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Nathan Goodyear

Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism | Testosterone and ill-health in ag... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...ncpendmet1050.html

low T Testosterone health men male hormone hormones metabolic syndrome metabolic syndrome MetS insulin resistance diabetes aging

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Levels of total and bioavailable testosterone and SHBG were reported to be inversely correlated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in men aged 40–80 years
  • as were total testosterone and SHBG in men aged 65–96 years
  • and in a cross-sectional analysis of a large cohort of non-diabetic men aged 70–89 years
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • In longitudinal studies, decreased levels of total testosterone and SHBG predicted an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome in nonobese men
  • Free testosterone level is not associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older men
  • Levels of free, bioavailable and total testosterone are lower in men with T2DM than in age-matched controls,34, 35 and decreased total testosterone level predicts incident T2DM in middle-aged men.
  • men with T2DM commonly have low total or free testosterone levels
  • Total, bioavailable and free testosterone levels are inversely correlated with fasting insulin level and insulin resistance in middle-aged men without T2DM
  • total testosterone is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in men with normal or impaired glucose tolerance or T2DM
  • low SHBG level is more strongly associated with metabolic syndrome than low total testosterone in aging men
  • the recognized association between low SHBG level and insulin resistance
  • Low levels of SHBG are also associated with smaller, denser LDL-cholesterol molecules in nondiabetic men,58 and were found to predict increased cardiovascular disease mortality in one study of older men
  • Low levels of SHBG might reflect obesity, insulin resistance and overall poor health
  • Compared with those who have normal testosterone levels, men aged 40 years or more with total testosterone levels <9.8 nmol/l or elevated LH level have greater CIMT
  • In men aged 73–94 years, total testosterone was inversely correlated with CIMT
  • a prospective analysis of men aged 73–91 years, progression of CIMT was not related to total testosterone level, but it was inversely related to free testosterone level
  • A study of men aged 55 years or more found that those with total and bioavailable testosterone levels in the highest tertile had a lower risk of severe aortic atherosclerosis (detected by radiography as abdominal aortic calcification) than those with the lowest testosterone levels.
  • a large study of men aged 69–80 years, those with total or free testosterone in the lowest quartile had increased odds of lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease
  • the possibility of reverse causation has to be considered, as systemic illness can result in decreased testosterone levels
  • previous case–control studies and longitudinal studies have failed to identify low testosterone levels as strong predictors of clinically significant coronary disease
  • Reviews of trials on testosterone therapy in men with either low or low-to-normal testosterone levels have not shown consistent beneficial effects either on lipid profiles or on actual cardiovascular events.24, 54, 55 These trials, however, have not been designed or powered to detect treatment-related differences in cardiovascular outcome
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14
     
    Declining Testosterone or low Testosterone is clearly associated with poor health in men.   Very nice review of the association between low Testosterone and metabolic dysfunction.  Low T is associated with increased metabolic syndrome, Diabetes, weight gain, insulin resistance...
Nathan Goodyear

Diet-induced obesity and low testosterone increase neuroinflammation and impair neural ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4190446

Testosterone neuroinflammation glia insulin resistance obesity diabetes brain CNS PNS inflammation low T low Testosterone TNF-alpha IL-1beta

