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Nathan Goodyear

PLOS ONE: Depletion of Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid Impairs Recovery from Traumatic Brain... - 0 views

journals.plos.org/...article

DHA TBI traumatic brain injury omega 3 brain injury brain omega-3

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 31 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • The polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic (LA, 18:2n-6) and linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3) are essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the body.
  • LNA serves as the precursor for long chain omega-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) while LA is converted into long chain omega-6 fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (AA)
  • DHA and AA are abundantly found in the brain, where these are stored mainly in membrane phospholipids
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • DHA has been shown to increase neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis, and promotes glutamatergic neurotransmission through increase in glutamate receptor subunit expression
  • DHA has been shown to be converted to anti-inflammatory, proresolving and neuroprotective mediators, such as resolvins [7] and protectins
  • AA is converted by cyclooxygenases into 2-series prostaglandins and 4-series leukotrienes, most of which exert pro-inflammatory effects
  • Supplementation of DHA exerts neuroprotective effects and has been reported to afford protection from diffuse axonal injury [11] and mixed brain injury [12] as well
  • severe depletion of membrane DHA in the brain renders mice significantly more susceptible to TBI and impairs recovery following the injury
  • Omega-3 fatty acids may serve as nutraceutical agents and precondition the brain to make it more resilient to injury
  • it can be suggested that enriching DHA in the brain may be prophylactic and protective against brain injury
  • severe DHA deficiency in the brain impairs functional recovery from TBI in terms of vestibulo-motor and cognitive deficits
  • DHA deficiency further elevates TBI-induced production of SBDPs
  • less neurons were found around the injury site of DHA deficient brain after TBI compared to the omega-3 fatty acid adequate group
  • Nathan Goodyear on 31 Aug 15
     
    mouse study finds prolonged recovery in DHA deficient mice compared to controls.
Nathan Goodyear

ω-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation as a Potential Therapeutic Aid for the Recover... - 0 views

advances.nutrition.org/...268.full

omega 3 DHA EPA fish oil TBI traumatic brain injury concussions concussion brain injury

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • There is a growing body of preclinical literature suggesting that ω-3 FAs, and DHA in particular, may play a therapeutic role in mTBI
  • the potential for ameliorating or possibly even preventing the complications associated with concussions
  • DHA is the predominant ω-3 FA present in the brain, and, consistent with this finding, DHA, and not EPA, has been demonstrated to be critical for brain development and cognitive function throughout life
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • the concentration of EPA in the brain is negligible (77–80), suggesting that EPA plays a limited role in mediating the beneficial effects of LCPUFA supplementation on mTBI pathology
  • the current state of the science regarding LCPUFA supplementation for the treatment of concussion is based primarily on animal models
  • there is evidence that the amount of DHA in brain tissue is decreased after mTBI (65, 66), suggesting an elevated need for DHA in mTBI recovery.
  • the well-established role of DHA in supporting the structure and function of the brain throughout the lifespan (26, 27, 46, 47, 53) provides encouragement that LCPUFAs may also prove beneficial in the context of concussion recovery.
  • no therapies are currently available to aid the recovery from this injury
  • Previously discussed reports outlining the use of ω-3 FAs in the recovery from severe TBIs (reviewed in Ref. 92) described the use of very-high doses of LCPUFAs (16.2 g/d EPA plus DHA) in the recovery of these patients
  • Within the context of mTBIs/concussions, translating a DHA intake used in several rat studies of mTBI recovery (40 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ d−1 DHA) (57, 63, 64) using body surface area conversion methods (93) amounts to an estimated human intake of 387 mg/d DHA
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 15
     
    nice review of the evidence of n-3, particularily DHA, in concussions and concussion recovery.
Nathan Goodyear

