Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) is 20-carbon ω-6 fatty acid. In physiological literature, it is given the name 20:3(n-6). Chemically, DGLA is a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and three cis double bonds; the first double bond is located at the
Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid for the treatment of psychological distress and depressive symptoms in middle-aged women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.\nLucas M, Asselin G, Mérette C, Poulin MJ, Dodin S.\nAm J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb;89(2):641-51. Epub 2008 Dec 30.\nPMID: 19116322 \ndoi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26749
A positive dose-response effect of vitamin D supplementation on site-specific bone mineral augmentation in adolescent girls: a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled 1-year intervention.
Viljakainen HT, Natri AM, Kärkkäinen M, Huttunen MM, Palssa A, Jakobsen J, Cashman KD, Mølgaard C, Lamberg-Allardt C.
J Bone Miner Res. 2006 Jun;21(6):836-44.
PMID: 16753014
doi: 10.1359/jbmr.060302
We conclude that the current vitamin D recommendation for adolescent girls, at least in the northern latitudes, is too low to ensure sufficient vitamin D status during winter. Intake of vitamin D at rates of 10-15 μg/day aids to maintain stable S-25(OH)D concentrations during winter. Vitamin D induced BMC augmentation by decreasing bone resorption, but not affecting bone formation, which was reflected by the biochemical markers of bone turnover. Optimizing bone mineral gain in adolescence is crucial to the prevention of osteoporosis later in life. Increasing vitamin D intake to 10-15 μg/day aids in attaining this goal.
Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind controlled trial.
Trivedi DP, Doll R, Khaw KT.
BMJ. 2003 Mar 1;326(7387):469.
PMID: 12609940
CONCLUSION: Four monthly supplementation with 100 000 IU oral vitamin D may prevent fractures without adverse effects in men and women living in the general community.
Lin PY, Su KP.
A meta-analytic review of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jul;68(7):1056-61.
PMID: 17685742 [PubMed - in process]
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on symptoms of depression in overweight and obese subjects: randomized double blind trial.
Jorde R, Sneve M, Figenschau Y, Svartberg J, Waterloo K.
J Intern Med. 2008 Dec;264(6):599-609. Epub 2008 Sep 10.
PMID: 18793245
Conclusions. It appears to be a relation between serum levels of 25(OH)D and symptoms of depression. Supplementation with high doses of vitamin D seems to ameliorate these symptoms indicating a possible causal relationship.
Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind controlled trial.
Trivedi DP, Doll R, Khaw KT.
BMJ. 2003 Mar 1;326(7387):469.
PMID: 12609940
Conclusion: Four monthly supplementation with 100 000 IU oral vitamin D may prevent fractures without adverse effects in men and women living in the general community.
Omega-3 fatty acids in major depressive disorder. A preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Su KP, Huang SY, Chiu CC, Shen WW.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003 Aug;13(4):267-71. Erratum in: Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004 Mar;14(2):173.
PMID: 12888186
From the preliminary findings in this study, omega-3 PUFAs could improve the short-term course of illness and were well tolerated in patients in major depressive disorder.
Ageless Male is made with a standardized extract called Testofen®, which is a natural and clinically-tested ingredient derived from the fenugreek herb. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled human clinical study on Testofen® has shown it can significantly help boost free testosterone in men within safe, healthy levels.Ageless Male includes vitamin B6, which supports healthy energy metabolism in the body. Instead of an unnatural "jolt" like you'd get from caffeine, your daily intake of this vitamin will promote your body's natural ability to provide energy for your life.
Getting rid of belly fat may be another blueberry health benefit. This is also directly related to boosting heart health. Looks like a diet rich in blueberries can deliver a double health bonus! This report is revealing!
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of winter-time depression experienced by people those who live in northern latitudes such as those of New York, Seattle, all of Canada, and Northern Europe. I believe it is primarily a disorder of sunlight/vitamin D deficiency.
Vitamin D, when administered in late winter, produces a positive effect on mood in only five days.[1] One theory for this is that vitamin D stimulates the brain to produce more serotonin. In a wintertime experiment, serum vitamin D levels doubled in six months through supplementation and dramatically increased scores on a wellbeing assessment.[2] Two groups were given either 1,000 IU or 4,000 IU of vitamin D daily. And although both groups improved, the higher dose produced better results.
ScienceDaily (Aug. 25, 2009) - Low levels of vitamin D are known to nearly double the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes, and researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis now think they know why.
They have found that diabetics deficient in vitamin D can't process cholesterol normally, so it builds up in their blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. The new research has identified a mechanism linking low vitamin D levels to heart disease risk and may lead to ways to fix the problem, simply by increasing levels of vitamin D.
ScienceDaily (Mar. 24, 2009) - Individuals who took a dietary supplement called "factor D", which included selenium, vitamin E, and beta-carotene, continued to have lower gastric cancer and overall mortality 10 years after supplementation ceased compared with individuals who did not take the supplements, according to long-term follow-up data from the randomized, double-blind General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial in Linxian, China.
A recently published study in Nutrition and Cancer (60(5), 643-651) by researchers at Kansai Medical University in Osaka, Japan has shown that AHCC (Active Hexose Correlated Compound) enhances immune function by increasing the number of dendritic cells (DCs).
DCs are a key part of the immune system responsible for presenting foreign substances to other immune system cells.
The study was conducted in a double-blind randomized fashion where twenty-one healthy subjects received a placebo or AHCC at 3.0 g/day for 4 weeks. Blood samples were obtained and measured at baseline and at 4 weeks. The number of circulating types of DCs was measured which included CD 11c+ DCs (myeloid DC population; DC1) and CD11c- DCs (lymphoid DC population; DC2). Other parameters measured included mixed-leukocyte reaction (MLR), natural killer (NK) cell activity, the proliferative response of T lymphocytes toward mitogen (phytohemagglutinin [PHA]) and cytokine production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon gamma-gamma, and (alpha)-tumor necrosis factor.