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York Jong

BEAM Circuits -- Solar engines - 0 views

  • The purpose of a solar engine is to act like a power "savings account" -- a small trickle of incoming energy is saved up until a useable amount is stored
  • A solar-powered robot can be made to work, even in relatively-low light levels
  • Solar cell size is minimized
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  • by far the predominant
  • theoretically the most efficient
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    At the heart of most solar-powered robots is a circuit called the solar engine (variously called Solar Engines, solarengines, SEs; a.k.a,relaxation oscillators). The purpose of a solar engine is to act like a power "savings account" -- a small trickle of incoming energy is saved up until a useable amount is stored. This stored energy is then released in a burst, in order to drive some useful (if only sporadic and incremental) work.
Astro Biology

Extreme Ultraviolet Image of a Significant Solar Flare - 0 views

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    The sun emitted a significant solar flare which is classified as an X1.1-class flare. X-class denotes the most intense flares, while the number provides more information about its strength.
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    The sun emitted a significant solar flare which is classified as an X1.1-class flare. X-class denotes the most intense flares, while the number provides more information about its strength.
York Jong

Solar Cells - BEAM Wiki - 0 views

  • Most BEAMbot designs require at least 3 volts from their solar cell(s). This means, of course, that if you buy 0.5 V cells, you need to wire together at least six of them to do the job. This may or may not be something you want to mess with; it may or may not fit with the aesthetic design you're shooting for.
Astro Biology

Facts About Origin Of Life On Earth - 0 views

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    Get complete knowledge on how life began on earth, solar system news and recent space exploration. You can now read all information at one place at Astrobiology Magazine.
Astro Biology

Know How Cassini Looking Mysterious Feature Evolve in Titan Sea - 0 views

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    Do you know NASA's Cassini spacecraft is monitoring the evolution of a mysterious feature in a huge hydrocarbon sea on Saturn's moon Titan? Curious to read more about mysterious feature?
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    Do you know NASA's Cassini spacecraft is monitoring the evolution of a mysterious feature in a huge hydrocarbon sea on Saturn's moon Titan? Curious to read more about mysterious feature?
Astro Biology

Earth's magnetic field has flipped - 0 views

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    The new discovery indicates that the intensity of Earth's magnetic field is decreasing 10 times faster, leading some geophysicists to predict a reversal within a few thousand years.
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    The new discovery indicates that the intensity of Earth's magnetic field is decreasing 10 times faster, leading some geophysicists to predict a reversal within a few thousand years.
Astro Biology

Know More about Robotic Mars Mission - 0 views

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    Do you know Robotic missions to Mars have revealed clues about the planet's atmosphere and surface composition? NASA is investing to find and use natural resources beyond Earth. Want to know more about Robotic Mars Mission.
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    Do you know Robotic missions to Mars have revealed clues about the planet's atmosphere and surface composition? NASA is investing to find and use natural resources beyond Earth. Want to know more about Robotic Mars Mission.
Astro Biology

NASA Begins Construction Of Mars Lander - 0 views

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    Do you know NASA has begun creation of 2016 Mars lander. This mission will investigate following points such as how earth like planets are formed, inner layered structure of core and many more. Want to know more about this mission?
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    Do you know NASA has begun creation of 2016 Mars lander. This mission will investigate following points such as how earth like planets are formed, inner layered structure of core and many more. Want to know more about this mission?
York Jong

MC34164-* - BEAM Wiki - 0 views

  • 34164s are undervoltage sensing circuits ("voltage supervisors") designed for use as reset controllers in portable microprocessor based systems. We use them as 3- or 5-volt triggers (here, 3 or 5 fills in the "*" of the part number above), as the heart of the Chloroplast solar engine design.
York Jong

Capacitors - BEAM Wiki - 0 views

  • A device used to store charge in an electrical circuit. A capacitor functions much like a battery, but charges and discharges much more efficiently
  • BEAM robots tend to use capacitors in two, very different roles -- small ones in Nv neurons and solar engines (filter capacitors), and bigger ones as energy storage devices (storage capacitors).
Astro Biology

What Is Pluto? A Planet or Exoplanet - 0 views

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    Astronomers have found Pluto sized object beyond Neptune now they have a debate to decide what to call a Pluto a planet or exoplanet. Curious to know more about it.
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    Astronomers have found Pluto sized object beyond Neptune now they have a debate to decide what to call a Pluto a planet or exoplanet. Curious to know more about it.
Astro Biology

MSH 11-62 Supernova Remnant - 0 views

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    Chandra of the supernova remnant MSH 11-62 reveals an irregular shell of hot gas, shown in red, surrounding an extended nebula of high energy X-rays, shown in blue.
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    Chandra of the supernova remnant MSH 11-62 reveals an irregular shell of hot gas, shown in red, surrounding an extended nebula of high energy X-rays, shown in blue.
Astro Biology

Latest News from Astrobiology Magazine - 0 views

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    Get latest NASA invention's pictures, discoveries, technologies, space exploration and other news only at Astrobiology Magazine. Join us on Pinterest to see current happenings in Universe.
  •  
    Get latest NASA invention's pictures, discoveries, technologies, space exploration and other news only at Astrobiology Magazine. Join us on Pinterest to see current happenings in Universe.
Astro Biology