Dietary Strategy to Repair Plasma Membrane After Brain Trauma - 0 views

nnr.sagepub.com/...75.full

BDNF curcumin DHA TBI concussion brain injury traumatic brain injury

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • strategies directed to preserve phospholipids in the plasma membrane such as the use of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3; DHA)5 can have beneficial effects for post-TBI recovery
  • DHA is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the brain
  • Curcumin provided in the diet before TBI can reduce oxidative damage and counteract TBI-related cognitive dysfunction.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Our previous study indicated that n-3 fatty acids supplemented in the diet counteracted learning disability after TBI
  • There was a significant group effect on BDNF (F 4,25 = 5.229, P < .01 by ANOVA), and FPI reduced BDNF levels (50% of CTL, P < .01; Figure 1C), which was counteracted by DHA supplementation (90% of CTL, P < .05; Figure 1C). Curcumin also counteracted this reduction of BDNF
  • The combination of curcumin and DHA had a trend of greater effects in BDNF (117% of CTL; Figure 1C) compared with DHA or curcumin alone.
  • curcumin contributed to enhance the action of DHA, protecting against cognitive impairment, and these effects were associated with elevations in the BDNF receptor signaling
  • Our current results show that curcumin contributes to enhance the effects of DHA on TBI by promoting phosphorylation of the BDNF receptor TrkB in the hippocampus.
  • previous evidence indicates that curcumin10 and DHA5 counteract TBI-related learning disability by involving BDNF
  • The effects of the DHA diet and curcumin on cognitive enhancement were consistent with enhanced elevations in BDNF receptor signaling
  • effects of DHA and curcumin up to 2 weeks after TBI because this is the most critical period for the course of injury recovery because the brain is metabolically dysfunctional during this time
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 15
     
    study that finds curcumin + DHA increased cognitive improvement after TBI within 2 weeks.  Good discussion of the proposed mechanism--increased BDNF.
Nathan Goodyear

Dietary Strategy to Repair Plasma Membrane After Brain Trauma - 0 views

nnr.sagepub.com/...75.long

curcumin DHA TBI traumatic brain injury brain injury neuroinflammation BDNF brain derived neurotrophic factor brain

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 31 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • concussive brain injury is a major cause of neuropsychological disability in spite of no obvious neuronal death
  • TBI elicits oxidative damage to plasma membrane phospholipids
  • DHA is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the brain, where the DHA-containing phospholipids contribute to plasma membrane biogenesis and receptor signaling
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • curcumin has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities that can function to reduce oxidative damage and cognitive deficits associated with neurological disorders
  • Curcumin provided in the diet before TBI can reduce oxidative damage and counteract TBI-related cognitive dysfunction
  • Our previous study indicated that n-3 fatty acids supplemented in the diet counteracted learning disability after TBI
  • curcumin contributes to enhance the effects of DHA on TBI by promoting phosphorylation of the BDNF receptor TrkB in the hippocampus
  • previous evidence indicates that curcumin10 and DHA5 counteract TBI-related learning disability by involving BDNF
  • Our findings indicate that curcumin counteracted the TBI-related reduction in n-3 DPA.
  • curcumin may promote the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA
  • the combination of both nutrients has been reported to produce anti-inflammatory action
  • the enhanced actions of curcumin and DHA in reducing cholesterol levels could be interpreted as preservation of levels of phospholipids in the plasma membrane
  • curcumin and DHA may contribute to reduce inflammation associated with the action of cholesterol in the pathology of TBI.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 31 Aug 15
     
    Curcumin and DHA shown to protect against TBI through a reduction in inflammation and maintenance of brain phospholipid membranes.  BDNF is increases also.
Nathan Goodyear

Stuck at the bench: Potential natural neuroprotective compounds for concussion - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3205506

concussions concussion natural therapies brain curcumin omega 3 resveratrol green tea EGCG EPA DHA vitamin E vitamin c vitamin D

