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Nathan Goodyear

Vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid diseases - 0 views

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    low vitamin D implicated in increased anti thyroid antibodies and autoimmune thyroid disease.
Nathan Goodyear

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation - 0 views

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    elevated autoimmune markers against the thyroid and an elevated TSH are both independent risk factors for thyroid malignancy in those with thyroid nodules.
Nathan Goodyear

Low Serum Vitamin D Is Associated with Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody in Autoimmune T... - 0 views

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    low vitamin D associated with increased TPO antibodies.
Nathan Goodyear

Low Levels of Serum Vitamin D3 Are Associated with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Pre-Me... - 0 views

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    low vitamin D associated with increased autoimmune thyroid TPO antibodies in women.  This association was found in pre menopause women, but not post menopause women.
Nathan Goodyear

Biomedical Papers: The prevalence of non organ specific and thyroid autoimmunity in pat... - 0 views

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    high prevalence of thyroid antibodies, TPO, in women with PCOS.  This does not prove cause and effect, merely an association.  Both are inflammation driven.
Nathan Goodyear

Autoantibody profiling of patients with au... [Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies have same specificity as TPO in Hashimoto's disease, but significantly lower sensitivity.
Nathan Goodyear

Serum TSH, T4, and Thyroid Antibodies in the United States Population (1988 to 1994): N... - 0 views

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    This article finds the mean TSH level in the "healthy" population to be 1.5.  Calls into question any level above that with symptoms of hypothyroid.  Full, adequate thyroid including free T3 and rT3 must be done.
Nathan Goodyear

The Complex Role of Estrogens in Inflammation - 0 views

  • These studies suggest inflammation-dependent up-regulation of ERβ relative to ERα.
  • up-regulation of ERβ relative to ERα under hypoxic conditions, which might lead to a preponderance of signaling through ERβ pathways
  • it seems that E2 at periovulatory to pregnancy levels inhibited proinflammatory cytokines from PBMCs
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  • it is clear that E2 can stimulate antibody production by B cells, probably by inhibiting T cell suppression of B cells
  • In cycling women, the largest quantities of Ig were detected before ovulation
  • In contrast, E2 at high concentrations leads to a suppression of B-lymphocyte lineage precursors
  • E2 at periovulatory to pregnancy serum levels is able to stimulate antibody secretion under healthy conditions but also in autoimmune diseases, whereas similar serum levels of E2 lead to a suppression of bone marrow B cell lineage precursors
  • In chronic inflammatory disorders, where B cells play a decisive role, E2 would promote the disease when autoaggressive B cells are already present, whereas chronically elevated E2 would inhibit initiation of an autoimmune disease when no such B cells are available. This might be a good reason why particularly B cell-dependent diseases such as SLE, mixed connective tissue disease (Sharp syndrome), IgA nephropathy, dermatitis herpetiformis, gluten sensitive enteropathy, myasthenia gravis, and thyroiditis appear in women in the reproductive years, predominantly, in the third or fourth decades of life
  • Th17 cells are thought to be the main responsible cells for chronic inflammatory tissue destruction in autoimmune diseases
  • IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF were allocated to Th1 reactions
  • IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 to Th2 responses
  • antiinflammatory T regulatory cells producing TGF-β and proinflammatory T helper type 17 cells (Th17) producing IL-17
  • no direct effects of estrogens on Th17 cells or IL-17 secretion have been described until now.
  • So-called Th17 cells producing IL-17 are the main T cells responsible for chronic inflammation.
  • Because IFN-γ has been allocated a Th17-inhibiting role (Fig. 1⇑), its increase by E2 at pregnancy doses and the E2-mediated inhibition of TNF must be viewed as a favorable effect in chronic inflammation
  • in humans and mice, E2 at periovulatory to pregnancy levels stimulates IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ but inhibits TNF from CD4+ T cells
  • In humans and mice, E3 and E2, respectively, at pregnancy levels inhibit T cell-dependent delayed type hypersensitivity
  • increased IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ in the presence of low TNF support an antiaggressive immune response
  • secretion of IL-1β is increased at periovulatory/proestrus to early pregnancy levels, whereas IL-1 secretion is inhibited at high pregnancy levels
  • The dichotomous effect of E2 on IL-1β and TNF at high and low concentrations is most probably due to inhibition of NF-κB at high concentrations
  • experiments with mouse and rat macroglial and microglial cells demonstrate that E2 at proestrus to pregnancy levels exerts neuroprotective effects by increasing TGF-β and by inhibiting iNOS and NO release, and reducing expression of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 production.
  • E2 at periovulatory to pregnancy levels inhibits NF-κB activation, which must be viewed as an antiinflammatory signal
  • It was shown that E2 concentrations equal to or above 10−10 m are necessary to inhibit NF-κB activation
  • important proinflammatory cytokines are typically inhibited at periovulatory (proestrus) to pregnancy levels of E2, which is evident for IL-6, IL-8, and TNF
  • low E2 concentrations were demonstrated to have no or even stimulatory effects
  • This renders a woman in the postmenopausal phase to a more proinflammatory situation
  • most in vitro studies demonstrated a stimulatory effect of E2 on secretion of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β typically at periovulatory to pregnancy levels
  • E2 at periovulatory to pregnancy levels has an ameliorating effect on chronic inflammatory diseases as long as B cell-dependent immunity or an overshooting fibrotic tissue repair process do not play a crucial pathogenic role. However, when the B cell plays an important role, E2 might even stimulate the disease process as substantiated by flare-ups in SLE during pregnancy
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      SLE, mixed connective tissue disease (Sharp syndrome), IgA nephropathy, dermatitis herpetiformis, gluten sensitive enteropathy, myasthenia gravis, and thyroiditis
  • Short-term administration of E2 at pregnancy levels was shown to induce an inflammatory response specific to the lateral prostate of the castrated male rat
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    great review of the complex interaction between Estrogens and inflammation.  Reference here is in females.
Nathan Goodyear

