal activity
  • Previous clinical investigations have confirmed the efficacy of Gc-MAF. In addition to activating existing macrophages, Gc-MAF is a potent mitogenic factor that can stimulate the myeloid progenitor cells to increase systemic macrophage cell counts by 40-fold in four days
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jan 18
     
    great review on Gc-MAF in cancer.  An increase in nagalase blocks Gc-protein to Gc-MAF activity leaving the host immune system compromised.
Nathan Goodyear

Expression and significance of androgen receptor coactivators in urothelial carcinoma o... - 0 views

erc.endocrinology-journals.org/...123.full

bladder cancer bladder cancer AR androgen receptor androgen receptor receptors hormones hormone androgen receptors

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15
     
    This study focused on coactivators in bladder cancer.  Although, the study found that AR expression was inversely associated with advancing bladder cancer stage--This is opposite from the positive correlation with Prostate Cancer.  
Nathan Goodyear

Dihydrotestosterone upregulates the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and ... - 0 views

erc.endocrinology-journals.org/...451.short

bladder cancer bladder cancer androgen receptor androgen receptors AR androgen receptor receptors EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jan 15
     
    Androgen receptors may be associated with bladder cancer progression.  This study finds AR up regulates Epidermal growth factor in bladder cancer cells.
Nathan Goodyear

Expression of estrogen receptors-α and -β in bladder cancer cell lines and hu... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...full

ER ER beta ER-beta bladder cancer bladder cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15
     
    ER-beta is commonly expressed versus ER-alpha in bladder cancer.  There was a positive correlation between ER-beta expression and invasion and grade of cancer.  This study also found that blockade of the ER resulted in a decrease in growth.
Nathan Goodyear

Mistletoe Plant Extract in Patients with Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results of ... - 0 views

www.auajournals.org/...j.juro.2015.04.073

abnoviscum fraxinii mistletoe bladder cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jun 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jun 21
     
    Intra-vesicle bladder instillation of a. Fraxinii in bladder cancer
Nathan Goodyear

Promotion of Bladder Cancer Development and Progression by Androgen Receptor Signals - 0 views

jnci.oxfordjournals.org/...558.full

bladder cancer bladder cancer androgen receptor androgen receptors AR receptor men male hormones hormone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15
     
    Animal study finds that Androgen Receptors play role in bladder cancer development and progression in men.
Nathan Goodyear

Androgen receptor expression is inversely correlated with pathologic tumor stage in bla... - 0 views

www.goldjournal.net/...abstract

androgen receptor androgen receptors bladder cancer bladder cancer men male hormone hormones AR

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15
     
    Study finds that loss of Androgen receptors associated with advanced stage bladder cancer in men.
Nathan Goodyear

Androgen Receptor Is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Bladder Cancer - Urology - 0 views

www.goldjournal.net/...fulltext

AR androgen receptor androgen receptors bladder cancer bladder cancer male men hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15
     
    Study finds that a decrease in androgen receptor inhibits bladder cancer cell growth in vivo and in vitro studies.  
Nathan Goodyear

Loss of androgen receptor expression is not associated with pathological stage, grade, ... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...abstract

bladder cancer bladder cancer androgen receptor androgen receptors androgen receptor

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jan 15
     
    multi-center study finds no association between androgen receptor expression and invasive bladder cancer.  There was also no difference between male and female in androgen receptor expression.
Nathan Goodyear

Best practice in the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3263923

bladder cancer bladder cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jan 15
     
    2 year old "best practice" guidelines for bladder cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Promoting effects and mechanisms of action of androgen in bladder c... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...9129932

bladder cancer bladder cancer Testosterone men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15
     
    Another animal study finds Testosterone plays a role in bladder cancer development.  The study used anti androgen and 5 alpha reductase inhibitor therapy to see if these add on therapies provided anything to ADR whether via castration or pituitary suppression--the answer was no.  The authors concluded that Testosterone played more of a role with AR versus the more active 5alpha-DHT metabolite.
Nathan Goodyear

Expression of androgen and oestrogen receptors and its prognostic significance in uroth... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...abstract

AR androgen receptor androgen receptors androgen receptor ER alpha ER-alpha bladder cancer bladder cancer ER-beta ER beta hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jan 15
     
    Study finds that loss of AR and ER-alpha is associated with high grade bladder cancer and ER-beta was positively associated. This has been contradicted by other studies.
Nathan Goodyear

Curcumin Potentiates the Antitumor Effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin agains... - 0 views

cancerres.aacrjournals.org/...8958

curcumin bladder cancer BCG

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Feb 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Feb 21
     
    Curcumin augments BCG effects in bladder cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