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 16 - No Cached
  • Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are highly enriched in neuronal synaptosomal plasma membranes and vesicles
  • The predominant CNS polyunsaturated fatty acid is DHA
  • effective supplementation and/or increased ingestion of dietary sources rich in EPA and DHA, such as cold-water fish species and fish oil, may help improve a multitude of neuronal functions, including long-term potentiation and cognition.
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  • multiple preclinical studies have suggested that DHA and/or EPA supplementation may have potential benefit through a multitude of diverse, but complementary mechanisms
  • pre-injury dietary supplementation with fish oil effectively reduces post-traumatic elevations in protein oxidation
  • The benefits of pre-traumatic DHA supplementation have not only been independently confirmed,[150] but DHA supplementation has been shown to significantly reduce the number of swollen, disconnected and injured axons when administered following traumatic brain injury.
  • DHA has provided neuroprotection in experimental models of both focal and diffuse traumatic brain injury
  • potential mechanisms of neuroprotection, in addition to DHA and EPA's well-established anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
  • Despite abundant laboratory evidence supporting its neuroprotective effects in experimental models, the role of dietary DHA and/or EPA supplementation in human neurological diseases remains uncertain
  • Several population-based, observational studies have suggested that increased dietary fish and/or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption may reduce risk for ischemic stroke in several populations
  • Randomized control trials have also demonstrated significant reductions in ischemic stroke recurrence,[217] relative risk for ischemic stroke,[2] and reduced incidence of both symptomatic vasospasm and mortality following subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • Clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease have also been largely ineffective
  • The clinical evidence thus far appears equivocal
  • curcumin has gained much attention from Western researchers for its potential therapeutic benefits in large part due to its potent anti-oxidant[128,194,236] and anti-inflammatory properties
  • Curcumin is highly lipophilic and crosses the blood-brain barrier enabling it to exert a multitude of different established neuroprotective effects
  • in the context of TBI, a series of preclinical studies have suggested that pre-traumatic and post-traumatic curcumin supplementation may bolster the brain's resilience to injury and serve as a valuable therapeutic option
  • Curcumin may confer significant neuroprotection because of its ability to act on multiple deleterious post-traumatic, molecular cascades
  • studies demonstrated that both pre- and post-traumatic curcumin administration resulted in a significant reduction of neuroinflammation via inhibition of the pro-inflammatory molecules interleukin 1β and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)
  • no human studies have been conducted with respect to the effects of curcumin administration on the treatment of TBI, subarachnoid or intracranial hemorrhage, epilepsy or stroke
  • studies have demonstrated that resveratrol treatment reduces brain edema and lesion volume, as well as improves neurobehavioral functional performance following TBI
  • green tea consumption or supplementation with its derivatives may bolster cognitive function acutely and may slow cognitive decline
  • At least one population based study, though, did demonstrate that increased green tea consumption was associated with a reduced risk for Parkinson's disease independent of total caffeine intake
  • a randomized, placebo-controlled trial demonstrated that administration of green tea extract and L-theanine, over 16 weeks of treatment, improved indices of memory and brain theta wave activity on electroencephalography, suggesting greater cognitive alertness
  • Other animal studies have also demonstrated that theanine, another important component of green tea extract, exerts a multitude of neuroprotective benefits in experimental models of ischemic stroke,[63,97] Alzheimer's disease,[109] and Parkinson's disease
  • Theanine, like EGCG, contains multiple mechanisms of neuroprotective action including protection from excitotoxic injury[97] and inhibition of inflammation
  • potent anti-oxidant EGCG which is capable of crossing the blood-nerve and blood-brain barrier,
  • Epigallocatechin-3-gallate also displays neuroprotective properties
  • More recent research has suggested that vitamin D supplementation and the prevention of vitamin D deficiency may serve valuable roles in the treatment of TBI and may represents an important and necessary neuroprotective adjuvant for post-TBI progesterone therapy
  • Progesterone is one of the few agents to demonstrate significant reductions in mortality following TBI in human patients in preliminary trials
  • in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that vitamin D supplementation with progesterone administration may significantly enhance neuroprotection
  • Vitamin D deficiency may increase inflammatory damage and behavioral impairment following experimental injury and attenuate the protective effects of post-traumatic progesterone treatment.[37]
  • emerging evidence has suggested that daily intravenous administration of vitamin E following TBI significantly decreases mortality and improves patient outcomes
  • high dose vitamin C administration following injury stabilized or reduced peri-lesional edema and infarction in the majority of patients receiving post-injury treatment
  • it has been speculated that combined vitamin C and E therapy may potentiate CNS anti-oxidation and act synergistically with regards to neuroprotection
  • one prospective human study has found that combined intake of vitamin C and E displays significant treatment interaction and reduces the risk of stroke
  • Pycnogenol has demonstrated the ability to slow or reduce the pathological processes associated with Alzheimer's disease
  • Pcynogenol administration, in a clinical study of elderly patients, led to improved cognition and reductions in markers of lipid peroxidase
  • One other point of consideration is that in neurodegenerative disease states like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where there are high levels of reactive oxygen species generation, vitamin E can tend to become oxidized itself. For maximal effectiveness and to maintain its anti-oxidant capacity, vitamin E must be given in conjunction with other anti-oxidants like vitamin C or flavonoids
  • These various factors might account for the null effects of alpha-tocopherol supplementation in patients with MCI and Alzheimer's disease
  • preliminary results obtained in a pediatric population have suggested that post-traumatic oral creatine administration (0.4 g/kg) given within four hours of traumatic brain injury and then daily thereafter, may improve both acute and long-term outcomes
  • Acutely, post-traumatic creatine administration seemed to reduce duration of post-traumatic amnesia, length of time spent in the intensive care unit, and duration of intubation
  • At three and six months post-injury, subjects in the creatine treatment group demonstrated improvement on indices of self care, communication abilities, locomotion, sociability, personality or behavior and cognitive function when compared to untreated controls
  • patients in the creatine-treatment group were less likely to experience headaches, dizziness and fatigue over six months of follow-up
  • CNS creatine is derived from both its local biosynthesis from the essential amino acids methionine, glycine and arginine
  • Studies of patients with CNS creatine deficiency and/or murine models with genetic ablation of creatine kinase have consistently demonstrated significant neurological impairment in the absence of proper creatine, phosphocreatine, or creatine kinase function; thus highlighting its functional importance
  • chronic dosing may partially reverse neurological impairments in human CNS creatine deficiency syndromes
  • Several studies have suggested that creatine supplementation may also reduce oxidative DNA damage and brain glutamate levels in Huntington disease patients
  • Another study highlighted that creatine supplementation marginally improved indices of mood and reduced the need for increased dopaminergic therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 16
     