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • both obesity and low testosterone are also risk factors for neural dysfunction, including cognitive impairment [58–61] and development of AD
  • Levels of obesity and testosterone are often inversely correlated
  • diet-induced obesity causes significant metabolic disturbances and impairs central and peripheral nervous systems.
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • both obesity and low testosterone are linked with promotion of inflammatory pathways [70–72] and exert harmful actions on the central [73–75] and peripheral [29,76] nervous systems
  • In general, obesity-related changes were worsened by low testosterone and improved by testosterone treatment; however, this relationship was not statistically significant in several instances. Further, our data suggest that a common pathway that may contribute to obesity and testosterone effects is regulation of inflammation
  • fasting blood glucose levels were independently and additively increased by GDX-induced testosterone depletion and high-fat diet
  • testosterone treatment significantly reduced fasting glucose under both the normal and high-fat diets, demonstrating potential therapeutic efficacy of testosterone supplementation
  • fasting insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA index), and glucose tolerance, low testosterone tended to exacerbate and or testosterone treatment improved outcomes.
  • testosterone status did not significantly affect body weight
  • testosterone’s effects likely do not indicate an indirect result on adiposity but rather regulatory action(s) on other aspects of metabolic homeostasis
  • Prior work in rodents has shown diet-induced obesity induces insulin resistance in rat brain [63] and that testosterone replacement improves insulin sensitivity in obese rats [64]. Our findings are consistent with the human literature, which indicates that (i) testosterone levels are inversely correlated to insulin resistance and T2D in healthy [30,65] as well as obese men [66], and (ii) androgen therapy can improve some metabolic measures in overweight men with low testosterone
  • it has been shown that TNFα has inhibitory effects on neuron survival, differentiation, and neurite outgrowth
  • Our data demonstrate that low testosterone and obesity independently increased cerebrocortical mRNA levels of both TNFα and IL-1β
  • Testosterone status also affected metabolic and neural measures
  • many beneficial effects of testosterone, including inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression
  • neuroprotection [80,81], are dependent upon androgen receptors, the observed effects of testosterone in this study may involve androgen receptor activation
  • testosterone can be converted by the enzyme aromatase into estradiol, which is also known to exert anti-inflammatory [82] and neuroprotective [83] actions
  • glia are the primary sources of proinflammatory molecules in the CNS
  • poorer survival of neurons grown on glia from mice maintained on high-fat diet
  • Since testosterone can affect glial function [86] and improve neuronal growth and survival [87–89], it was unexpected that testosterone status exhibited rather modest effects on neural health indices with the only significant response being an increase in survival in the testosterone-treated, high-fat diet group
  • significantly increased expression of TNFα and IL-1β in glia cultures derived from obese mice
  • testosterone treatment significantly lowered TNFα and IL-1β expression to near basal levels even in obese mice, indicating a protective benefit of testosterone across diet conditions
  • IL-1β treatment has been shown to induce synapse loss and inhibit differentiation of neurons
  • Testosterone status and diet-induced obesity were associated with significant regulation of macrophage infiltration
  • testosterone prevented and/or restored thermal nociception in both diet groups
  • a possible mechanism by which obesity and testosterone levels may affect the health of both CNS and PNS
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15
     
    Study points to obesity and low Testosterone contribution of neuroinflammation.  No effect of body weight was seen with TRT.  This animal model found similar positive effects of TRT in insulin sensitivity.  Obesity and low T increase inflammatory cytokine production: this study found an increase in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and TRT reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta to near base-line.  Testosterone is neuroprotective and this study reviewed the small volume of evaded that pointed to benefit from estradiol.  Testosterone's effect on glial survival was positive but not significant.  Obesity and low T were found to be associated with increased macrophage infiltration in the PNS with increased TNF-alpha and IL-1beta.   Testosterone therapy improved peripheral neuropathy via its positive effects on nocicieption.
Nathan Goodyear

Overactivation of S6 Kinase 1 as a Cause of Human Insulin Resistance During Increased A... - 0 views

diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/...2674

high protein diet dietary insulin resistance

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Oct 13
     
    High protein intake can lead to insulin resistance.  Glucose regulation by insulin and skeletal muscle removal of glucose is disrupted by high amino acid intake through disruption of secondary insulin signaling.
Nathan Goodyear

What dietary modification best improves insulin sensitivity and why? - Weickert - 2012 ... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...full

high protein diet insulin resistance nutrition exercise

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • cereal-fibre intake, under isoenergetic conditions, improves whole-body IR in both short-term and more prolonged studies
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Oct 13
     
    Great review of macronutrients and insulin resistance.  Caloric reduction plus exercise still the best method to reduce insulin resistance.   Long-term high protein intake increases insulin resistance.
Nathan Goodyear

