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Nathan Goodyear

Serum progesterone and prognosis in operable breast cancer. - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2074551

progesterone breast cancer breast cancer survival

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Oct 13
     
    progesterone levels at the time of surgery predict outcome.  Higher progesterone levels associated with increased longevity.  progesterone > 4 ng/ml associated with 65% survival at 18 years versus 35% with those women and low progesterone.
Nathan Goodyear

Molecular Control of Immune/Inflammatory Responses: Interactions Between Nucl... - 0 views

edrv.endojournals.org/...435.long

progesterone NK macrophage T cell activity inflammation immune system

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Nov 12
     
    Benefits of progesterone, are in part, due to its function on the immune system.  Progesterone shown to decrease T cell activity, macrophage activity and NK cell activity.  Aside, NK cell activity has been found to be increased in those with recurrent first trimester miscarriages and progesterone defects.  So, low progesterone allows for a rise in NK cell activity and inflammation that is detrimental to a developing pregnancy.  If that is the case in pregnancy, what about the rest of the body?
Nathan Goodyear

Menstrual and hormonal alterations in juvenile systemi... [Lupus. 2009] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19074167

progesterone low Lupus SLE juvenile hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Oct 13
     
    low Progesterone and progesterone "disturbances" found to be common in juvenile Lupus.  The authors in this study proposed it was due to low follicular reserves.  The point is that low progesterone increases inflammatory cytokines.
Nathan Goodyear

High Testosterone and Low Progesterone Circulating Levels in Premenopausal Patients wit... - 0 views

cancerres.aacrjournals.org/...841.long

Testosterone progesterone hormones cancer women female hormones breast pre-menopause

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Sep 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Sep 16
     
    higher Testosterone levels, in conjunction with lower progesterone levels, found in premenopausal women with breast hyperplasia and breast cancer.  The authors point to elevated androgens in breast cancer induction and development.  This same hormone patter, low progesterone/elevated Testosterone, is associated with PCOS in women.
Nathan Goodyear

Leptin and Androgens in Male Obesity: Evidence for Leptin Contribution to Reduced Andro... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jcem.84.10.6082

obesity leptin low T low Testosterone Testosterone low T leydig cells LH leutenizing hormone men male hormones hormone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • in male obesity basal and LH-stimulated androgen levels are reduced and inversely correlated with circulating leptin
  • functional leptin receptors are present in rodent Leydig cells
  • it is conceivable that in males high leptin concentrations may have a direct inhibitory effect(s) on Leydig cell function.
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • insulin is an important inhibitor of the synthesis of SHBG
  • no correlation between leptin and SHBG levels
  • SHBG reduction in obesity is a minor determinant of lowered androgen levels
  • SHBG can explain only up to 3% of the correlation
  • testicular T de novo production is impaired in obese men and that leptin seems to be the best hormonal predictor of this blunted response to LH stimulation
  • The low basal 17-OH-P levels found in massively obese men are consistent with a global impairment of Leydig cell steroidogenic function in this group of subjects.
  • These findings indicate that obese men have a FM-related defect in the enzymatic conversion of 17-OH-P to T, which is revealed by hCG stimulation.
  • Other studies have investigated the adrenal function in male obesity and have shown that basal cortisol and 17-OH-progesterone levels tend to decrease with the increase in the degree of obesity
  • High E2 can inhibit the expression and activity of the 17,20-lyase and may be responsible for this steroidogenic lesion
  • However, stimulated E2 levels were not higher in the obese than in controls, excluding the fact that the lower androgen response was due to an increased aromatization of T to E2 and that estrogens have a major role in the observed defect of 17,20-lyase activity in obese men.
  • the percentage increase in the 17-OH-progesterone to T molar ratio paralleled the increase in leptin levels of obese men
  • Multiple regression analysis indicated that the best hormonal predictor of the obesity-related reduction in T and FT basal levels and androgen changes after hCG stimulation was serum leptin concentration
  • insulin has no negative influences on androgen production in obese men
  • insulin is known to have stimulatory actions on T production that have been demonstrated in obese and normal weight men (57) and in Leydig cells in culture
  • the negative correlation between insulin and basal T can be partly explained by the inhibitory action of insulin on SHBG production
  • hypogonadal men have higher circulating leptin levels compared with hypogonadal patients under effective androgen substitution therapy
  • The impaired androgen response to LH stimulus was due to a defect in the enzymatic conversion of 17-OH-progesterone to T, which was disclosed by a leptin-related increase in 17-OH-progesterone to T ratio
  • Estrogens, which are inhibitory modulators of LH pulsatility and bioactivity
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Sep 14
     
