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看到上面一个大大的玻璃试管和里面的液体、引脚我就知道肯定是通过液体摆动跟触角接触面积引起的阻值变化测量角度的

1381s are CMOS voltage-controlled triggers -- these "gate" a source until the voltage is above some "trip" limit, at which point it is allowed onto a third pin

We use them as 3- or 5-volt triggers

This chip is often considered the heart of Nv net technology

This adapted photodiode is not as sensitive as large area types so C2 may need to be reduced to 0.01uF while the value of R2 and R3 can be increased by a factor of 10.

Two leaded phototransistors can also be used but may require extra shielding to reduce light current in the bridge to acceptable levels

basic photopopper functions plus reverse -- all on a single chip

A flashing LED is just an LED with a built-in microcircuit to cause it to flash periodically.

Like other LEDs, FLEDs are light-sensitive, and so flash faster in brighter light.

Like other LEDs, FLEDs are light-sensitive, and so flash faster in brighter light.

To use a photodiode in its photoconductive mode, the photodiode is reverse-biased; the photodiode will then allow a current to flow when it is illuminated.

LEDs can be used as photodiodes (tho' their sensitivity is relatively low, so they're only useable this way in very bright conditions). When light is applied to an LED the anode sources current and becomes positive.

The only time you will need this term is when acceleration plays a big factor with your robot. If your robot is really heavy, or gravity is not on it's side (such as steep hills), then you will need the integral term.

The sampling rate is the speed at which your control algorithm can update itself.

To increase sampling rate, you want an even faster update of sensor readings, and minimal delay in your program loop.

Behavior-based robotics is quite simply the design of robots where there are no internal "models" of the environment. Instead, the robot's action is state-machine driven via inputs gleaned from the robot's sensors.

To use a photodiode in its photoconductive mode, the photodiode is reverse-biased; the photodiode will then allow a current to flow when it is illuminated.

LEDs can be used as photodiodes

FLEDs are light-sensitive, and so flash faster in brighter light

智能不仅仅局限于大脑。在整个控制过程中，大脑，执行器以及传感器都对产生我们认为是智能的行为有着非常重要的意义。这就意味着，在定义机器人的行为时，你机器人的尺寸也要被考虑进去

The current through a photodiode is directly proportional to the light intensity

The photodiode and phototransistor can be both photovoltaic (generators of potential difference) and photoconductive (modifiers of an electric current), depending on the application.

A reverse-biased photodiode operates in what is called photoconductive mode, since the conduction of the semiconductor junction varies with the illuminating light intensity.  If the reverse-biased voltage is relatively large (i.e. several volts) the reverse-biased photodiode will have a very fast response time (much faster than an LDR) and is suitable for detecting light signals that vary down to a time scale of a fraction of a microsecond.

Reverse bias induces only little current (known as saturation or back current) along its direction. But a more important effect of reverse bias is widening of the depletion layer (therefore expanding the reaction volume) and strengthening the photocurrent. Circuits based on this effect are more sensitive to light than ones based on the photovoltaic effect and also tend to have lower capacitance, which improves the speed of their time response. On the other hand, the photovoltaic mode tends to exhibit less electronic noise.

Photodiodes can be used under either zero bias (photovoltaic mode) or reverse bias (photoconductive mode)

the Cricket's yellow LED flashes when the Cricket is sending infrared signals.

You can type any Cricket Logo instruction in the Cricket Logo Command Center, and it will be immediately transferred to the Cricket and executed.

This simple circuit can detect the invisible fields of voltage which surround all electrified objects