ScienceDirect - Trends in Immunology : Inflammation: the link between insulin resistanc... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/science

inflammation obesity insulin resistance diabetes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Inflammation: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes
  • Chronic overnutrition (obesity) might thus be a proinflammatory state with oxidative stress. Secondly, the increased concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6, associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, might interfere with insulin action by suppressing insulin signal transduction. This might interfere with the anti-inflammatory effect of insulin, which in turn might promote inflammation.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Mar 11
     
    Inflammation: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes
Nathan Goodyear

Vitamin D and diabetes - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2426990

vitamin D insulin resistance insulin sensitivity metformin

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Dec 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Dec 15
     
    vitamin D in those with vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance have improved insulin sensitivity.  The doses used in the case studies presented are low.  This article highlights the fact that vitamin D outperforms metformin in improved insulin sensitivity.
Nathan Goodyear

Relationship Between Testosterone Levels, Insulin Sensitivity, and Mitochondrial Functi... - 0 views

care.diabetesjournals.org/...1636.long

testosterone insulin sensitivity insulin resistance mitochondria

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Jul 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Jul 13
     
    Testosterone and insulin resistance.  Testosterone improves insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function.
Nathan Goodyear

Adrenocortical dysregulation as a major player in insulin resistance and onset of obesity - 0 views

ajpendo.physiology.org/...E1465.long

cortisol insulin resistance metabolic syndrome obesity overweight

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • acute GC secretion during stress mobilizes peripheral amino acids from muscle as well as fatty acids and glycerol from peripheral fat stores to provide substrates for glucose synthesis by the liver
  • chronically elevated GC levels alter body fat distribution and increase visceral adiposity as well as metabolic abnormalities in a fashion reminiscent of metabolic syndrome
  • This local production may play an important role in the onset of obesity and insulin resistance.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • In adipocytes, cortisol inhibits lipid mobilization in the presence of insulin, thus leading to triglyceride accumulation and retention.
  • Since the density of GC receptors is higher in intra-abdominal (visceral) fat than in other fat depots, the activity of cortisol leading to accumulation of fat is accentuated in visceral adipose tissue (24, 158), providing a mechanism by which excessive endogenous or exogenous GC lead to abdominal obesity and IR
  • obese patients generally have normal or subnormal plasma cortisol concentrations
  • This may be explained by an increased intratissular/cellular concentration of cortisol in adipose tissues
  • Intracellular GC may be produced from recycling of GC metabolites such as cortisone in adipose tissues
  • Local GC recycling metabolism is mediated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes (11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2
  • Cortisol also increases 11β-HSD1 expression in human adipocytes
  • In humans, elevated 11β-HSD1 expression in visceral adipose tissue is also associated with obesity
  • even if obese patients generally have normal or subnormal plasma cortisol concentrations (131, 158), triglyceride accumulation in visceral adipose tissue may be due, at least in part, to the local production of GC in insulin- and GC-responsive organs such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Mar 12
     
    another nice article on the dysregulation of cortisol and its role in insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and obesity.
Nathan Goodyear

Insulin Up-Regulates Natriuretic Peptide Clearance Receptor Expression in the Subcutane... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...E731.abstract

insulin insulin resistance obesity overweight NP natriuretic peptide cardiovascular disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 May 12
     
    elevated insulin in insulin resistance decreases circulating Natriuretic peptide.  This provides a direct link between obesity and cardiovascular disease
Nathan Goodyear

D-Chiro-Inositol - Its Functional Role in Insulin Action and its Deficit in Insulin Res... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2478565

D-chiro-inositiol IR insulin resistance sensitivity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Nov 11
     
    d-chiro-inositol improves insulin sensitivity and thus reduces insulin resistance
Nathan Goodyear

Nutritional Modulation of Insulin Resistance - 0 views

www.hindawi.com/...424780

macronutrient macronutrients nutrition insulin resistance glucose protein carbohydrates metabolism fats