    Leptin appears to be a good marker of low Testosterone.  This study proposes that the mechanism of action is potentially 2 fold: first, a decrease in LH release by leptin (kisspeptin?) and 2nd, a directed decrease in Testosterone production by the leydig cells in the testes.
Nathan Goodyear

Low saliva progesterone concentrations are associa... [BJOG. 2009] - PubMed result - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19614937

saliva progesterone testing salivary hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • Measurement of saliva progesterone may be of value in the prediction of early preterm labour and in determining which women might benefit from progesterone supplementation.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Nov 10
     
    saliva progesterone usefull in predicting preterm labor
Nathan Goodyear

Inadequate production of progesterone in wome... [Br J Rheumatol. 1992] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...1555040

SLE lupus low progesterone progesterone women autoimmune disease autoimmune

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Jun 13
     
    Low progesterone found to be associated with SLE in women.
Nathan Goodyear

Hormonal Factors and the Risk of Papillary Thyroid Cancer in the California Teachers St... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3288117

papillary thyroid cancer progesterone hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 Nov 13
     
    States of low progesterone and/or high estrogen to progesterone are associated with increased papillary thyroid cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Estradiol/progesterone interaction in normal and p... [Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1986] - PubMed... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...3524347

breast cancer progesterone low bioidentical hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Nov 10
     
    low progesterone levels promote breast cancer
Nathan Goodyear

BREAST CANCER INCIDENCE IN WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF PROGESTERONE DEFICIENCY - 0 views

aje.oxfordjournals.org/...209

progesterone deficiency breast cancer breast cancer women hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Oct 13
     
    Women with low progesterone have 5.4 x elevated risk of premenopausal breast cancer.  This was a study done on women seeking fertility.  This study followed women for 33 years.
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Costanzo_Moretti/publication/12777565_Leptin_and_an... - 0 views

www.researchgate.net/...02bfe50e5334207a93000000.pdf

leptin low T low Testosterone obese men male hormone hormones obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jun 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jun 15
     
    Normal leptin levels are critical to puberty; but in obese men, increased leptin is associated with gonadal decrease in Testosterone.  It appears to occur through a decrease in 17-OH progesterone to Testosterone: suggesting an inhibitory activity in the conversion of 17-OH progesterone to Testosterone in obese men.
Nathan Goodyear

Metabolic endotoxaemia - a potential novel link between ovarian inflammation and impair... - 0 views

www.tandfonline.com/...09513590.2014.994602

metabolic endotoxemia progesterone hormones LPS lipopolysaccharides gut inflammation luteal phase defect

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Jun 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Jun 17
     
    Systemic LPS, metabolic endotoxemia, that is the result of inflammation originating out of the gut found to cause luteal phase dysfunction--low progesterone.  Now, we have the gut-hormone connection.
Nathan Goodyear

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/art.11105/asset/11105_ftp.pdf;jsessionid=4... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...4193903EA1042174A607429.f03t01

Lupus Testosterone DHEA Progesterone autoimmune disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 May 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 May 16
     
    good review of sex hormones and LUPUS; whether it is causative or not, sex hormones trends exist in LUPUS i.e. low DHEA in both sexes, low progesterone in women, and low Testosterone in women>men.
Nathan Goodyear

Progesterone metabolites in breast cancer - 1 views

erc.endocrinology-journals.org/...717.full

progesterone metabolism tumor tumorigenesis cancer risk growth hormone hormones 5-beta-pregnanediol 5-alpha-pregnanediol 4-pregnenediol 5-alpha reductase

