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adrenal androgens contribute to ADT resistant prostate cancer as precursors to T and DHT production.

DHT metabolite 3-beta androstanediol inhibits prostate cancer via its interaction with ER beta not AR.  This study finds increased E-cadherin transcription to reduce metastasis.  Estrogen was not active, according to this study.  This implies that estrogen in early disease may have a different signal than late.

study finds estrogen metabolites are involved in carcinogenesis through the production of toxic metabolites 3,4 quinones.  The presence of Estrogen receptors were associated with increased tumor growth. ER was in fact ER alpha.  What is interesting is that ER beta is not expressed these ERKO animals.  This again points to ER beta's anti proliferative action.

The literature on Testosterone and breast cancer is confusing at best, but just like therapy in men, it needs to be individualized.  This prospective case study found a significant increased odds of breast cancer in women with higher levels of free Testosterone.  Statistical significance was not found with Total Testosterone.  These were endogenous hormones.  The women in this study had "regular menstrual cycles" suggesting these women lacked PCOS.

Very interesting study finds that a single value assessment of androgens, DHEAS, prolactin, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 can be used to assess 3 year average in pre-menopause women.  Estrogen and progesterone need to be assessed through the cycle.

Study finds that elevated serum Testosterone and androstenedione is associated with an increase risk of breast cancer.  This EPIC study looked at serum hormones in premenopausal women.  This study also found an association with increased breast cancer and low serum progesterone in women.  This was also found in the ORDET study.  This study did not find a link with estrogen.  These are endogenous levels.  Does this translate to exogenous? This theory of elevated androgens and breast cancer was first proposed by Grattarola.

Prospective study finds that elevated total and free Estradiol levels in the follicular phase and elevated total and free Testosterone levels in both the follicular and luteal phase are associated with increased breast cancer in women.  The risk is for pre menopause in this study.  This and several other studies point to serious questions about the massive dosing of Testosterone via pellets, injections, and topicals for libido.  We appear to be following the same patter as seen with premarin, provera, now Testosterone in men and this may be the next ball to drop.  Is the Testosterone therapy merely producing an environment that feeds breast cancer?

Women with elevated androgens, Testosterone and androstenedione, are at higher risk of preeclampsia.  This translates to a higher risk of CVD in women later in life, post pregnancy.  This fits with other literature that CVD is linearly associated with a rising Testosterone.  This has been found in caucasian and black women.

long-term glucocorticoid therapy commonly produces long-term adrenal suppression.

Gleason score of prostate cancer not found to be associated with hormone levels in this study.

Balance of Testosterone and Estradiol plays role in prostate disease.   With age in men comes declining Testosterone, yet estrogen productions stay the same to increase.  This significantly alters the estrogen receptors and prostate disease risk.

The genesis of cancer is complex.  To simply say that cancer is genetic is both niave and uninformed.  This study displays the complexity of the timing of hormones and cancer genesis.  This rat study found that Estradiol added to Testosterone increased "markedly".  Estrogen plays a role in the genesis of prostate disease.  However, this varies among individuals.  The response of prostate cancer to estradiol appears to change according to the progression of the cancer.

This study confirms what we know about Testosterone, but this study finds that Estradiol aids libido and fat loss.  The conclusion on Estradiol I believe to be extremely premature.  First, it flies in the face of all the accumulative data on estradiol, second, what normal physiology is being replicated with goserelin???  Goserelin has been shown to decrease Prolactin which can effect libido also.  What about the potential there?  The men included in the study were described as "healthy".  So, you are taking "healthy" normal funcitoning men, throwing in a monkey wrench and looking at the effects of your monkey wrench.  Sorry, not physiologic.  In all my practice, I have seen one man with low Estradiol levels.  There is no reference to the hormone levels in the men preceding the suppression with goserelin.  This is a study that lacks application.

Prospective cohort finds that "low free and bioavailable testosterone" associated with increased mortality in men.

plasma and salivary cortisol and Testosterone correlate in study of study assessing overreaching.

Just the abstract is available, but this article reported that older men with higher Testosterone healed slower post surgery.

Women with the highest progesterone levels during pregnancy have an inverse low breast cancer risk.  This association was found with premenopausal breast cancer.  The reduction was upwards of 70%.  One fault of this study is the use of serum hormone levels.  

head to head study in rhesus monkeys finds that medroxyprogesterone acetate negates the positive vascular effects of estradiol.  This is in contrast to the bioidentical progesterone.

Total and free Estradiol associated with increased CRP in men.  This study found that it also correlated with WBC count as well.   Not new, but builds on the accumulative literature that high aromatase activity and estrogen production in men produces inflammation.

abstract only, but the article is a good review of DHEA metabolism