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Five branched chain and aromatic amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) showed significant associations with future diabetes
  • there is increasing evidence that longer term high-protein intake may have detrimental effects on insulin resistance [68, 117–123], diabetes risk [69], and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease
  • high-protein and the high GI diets significantly increased markers of low-grade inflammation
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • significant and clinically relevant worsening of insulin sensitivity with an isoenergetic plant-based high-protein diet
  • healthy humans that are exposed to amino acid infusions rapidly develop insulin resistance
  • longer term high-protein intake has been shown to result in whole-body insulin resistance [68, 118], associated with upregulation of factors involved in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/S6K1 signalling pathway [68], increased stimulation of glucagon and insulin within the endocrine pancreas, high glycogen turnover [118] and stimulation of gluconeogenesis [68, 118].
  • it was recently shown in a large prospective cohort with 10 years followup that consuming 5% of energy from both animal and total protein at the expense of carbohydrates or fat increases diabetes risk by as much as 30% [69]. This reinforces the theory that high-protein diets can have adverse effects on glucose metabolism.
  • Another recent study showed that low-carbohydrate high-protein diets, used on a regular basis and without consideration of the nature of carbohydrates or the source of proteins, are also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease [70], thereby indicating a potential link between high-protein Western diets, T2DM, and cardiovascular risk.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Oct 13
     
    macronutrient intake and effect on glucose regulation and thus metabolism.
Nathan Goodyear

Measurement of fasting salivary insulin and its relationship with serum insulin in chil... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3681320

saliva insulin hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Apr 15
     
    Salivary insulin correlates well with serum insulin.
Nathan Goodyear

Role of inositolphosphoglycan mediators of insulin... [J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2000... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...11117673

inositolphosphoglycan insulin d-chiro-inositol PCOS resistance hyperandrogenism

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 May 11 - No Cached
  • some actions of insulin are mediated by putative inositolphosphoglycan (IPG) mediators
  • known as second messengers
  • echanism by which insulin can stimulate ovarian androgen production even in women with PCOS
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • a deficiency in a specific D-chiro-inositol-containing IPG may contribute to insulin resistance in women with PCOS
  • IPG signaling system transduces insulin's stimulation of human thecal androgen biosynthesis
  • administration of D-chiro-inositol has been demonstrated to improve glucose tolerance, decrease serum androgens and improve ovulation in PCOS
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 May 11
     
    D-chiro-inositol deficiency and its role in PCOS, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism
Nathan Goodyear

Fifty- two-Week Treatment With Diet and Exercise Plus Transdermal Testosterone Reverses... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...full

diet exercise nutrition diabetes metabolic syndrome men male hormone hormones low T low Testosterone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • there appears to be a positive correlation between serum testosterone levels and insulin sensitivity in men across the full spectrum of glucose tolerance (Pitteloud et al, 2005), and this relationship is at least partially direct and not fully dependent on (changes in) elements of the MetS
  • supervised D&E alone led to significant improvements in testosterone concentrations, glycemic control, and components of the MetS
  • diet control, exercise, and testosterone supplementation may be beneficial in the management of men with T2D
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • androgen-deprivation therapy in males with prostatic cancer may be associated with an increased risk for T2D, which may be caused by negative effects on insulin sensitivity
  • insulin sensitivity, measured by HOMA, improved in both groups and with a significantly greater degree when testosterone was added to supervised D&E
  • Fasting insulin concentrations, a good representative of insulin sensitivity, did show a significant correlation with changes in circulating androgen levels, an observation in support of Pitteloud et al (2005), who showed a direct relationship between insulin sensitivity and circulating testosterone concentrations using the hyper-insulinemic euglycemic clamp technique
  • 52 weeks of testosterone treatment also significantly improved circulation levels of adiponectin and hsCRP, key serum markers of insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis
  • The changes in both adiponectin and hsCRP were significantly correlated with the therapy-induced changes in bioavailable testosterone
  • a negative correlation was found between hsCRP levels and bioavailable testosterone
  • serum PSA concentrations did not differ between the 2 treatment groups, indicating that short-term testosterone administration appears to be acceptably safe
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Mar 15
     
    Study of men with metabolic syndrome and type II Diabetes finds that diet and exercise alone improved glucose control and metabolic syndrome components by 31%.  The addition of Testosterone therapy increased this % to 81%.
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone Replacement on Insulin Sensitivity and Lipids in Hypoa... - 0 views

diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/...765.long

DHEA hypoadrenia adrenal fatiuge insulin resistance insulin resistance sensitivity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 14
     
