Group items tagged

Study results suggest that higher Testosterone and lower Estrogen levels provide anti-inflammatory effects in men.  The inflammatory biomarker assessed here was CRP.  Low total and calculated free Testosterone was associated with an increase in CRP.  In contrast, total and free Estrogen was associated with an increase in CRP.  Estradiol increased WBC count and SHBG was inversely related to WBC count in this study.

new study finds that men >65 with low libido and Testosterone levels < 275 increase sexual function with Testosterone therapy.  Only libido was improved; no benefit to erectile function was noted--note that is likely due to depleted NO.  Given time that should improve with he increase in NO synthase and thus NO.  I have a fault with on elf the comments on this study: they point out that increased free Testosterone and estradiol levels were associated with improved sexual activity.  This lacks an understanding of the physiology.  In men with low T > 65, the majority are dealing with inflammation and excess weight; all of which increase aromatase activity and thus estradiol activity.  This does not indicate that an increase in estradiol activity is associated with improved libido in men.  How can elevated estrogen levels lead to low T and then increase levels are associated with improved libido?  This is merely a reflection of the body's dysfunctional physiology.  This observation of increased estradiol by no means shows cause and effect.  Scientists need to due a better job in vetting what they write!

Study points to association of low Estradiol and spermatogenesis in males in infertile couples.  The authors eluded to the association of low Estradiol with low Testosterone, and BMI which is the likely etiology.  Low BMI will result in low aromatase activity.  For men, the majority of Estradiol production occurs from Testosterone via aromatase activity.  Estradiol likely exists in a "U" shaped pattern of benefit: to low hinders optimal physiologic function and contributes to inflammation and disease in men.

elevated estradiol associated with increased inflammation symptoms in men with RA. Not found with estrone.

aromatase activity is present in the prostate.  The conversion of Testosterone to Estradiol via aromatase activity has been shown to contribute to inflammation and prostate enlargement.

Total and free Estradiol associated with increased CRP in men.  This study found that it also correlated with WBC count as well.   Not new, but builds on the accumulative literature that high aromatase activity and estrogen production in men produces inflammation.

study shows that over expression of aromatase activity and resultant increased estradiol/estrone production increases prostatitis and plays a role in prostate cancer.  

increased estradiol and estrone levels in men associated with cognitive decline.  This was distinct from age, CVD, and APOE genotype.  This points to a clear association between increased aromatase activity and inflammation that contributes to cognitive decline in men.

Study points to obesity and low Testosterone contribution of neuroinflammation.  No effect of body weight was seen with TRT.  This animal model found similar positive effects of TRT in insulin sensitivity.  Obesity and low T increase inflammatory cytokine production: this study found an increase in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and TRT reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta to near base-line.  Testosterone is neuroprotective and this study reviewed the small volume of evaded that pointed to benefit from estradiol.  Testosterone's effect on glial survival was positive but not significant.  Obesity and low T were found to be associated with increased macrophage infiltration in the PNS with increased TNF-alpha and IL-1beta.   Testosterone therapy improved peripheral neuropathy via its positive effects on nocicieption.

Increased aromatase activity is found in BPH.  PGE2 increases aromatase activity and thus increases Estradiol production in the stroma of the prostate.

Study shows that estradiol decreases ER beta in the prostate. ER beta is anti-inflammatory, inhibits growth, and promotes cell death: all of which would decrease risk of prostate growth and/or cancer.   We know that men increase estrogen production through increased aromatase activity, which according to this study, will decrease ER beta and the prostate associated benefits.

Study shows that decreased androgens up regulates estrogen receptor alpha.  ER alpha promotes growth preferentially over ER beta, and is inflammatory.  Thus in the picture of low T, increased aromatase activity and thus increase Estradiol/Estrone production, we should not be surprised to find increased stimulus for prostate growth.

Estradiol (E2) shown to be neuroprotective in those with microglial excitotoxicity diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.  this study looked at a rat model.  The effect was not through inhibition of NF-kappaB, but through MAP kinase.

Awesome review on the current understanding of Testosterone and Diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and CVD.  This article even goes into the literature on androgen receptors.

Estrogens appear to have an immune stimulatory effect in the presence of inflammatory cytokines.  The estrogens appear to increase inflammation through activation of NFkappaB.  But of course, not all estrogens are equal.  This article is primarily referencing E2.  I would expect E1 due to its preference for ER alpha, but not E3, due to its ER beta preference.

high conversion of testosterone to estrogen conversion in men is from increased aromatase activity.  Inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-alpha, has been shown to increase aromatase activity and at the same time increase IL-6 and other inflammatory cytokines is the result of increased aromatase activity.

to be read