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • P metabolites produced within breast tissues might be independently active hormones functioning as cancer-promoting or -inhibiting regulatory agents
  • these P metabolites function as independent pro-or anti-cancer autocrine/paracrine hormones that regulate cell proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis and cytoskeletal, and other cell status molecules via novel receptors located in the cell membrane and intrinsically linked to cell signaling pathways
  • only a fraction of all breast cancer patients respond to this estrogen-based therapy and the response is only temporary
  • ...30 more annotations...
  • P serves as the precursor for the major steroid hormones (androgens, estrogens, corticosteroids) produced by the gonadal and adrenal cortical tissues.
  • 5α-pregnane, 5β-pregnane, and 4-pregnene metabolites of P
  • These P-metabolizing enzymes included 5α-reductase, 5β-reductase, 3α-hydroxysteroid oxido-reductase (3α-HSO), 3β-HSO, 20α-HSO, 20β-HSO, 6α(β)-, 11β-, 17-, and 21-hydroxylase, and C17–20-lyase
  • Reduction of P to 5α-pregnanes is catalyzed by 5α-reductase and the direct 5α-reduced metabolite of P is 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione (5αP). The 5α-reductase reaction is irreversible
  • The two 4-pregnenes resulting from direct P conversion are 4-pregnen-3α-ol-20-one (3αHP) and 4-pregnen-20α-ol-3-one (20αHP), catalyzed by the actions of 3α-HSO and 20α-HSO respectively
  • the P-metabolizing enzyme activities identified in human breast tissues and cell lines were: 5α-reductase, 3α-HSO, 3β-HSO, 20α-HSO, and 6α-hydroxylase
  • In normal breast tissue, conversion to 4-pregnenes greatly exceeded the conversion to 5α-pregnanes, whereas in tumorous tissue, conversion to 5α-pregnanes greatly exceeded that to 4-pregnenes
  • The results indicated that P 5α-reductase activity is significantly higher, whereas P 3α-HSO and 20α-HSO activities are significantly lower in tumor than in normal tissues
  • he results showed that production of 5α-pregnanes was higher and that of 4-pregnenes was lower in tumorigenic (e.g. MCF-7) than in nontumorigenic (e.g. MCF-10A) cells (Fig. 3c⇑), while differences in ER/P status did not appear to play a role
  • The 5α-pregnane-to-4-pregnene ratios were 7- to 20-fold higher in the tumorigenic than in the nontumorigenic cell lines
  • altered direction in P metabolism, and hence in metabolite ratios, was due to significantly elevated 5α-reductase and depressed 3α- and 20α-HSO activities in breast tumor tissues and tumorigenic cells. It appeared, therefore, that changes in P-metabolizing enzyme activities might be related to the shift toward mammary cell tumorigenicity and neoplasia
  • In vivo, changes in enzyme activity can result from changes in levels of the enzyme due to changes in expression of the mRNA coding for the enzyme, or from changes in the milieu in which the enzyme operates (such as temperature and pH, and concentrations of cofactors, substrates, products, competitors, ions, phospholipids, and other molecules)
  • Overall, the enzyme activity and expression studies strongly suggest that 5α-reductase stimulation and 3α- and 20α-HSO suppression are associated with the transition from normalcy to cancer of the breast
  • The level of expression of 5α-reductase is up-regulated by estradiol and P in the uterus (Minjarez et al. 2001) and by 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the prostate
  • 3αHP inhibited whereas 5αP-stimulated proliferation
  • Stimulation in cell numbers was also observed when cells were treated with other 5α-pregnanes, such as 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one, 5α-pregnan-20α-ol-3-one, and 5α-pregnane-3α,20α-diol, whereas other 4-pregnenes such as 20α-HP and 4-pregnene-3α,20α-diol resulted in suppression of cell proliferation
  • Stimulation of cell proliferation with 5αP and inhibition with 3αHP were also observed in all other breast cell lines examined, whether ER/P-negative (MCF-10A, MDA-MB-231) or ER/P-positive (T47D, ZR-75-1) and whether requiring estrogen for tumorigenicity (MCF-7, T47D) or not (MDA-MB-231), or whether they are nontumorigenic (
  • αHP resulted in significant increases in apoptosis and decreases in mitosis, leading to significant decreases in total cell numbers. In contrast, treatment with 5αP resulted in decreases in apoptosis and increases in mitosis.
  • The opposing actions of 5αP and 3αHP on both cell anchorage and proliferation strengthen the hypothesis that the direction of P metabolism in vivo toward higher 5α-pregnane and lower 4-pregnene concentrations could promote breast neoplasia and lead to malignancy.
  • he effects on proliferation and adhesion were not due to P, but due to the 5α-reduced metabolites
  • The studies showed that binding of 5αP or 3αHP occurs in the plasma membrane fractions, but not in the nuclear or cytosolic compartments
  • separate high-specificity, high-affinity, low- capacity receptors for 5αP and 3αHP that are distinct from each other and from the well-studied nuclear/cytosolic P, estrogen, and androgen and corticosteroid receptors
  • The studies thus provided the first demonstration of the existence of specific P metabolite receptors
  • the receptor results suggest that the putative tumorigenic actions of 5αP may be significantly augmented by the estradiol-induced increases in 5αP binding and decreases in 3αHP binding.
  • Estradiol and 5αP resulted in significant dose-dependent increases, whereas 3αHP and 20αHP each resulted in dose-dependent decreases in total ER
  • In combination, estradiol + 5αP or 3αHP + 20αHP resulted in additive increases or decreases respectively in ER numbers.
  • The data suggest that the action of 5αP on breast cancer cells involves modulation of the MAPK signaling pathway
  • current evidence does not appear to support the notion that increased 5α-reductase activity/ expression might significantly alter androgen influences on breast tumor growth.
  • both testosterone and DHT inhibit cell growth more or less to the same extent
  • Note that 5α-reductase reaction is not reversible
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 12
     
