low vitamin D associated with increased autoimmune thyroid TPO antibodies in women. This association was found in pre menopause women, but not post menopause women.
elevated autoimmune markers against the thyroid and an elevated TSH are both independent risk factors for thyroid malignancy in those with thyroid nodules.
A beneficial effect of pregnancy on clinical
symptoms has been observed in MS and other Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis,
uveitis, and thyroiditis
In general, Th1 lymphocytes secrete proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) that promote cellular
immunity, while Th2 lymphocytes produce anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10) that promote humoral
immunity
Th2 cytokines are associated with the down-regulation of Th1 cytokines and may confer protection from Th1-mediated
autoimmune diseases
MS is in part a Th1 autoimmune disease. Estriol therapy induces a shift to Th2 through increase in Th10. Estriol also decreases TNF-alpha cytokine production.
high prevalence of thyroid antibodies, TPO, in women with PCOS. This does not prove cause and effect, merely an association. Both are inflammation driven.