In vivo loss-of-function screens identify KPNB1 as a new druggable oncogene in epitheli... - 0 views

www.pnas.org/E7301

Ivermectin cancer ovarian cancer oncogene oncogenes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Mar 18 - No Cached
  • we functionally validated a potent EOC oncogene, KPNB1, and showed its clinical relevance to human EOC
  • a well-established antiparasitic drug, ivermectin, has antitumor effects on EOC through its inhibition of KPNB1
  • EOC has high intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity at the molecular and epigenetic levels
  • ...22 more annotations...
  • the mortality rate of EOC has not been significantly changed for several decades
  • Sequencing revealed that almost all tumors (96%) had mutations in TP53, which serves as a major driver of this cancer
  • Low-prevalence but statistically significant mutations in nine other genes including NF1, BRCA1, BRCA2, RB1, and CDK12 were also identified, but the majority of genes were mutated at low frequency, making it difficult to distinguish between driver and passenger mutations
  • KPNB1 inhibition via any of three KPNB1 siRNAs or importazole treatment induced apoptosis in human EOC cell lines (Fig. 3 A–F and Fig. S4), and was accompanied by an increase in the expression levels of the proapoptotic proteins BAX and cleaved caspase-3
  • Stable overexpression of KPNB1 in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 (Fig. S6) significantly accelerated cell proliferation/survival (Fig. 5 A–C), confirming that KPNB1 functions as an oncogene in EOC
  • KPNB1 overexpression significantly decreased caspase-3/7 activity (Fig. 5D), in addition to the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and BAX proteins (Fig. 5E). KPNB1 overexpression also decreased p21 and p27 protein levels (Fig. 5E), as opposed to their increase by KPNB1 inhibition
  • KPNB1 functions as an antiapoptotic and proproliferative oncogene in EOC.
  • Patients with higher expression levels of KPNB1 showed earlier recurrence and worse prognosis than those with lower expression levels of KPNB1
  • KPNB1 acts as an oncogene in human EOC and represents a promising therapeutic target.
  • ivermectin treatment suppressed cell proliferation/viability in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 7A), indicating that it exerts an antitumor effect on EOC
  • ivermectin also induced apoptosis
  • ivermectin increased the expression levels of BAX, and cleaved PARP, as well as p21 and p27
  • KPNB1 inhibition is responsible for the antitumor effect of ivermectin
  • we found that ivermectin synergistically reduced cell proliferation/viability in combination with paclitaxel in human EOC cells
  • Single treatment of ivermectin or paclitaxel reduced tumor growth in nude mice, but, notably, combination treatment of ivermectin and paclitaxel almost completely suppressed tumor growth
  • ERBB2, is amplified and overexpressed in many cancers, including breast (31), ovary (31), colon (32), bladder (33), non-small-cell lung (34), and gastric cancer (35), and is a poor prognostic factor in certain cancer types
  • KPNB1 was the second-highest-ranked gene identified in our screen
  • Increased KPNB1 protein levels have been reported in several cancers, including cervical cancer (42), hepatocellular carcinoma (43), and glioma (44), suggesting KPNB1’s oncogenic potential in these tumor types
  • our findings suggest that KPNB1 might serve as a master regulator of cell cycle by regulating several cell cycle-related proteins, including p21, p27, and APC/C family members
  • higher and/or more-frequent doses of ivermectin than currently approved for humans are well tolerated in humans
  • none of the mice in this study treated with the effective dosage of ivermectin for in vivo anticancer therapy showed severe adverse event
  • we found that the combination of ivermectin and paclitaxel produces a stronger antitumor effect on EOC cell lines than either drug alone
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Mar 18
     
    Ivermectin found to be pro-apoptotic for the epithelial ovarian cancer oncogene, KPNB1 in in Vivo study.  This effective anti-parasitic drug inhibits the KPNB1 oncogene.
Nathan Goodyear

http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/51/5/1366.full.pdf - 0 views

cancerres.aacrjournals.org/...1366.full.pdf

bladder cancer bladder cancer DHEA DHEAS DHEA-S

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jan 15
     
    low DHEA and DHEAS is associated with increased risk of bladder cancer in both sexes.  
Nathan Goodyear

Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin against Bladder Cancer: A Review of Possible Molecular ... - 0 views

www.eurekaselect.com/...article

bladder cancer curcumin

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Feb 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Feb 21
     
    Curcumin has broad anti-bladder cancer properties.
Nathan Goodyear

Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and cancer risk: results from the EPIC-Italy stu... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...s41598-017-09498-2

glucose glycemic index glycemic load cancer diabetes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Sep 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Sep 17
     
    High glycemic index diet was found to be associated with increased risk of colon and bladder cancer where as a high glycemic load was associated with increased risk of colon cancer and other diabetes-related cancers.
Nathan Goodyear

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine | Full text | Frankincense oil derived from ... - 0 views

www.biomedcentral.com/...6

Frankincense Boswellia cancer bladder tumor

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Apr 12
     
    Frankincense (Boswellia Carteri) shown to have anticancer properties.  This article looked at Frankincense and bladder cancer.
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