    Fantastic read on the effects of progesterone metabolism on tumor and cancer growth.  Tumorigenesis is not just about the hormone, hormone balance, but about the metabolism of hormones.  This is why premarin is so carcinogenic: it is primarily metabolized by the 4-OH estrone pathway.
Nathan Goodyear

Metabolic syndrome, circulating RBP4, testosterone, and SHBG predict weight regain at 6... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...abstract

metabolic syndrome metabolic syndrome low T Testosterone obesity overweight weight loss SHBG RBP4 men male hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Mar 14
     
    Interesting study finds that men with low serum Total Testosterone, elevated RBP4 and low SHBG at baseline predict weight regain.  Thus Testosterone should be used as a biomarker of failure in weight loss and if low, Testosterone therapy should be employed to improved metabolic function.  Other parameters, such as leptin, adiponectin, prolactin, progesterone...were not predictive.
Nathan Goodyear

Ovarian function and disease acti... [Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008 May-Jun] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...18578965

SLE lupus progesterone estradiol hormone hormones sex hormones women autoimmune disease autoimmune

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Jun 13
     
    imbalanced sex hormones in women links to SLE. 
Nathan Goodyear

[Hormonal changes in fertile women with quiescent systemic lupus erythematosus] - Abstr... - 0 views

europepmc.org/...7669873

lupus SLE autoimmune disease autoimmune disease progesterone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Mar 16
     
    Abstract suggests that low progesterone plays a role in Lupus.
Nathan Goodyear

Serum Sex Steroids in Premenopausal Women and Breast Cancer Risk Within the European Pr... - 0 views

jnci.oxfordjournals.org/...755.long

serum hormone hormones Testosterone progesterone estrogen estradiol breast cancer women female

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Mar 14
     
    Study finds that elevated serum Testosterone and androstenedione is associated with an increase risk of breast cancer.  This EPIC study looked at serum hormones in premenopausal women.  This study also found an association with increased breast cancer and low serum progesterone in women.  This was also found in the ORDET study.  This study did not find a link with estrogen.  These are endogenous levels.  Does this translate to exogenous? This theory of elevated androgens and breast cancer was first proposed by Grattarola.
Nathan Goodyear

Steroid Hormone Levels during Pregnancy and Incidence of Maternal Breast Cancer - 0 views

cebp.aacrjournals.org/...361.long

breast cancer hormone hormones breast cancer progesterone pregnancy premenopausal

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Oct 13
     
    Women with the highest progesterone levels during pregnancy have an inverse low breast cancer risk.  This association was found with premenopausal breast cancer.  The reduction was upwards of 70%.  One fault of this study is the use of serum hormone levels.  
Nathan Goodyear

Inadequate Corpus Luteal Function in Women with Benign Breast Diseases -- SITRUK-WARE e... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...771

progesterone breast disease estrogen dominance corpus luteal

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jan 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jan 11
     
    estrogen dominance (high estradiol/low progesterone) increases risk of non-benign breast disease
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