    great review of natural therapies in the treatment of concussions
Nathan Goodyear

Potentiation of 17β-estradiol synthesis in the brain and elongation of seizur... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...s41598-017-06630-0

DHA omega-3 omega 3 brain estrogen seizures fish oil

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Aug 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Aug 17
     
    DHA supplementation increases brain estrogen in animal study. In this study, both blunted seizure induction in the animals. This has significant implications for DHA supplementation and dietary intake of fish high in DHA for the brain through estrogen.
Nathan Goodyear

Tumor targeting by conjugation of DHA to paclitaxe... [J Control Release. 2001] - PubMe... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...11489499

DHA chemotherapy Taxol Omega-3

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Feb 11
     
    Not only does DHA, Omega 3, increase effectiveness of chemotherapy drug Taxol, but it reduces the toxicity too.  Why doesn't every chemo regimen with Taxol, now include DHA?
Nathan Goodyear

Purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids have differential effects on serum ... - 0 views

www.ajcn.org/...1085.long

n-3 omega-3 DHA EPA fish oil

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 Jul 12
     
    EPA and DHA have differing effects in men with Hyperlipidemia.  DHA increased LDL particle size, increased fasting insulin, but did not increase fasting glucose.
Nathan Goodyear

Dietary Supplementation With the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Docosahe... : Neurosurgery - 0 views

journals.lww.com/...with_the_omega_3_fatty.31.aspx

brain injury brain TBI traumatic brain injury DHA

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 31 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 31 Aug 15
     
    Animal study finds pre-emptive DHA at 40 mg/kg reduced injury response during medically induced TBI.  Not only can DHA be used with TBI, but this study suggests it can be used in a prevention mode.
Nathan Goodyear

Dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic and ... [Int J Cancer. 1998] - PubMed result - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...9495237

Omega-3 DHA EPA cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • t is concluded from the results of the present study that the anti-tumoral effect of EPA is related mainly to its inhibition of cell proliferation, whereas that of DHA corresponds with its induction of apoptosis. The alterations in fatty-acid composition induced by EPA or DHA appear to be factors underlying their differential actions on cell proliferation and apoptosis.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Feb 11
     
    Omega-3, DHA and EPA, work differently in their anti-cancer effects
Nathan Goodyear

Effects of maternal docosahexaenoic acid intake on visual function and neurodevelopment... - 0 views

www.ajcn.org/...125.abstract

DHA Omega-3 fatt acid intake breast feeding

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Sep 11
     
    DHA supplementation in mother increased DHA phosopholipid levels in infant; though no change in neurodevelopment was noted
Nathan Goodyear