    Study finds 50 mg of DHEA improves insulin sensitivity in Hypoadrenal women.  The authors also found and increase in DHEAS, bioavailable T, androstenedione, and a reduced SHBG, insulin, and glucagon.
Nathan Goodyear

Diabetes Care - 0 views

care.diabetesjournals.org/...e147

diabetes K vitamin K vitamin K2 insulin insulin sensitivity insulin resistance

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Jun 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Jun 17
     
    supplementation of Vitamin K2 in healthy men improved insulin sensitivity.  The question of whether it improves insulin sensitivity in unhealthy men and/or diabetes is not confirmed here.
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/v24/n2s/pdf/0801281a.pdf?origin=publication_detail - 0 views

www.nature.com/...0801281a.pdf

SHBG IR insulin resistance insulin Estrogen Estradiol obesity hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Mar 15
     
    Elevated insulin levels in men is associated with decreased liver production of SHBG and thus reduced SHBG levels.  Obesity is associated with decreased urinary cortisol in this study.  The authors found the low cortisol also contributed to the low SHBG as well. Low SHBG is associated with puberty, obesity, IR, hypothyroidism, and during androgen therapy.  SHBG is increased as a result of aging, short-term fasting, Estrogen, hyperthyroid, and liver disease.
Nathan Goodyear

Low-Dose Chemotherapy with Insulin (Insulin Potentiation Therapy) in Combination with H... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3357525

prostate cancer IPTLD low-dose chemotherapy cancer chemotherapy insulin potentiation therapy LDMC low-dose metronomic chemotherapy IPT

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Jan 18 - No Cached
  • The method of insulin potentiation therapy was empirically invented in 1930 from Mexican doctor D. Perez Garsia
  • increases the permeability of cell membrane
  • influences the metabolic processes in human body with the increase of the regenerating processes
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • facilitates the transport of intra and extra cellular liquids which helps the organism to eliminate the toxic products
  • The increased number of insulin receptors on the tumor cell, in comparison to the normal one, allows the before mentioned 2 factors to act predominantly
  • Increased permeability after the insulin effect on the cellular membrane results in increased intracellular quantity of antitumor agents
  • have other endocrine effects: directly stimulates suprarenal gland to produce epinephrine and glucocorticoid hormones and stimulates ACTH secretion. These endocrine effects also have a positive influence on the regenerating processes
  • Insulin influences the intracellular metabolism of the tumor cell, which leads to increase of the number of cells in phase S, where they are with highly sensitive to specific chemotherapeutics.
  • After the first 6 IPT applications overall (groups A and B) response to treatment on PSA criteria shows partial effect and stabilization in 12 of 16 (75%) patients
  • After the 10th IPTLD application or 3 months after starting treatment, complete response, partial response, and stabilization were observed in 4 of 9 (66.6%), while in 3 of 9 (33.3%) was registered complete effect
  • the advanced stage of disease in patients treated
  • Quality of life after the second IPTLD application is significantly improved
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 Jan 18
     
    IPT found to be effextive in treated castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Mortality and Other Important Diabetes-Related Outcomes With Insulin vs Other Antihyper... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...668.abstract

diabetes type II DM type II diabetes insulin mortality cancer cmoplications

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Feb 13
     
    Insulin therapy in people with type II diabetes shown to increase complications, cancer, and mortality.  The reason?  Insulin is not the problem.  Treat the cause.  Diabetes can not be properly managed without dietary changes and weight loss.
Nathan Goodyear

Effects of Resveratrol on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placeb... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jc.2016-1858

resveratrol PCOS polycystic ovarian syndrome Testosterone DHEA hormones women insulin sensitivity insulin

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Nov 16
     
    Only abstract available.  Resveratrol found to reduce total Testosterone by 23% and DHEAS by 22% in women with PCOS;  a decrease in insulin by 32% and improved insulin sensitivity was also noted.
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