Know How Origin of Earth's survived when Oxygen has Abundant - 0 views

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    We all are aware of the fact that billions of years ago, there was very little oxygen on Earth to breathe. Scientist of University of California at Riverside (UCR) have researched when in Earth's history oxygen may have abundant. Curious to know how origins of Earth survived?
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    We all are aware of the fact that billions of years ago, there was very little oxygen on Earth to breathe. Scientist of University of California at Riverside (UCR) have researched when in Earth's history oxygen may have abundant. Curious to know how origins of Earth survived?
Astro Biology

Know When Milky Way Collision Occur - 0 views

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    NASA scientist have found proof that our Milky Way had an encounter with a small galaxy or massive dark matter structure perhaps as recently as 100 million years ago. Are you also interested to know how galaxies form, evolve and interact?
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    NASA scientist have found proof that our Milky Way had an encounter with a small galaxy or massive dark matter structure perhaps as recently as 100 million years ago. Are you also interested to know how galaxies form, evolve and interact?
Astro Biology

Mars Mass Balance Challenge - 0 views

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    Know more about what is mars mass balance challenge only at http://goo.gl/t35dNB
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    Know more about what is mars mass balance challenge only at http://goo.gl/t35dNB
York Jong

ROBOT BATTERIES - 0 views

  • Motorcycle lead acid batteries work great for larger low performance type robots. They are great for solar power robots too.
  • lead acid batteries have the serious problem of being very large and heavy, need to always be kept charged, and do not have the high discharge rates as the more modern batteries.
  • They have low power capacities, are heavy, have trouble supplying large amounts of current in short time periods, and get expensive to constantly replace
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  • Li-ion batteries have the same high energy capacity as NiMHs, power output rates of NiCads, and weigh about 20%-35% less. They also have zero memory effect problems, meaning you can recharge whenever
  • NiCad (Nickel Cadmium) batteries are good for small to medium size range robots. They have the highest current output, are more affordable than NiMH's, and can be recharged within one or two hours
  • A NiCad, over many charges, can only store less and less energy after each recharge. To prevent memory effect, whenever you wish to recharge your NiCad, you must first fully discharge it.
  • NiCad batteries contain toxic cadmium stuff, so save a squirrel and recycle/dispose of it properly.
  • NiMH battaries can last many more cycles than your typical NiCad battery.
  • they have good current output, and have the highest energy capacity. I would recommend them for small size robots and for powering circuits. Note, NiMH batteries usually take like 10 hours to recharge depending on various factors.
York Jong

Ray's Fred FLED Photopopper Tutorial - 0 views

  • It's practically impossible to solder the FLEDs straight using only your hands
  • This part is rather tricky because there's so little space between the Solar Engine and the 3300uF Cap. -- You can leave more space here if you like, but it just looks better if you keep it all nice and tight
  • Find two FLEDs with the same (or very similar) resistance
York Jong

BEAM Pieces -- Integrated circuits - 0 views

  • 1381s are CMOS voltage-controlled triggers -- these "gate" a source until the voltage is above some "trip" limit, at which point it is allowed onto a third pin
  • We use them as 3- or 5-volt triggers
  • This chip is often considered the heart of Nv net technology
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  • The '240 is often called "the bicore chip," because we can take advantage of the 240's inverters to turn a single 74*240 into a bicore
  • The '240 also has tri-state outputs, so an enable line can be used to turn its outputs on and off simply (good for adding reversing capability to a 'bot).
  • any *cores built with a 74*04 will require additional logic "downstream" to amplify the current to levels sufficient to drive a moto
  • Schmitt triggers can't easily be used in suspended bicore implementations
  • use its buffers as little current amplifiers
  • it is usable for either grounded or suspended bicore designs (but better for suspended)
  • 74HC/HCTxx non-buffers (74HC14 or 74HC04) draw about half of the current consumption, and have about half the drive current compared to HC / HCT buffer chips (74HC240 or 74HC245). Non-buffer chips are thus better for oscillators, say Nv and Nu applications; they are not suited for use in driving motors.
  • 74AC is best suited for motor driver applications with all inputs driven rail to rail.
  • The '245 is an octal buffer chip, and so has 8 channels of buffering power available for our misuse. This chip was designed for data transmission uses, but we'll misuse it as a motor driver chip
  • The '244 provides us with 8 (thus the "octal") buffers, enableable in banks of 4. This is a very useful chip for amplifying small currents
  • it can drive up to 4 motors in 2 directions each, or you can "buddy up" inputs and outputs to drive fewer motors at higher current
  • it can drive up to 4 motors in 2 directions each, or you can "buddy up" inputs and outputs to drive fewer motors at higher current
  • If you can't find 1381s locally, you might have better luck finding its European cousin, the TC-54 -- for details on it
  • Note that if you need more than about 200 mA per motor, you'll need to use an H-bridge, or some similar motor driver
  • The ideal BEAM circuit would use a low (2V-3V) voltage core and sensors combined with level shifting high (5-6V) volt motor drivers to maximize efficiency.
  • 74ACxxx used in typical BEAM applications uses 4x more supply current than does 74HC/HCTxxx.
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    The following material is intended to cover usage and part selection details of ICs you're most likely to see in BEAM robots.
York Jong

1381* - BEAM Wiki - 0 views

  • 1381s are CMOS voltage-controlled triggers -- these "gate" a source until the voltage is above some "trip" limit, at which point it is allowed onto a third pin.
  • If you can't find 1381s locally, you might have better luck finding its European cousin, the TC-54 -- for details on it, see its data sheet.
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