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Processes - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3257651

fats nutrition diet omega 3 inflammation NF-kappaB TNF-alpha omega-3 fish oil DHA EPA docosahexaenoic acid eicosapentaenoic acid

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Sep 17 - No Cached
  • marine n-3 PUFAs have also been shown to alter the production of inflammatory proteins including chemokines, cytokines, growth factors and matrix proteases
  • Two transcription factors that are likely to play a role in inflammation are nuclear factor κ B (NFκB) and PPAR-γ
  • NFκB is the principal transcription factor involved in upregulation of inflammatory cytokine, adhesion molecule and cyclooxygenase-2 genes
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • PPAR-γ, is believed to act in an anti-inflammatory manner
  • PPAR-γ directly regulates inflammatory gene expression, it also interferes with the activation of NFκB creating an intriguing interaction between these two transcription factors
  • Both NFκB and PPAR-γ may be regulated by n-3 PUFAs.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Sep 17
     
    great review of the anti-inflammatory effects of omega 3 DHA and EPA.  EPA inhibits COX and 5-LOX and their downstream prostaglandin and leukotrienes.  EPA/DHA inhibited endotoxin-stimulated IL-6, IL-8,TNF-alpha, and NFkappaB.
Nathan Goodyear

UCL Discovery - EPA and DHA reduce LPS-induced inflammation responses in HK-2 cells: Ev... - 0 views

eprints.ucl.ac.uk/8794

inflammation omega-3 n-3 DHA EPA LPS PPAR-gamma

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jun 12
     
    Omega 3, DHA and EPA, reduce LPS stimulated inflammation via PPAR gamma activation.
Nathan Goodyear

DHA dietary supplementation enhances the effects of exercise on synaptic plasticity and... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3208643

DHA n-3 omega 3 omega-3 fish oil cognition memory hippocampus exercise neuroplasticity BDNF brain derived neurotrophic factor lipid peroxidation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Nov 13
     
    DHA enriched diet plus exercis improved cognition through a increase in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).  The result was increased neuroplasticity.  Additionally, they were shown to reduce hippocampal lipid peroxidation.
Nathan Goodyear

DHA dietary supplementation enhances the effects of exercise on synaptic plasticity and... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3208643

DHA n-3 omega 3 omega-3 BDNF brain derived neurotrophic factor neuroplasticity cognition

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Nov 13
     
    Animal study finds that DHA increases BDNF increasing neuroplasticity.
Nathan Goodyear

Tumor targeting by conjugation of DHA to paclitaxel. - 0 views

www.cytoskeletons.com/showabstract.php

DHA omega-3 cancer paclitaxel

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Nov 10
     
    DHA (omega 3) with paclitaxel (chemotherapy) increased efficacy by 61 x
Nathan Goodyear

British Journal of Cancer - Phase I//II study of DHA-paclitaxel in combination with car... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...6602196a.html

DHA Omega-3 Taxol paclitaxel hair loss chemotherapy

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • Preclinical studies have demonstrated increased activity, relative to paclitaxel, with the potential for an improved therapeutic ratio.
  • No alopecia was seen
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Feb 11
     
    DHA, omega-3,  improves effectiveness of Taxol therapy; but without HAIR LOSS
Nathan Goodyear

The independent effects of eicosapentaenoic acid a... [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...16477172

Omega-3 DHA EPA cardiovascular health

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Feb 11
     
    Omega-3, DHA, is equal or better than EPA in cardiovascular health
Nathan Goodyear

Dehydroascorbic acid, a blood-brain barrier transportable form of vitamin C, mediates p... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC58796

vitamin C IV vitamin C dehydroascorbic acid brain stroke

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Aug 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Aug 17
     
    vitamin C does not cross the BBB, but its oxidize form, dehydroascorbic acid does.  This experimental model looked at IV DHA. The findings was that IV DHA resulted in higher brain C levels compared to IV vitamin C.
Nathan Goodyear

EPA and DHA reduce LPS-induced inflammation responses in HK-2 cells: Evidence... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0085253815505322

inflammation omega 3 omega-3 EPA DHA LPS lipopolysaccharides NF-kappaB PPAR-gamma

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Oct 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Oct 17
     
    Omega 3 essential fatty acids, specifically EPA and DHA, decrease LPS activation of NF-kappaB via PPAR-gamma activation.
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