Promising role for Gc-MAF in cancer immunotherapy: from bench to bedside - 0 views

  • MAF precursor activity has also been lost or reduced after Gc-globulin treatment in some cancer cell lines
  • This appears to result from the deglycosylated ɑ-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (nagalase) secreted from cancerous cells
  • Nagalase has been detected in many cancer patients, but not in healthy individuals
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  • Studies have shown that the production of nagalase has a mutual relationship with Gc-MAF level and immunosuppression
  • It has been demonstrated that serum levels of nagalase are good prognosticators of some types of cancer
  • The nagalase level in serum correlates with tumor burden and it has been shown that Gc-MAF therapy progresses, nagalase activity decreases
  • It has been shown that Gc-MAF can inhibit the angiogenesis induced by pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E1
  • The effect of Gc-MAF on chemotaxis or activation of tumoricidal macrophages is likely the main mechanism against angiogenesis.
  • Administration of Gc-MAF stimulates immune-cell progenitors for extensive mitogenesis, activates macrophages and produces antibodies. “This indicates that Gc-MAF is a powerful adjuvant for immunization.”
  • Cancer cell lines do not develop into tumor genes in mouse models after Gc-MAF-primed immunization (29-31) and the effect of Gc-MAF has been approved for macrophage stimulation for angiogenesis, proliferation, migration and metastatic inhibition on tumors induced by MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line
  • The protocol included: "a high dose of second-generation Gc-MAF (0.5 ml) administered twice a week intramuscularly for a total of 21 injections.”
  • Yamamoto et al. showed that the administration of Gc-MAF to 16 patients with prostate cancer led to improvements in all patients without recurrence
  • Inui et al. reported that a 74-year-old man diagnosed with prostate cancer with multiple bone metastases was in complete remission nine months after initiation of GcMAF therapy simultaneously with hyper T/NK cell, high-dose vitamin C and alpha lipoic acid therapy
  • It has also been approved for non-neoplastic diseases such as autism (41), multiple sclerosis (42, 43), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) (40), juvenile osteoporosis (44) and systemic lupus erythematous (45).
  • Gc-MAF has been verified for use in colon, thyroid (38), lung (39), liver, thymus (36), pancreatic (40), bladder and ovarian cancer and tongue squamous carcinoma
  • Prostate, breast, colon, liver, stomach, lung (including mesothelioma), kidney, bladder, uterus, ovarian, head/neck and brain cancers, fibrosarcomas and melanomas are the types of cancer tested thus far
  • weekly administration of 100 ng Gc-MAF to cancer at different stages and types showed curative effects at different follow-up times
  • this treatment has been suggested for non-anemic patients
  • Studies have shown that weekly administration of 100 ng Gc-MAF to cancer patients had curative effects on a variety of cancers
  • Because the half-life of the activated macrophages is approximately one week, it must be administered weekly
  • In vivo weekly intramuscular administration of Gc-MAF (100 ng) for 16-22 weeks was used to treat patients with breast cancer
  • individuals harboring different VDR genotypes had different responses to Gc-MAF and that some genotypes were more responsive than others
  • Administration of Gc-MAF for cancer patients exclusively activates macrophages as an important cell in adaptive immunity
  • Gc-MAF supports humoral immunity by producing, developing and releasing large quantities of antibodies against cancer. Clinical evidence from a human model of breast cancer patients supports this hypothesis
  • There is also evidence that confirms the tumoricidal role of Gc-MAF via Fc-receptor mediation
  • It is likely that the best therapeutic responses will be observed when the nutritional and inflammatory aspects are taken together with stimulation of the immune system
  • it should be noted that no harmful side effects of Gc-MAF treatment have been reported, even when it was successfully administered to autistic children
  • The natural activation mechanism of macrophages by Gc-MAF is so natural and it should not have any side effects on humans or animal models even in cell culture
  • Besides the Gc-MAF efficacy on macrophage activity, it can be a potential anti-angiogenic agent (28) and an inhibitor of the migration of cancerous cells in the absence of macrophages (47).
  • Activating or modifying natural killer cells, dendritic cells, DC, CTL, INF and IL-2 have all been recommended for cancer immunotherapy
  • It has been reported that nagalase cannot deglycosylate Gc-MAF as it has specificity for Gc globulin alone
  • inflammation-derived macrophage activation with the participation of B and T lymphocytes is the main mechanism
  • macrophages highly-activated by the addition of Gc-MAF can show tumoricidal activity
  • Previous clinical investigations have confirmed the efficacy of Gc-MAF. In addition to activating existing macrophages, Gc-MAF is a potent mitogenic factor that can stimulate the myeloid progenitor cells to increase systemic macrophage cell counts by 40-fold in four days
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    great review on Gc-MAF in cancer.  An increase in nagalase blocks Gc-protein to Gc-MAF activity leaving the host immune system compromised.
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