A high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Finnish medical in- and outpatients.
Kauppinen-Mäkelin R, Tähtelä R, Löyttyniemi E, Kärkkäinen J, Välimäki MJ.
J Intern Med. 2001 Jun;249(6):559-63.
PMID: 11422663
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00847.x
CONCLUSION: Hypovitaminosis D is very common amongst Finnish in- and outpatients in both sexes, causing secondary hyperparathyroidism in females. More extensive studies are warranted to elucidate the vitamin D status of the Finnish population.
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Vitamin D intake is low and hypovitaminosis D common in healthy 9- to 15-year-old Finnish girls.
Lehtonen-Veromaa M, Möttönen T, Irjala K, Kärkkäinen M, Lamberg-Allardt C, Hakola P, Viikari J.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999 Sep;53(9):746-51.
PMID: 10509773
CONCLUSION: Hypovitaminosis D is fairly common in growing Finnish girls in the wintertime, and three months of vitamin D supplementation with 10 microg/d was insufficient in preventing hypovitaminosis D. The daily dietary vitamin D intake was insufficient (< 5 microg/d) in the majority of participants, while the calcium intake was usually sufficient.
Mercury, fish oils, and risk of acute coronary events and cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and all-cause mortality in men in eastern Finland.
Virtanen JK, Voutilainen S, Rissanen TH, Mursu J, Tuomainen TP, Korhonen MJ, Valkonen VP, Seppänen K, Laukkanen JA, Salonen JT.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Jan;25(1):228-33. Epub 2004 Nov 11.
PMID: 15539625
doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000150040.20950.61
Conclusions- High content of mercury in hair may be a risk factor for acute coronary events and CVD, CHD, and all-cause mortality in middle-aged eastern Finnish men. Mercury may also attenuate the protective effects of fish on cardiovascular health.
Mercury may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, high mercury content in hair increased the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in middle-aged Finnish men and attenuated the beneficial effects of fish oils on cardiovascular health. Regular consumption of fish with high mercury content should be avoided.
Valimaki VV, Alfthan H, Lehmuskallio E, Loyttyniemi E, Sahi T, Stenman UH, Suominen H, Valimaki MJ.
Vitamin D status as a determinant of peak bone mass in young Finnish men.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):76-80.
PMID: 14715830 [PubMed - indexe
Vitamin D fortification of milk products does not resolve hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men.
Välimäki VV, Löyttyniemi E, Välimäki MJ.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Apr;61(4):493-7. Epub 2006 Nov 29.
PMID: 17136043
doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602550
Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes: are we ready for a prevention trial?
Scragg R.
Diabetes. 2008 Oct;57(10):2565-6.
PMID: 18820212
doi: 10.2337/db08-0879
Despite evidence from the current article (3) and the Finnish study (17), doubts still remain about whether low vitamin status is a cause of type 2 diabetes. Further cohort studies are required, assessing baseline vitamin D status using blood 25(OH)D to be sure that the Ely and Finnish studies are not false-positive results. Glucose clamp studies are also required because we are still not sure of the mechanism influenced by vitamin D-whether it is insulin resistance, secretion, or both. But most importantly, given that nearly three decades have passed since the first studies linking vitamin D with insulin metabolism (6,7), well-designed clinical trials of the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemia status and diabetes risk are urgently required to settle this question. And they need to prevent past mistakes. In particular, the vitamin D dose given in such trials needs to be high enough-above 2,000 IU per day (19)-to raise blood 25(OH)D levels above 80 nmol/l because diabetes risk is lowest at this level (9,20). If well-designed trials are carried out and confirm a protective effect from vitamin D, it could be used by the general population as a simple and cheap solution to help prevent the diabetes epidemic.
Vitamin D fortification as public health policy: significant improvement in vitamin D status in young Finnish men.
Laaksi IT, Ruohola JP, Ylikomi TJ, Auvinen A, Haataja RI, Pihlajamäki HK, Tuohimaa PJ.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug;60(8):1035-8. Epub 2006 Feb 15.
PMID: 16482069
Association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and bone stress fractures in Finnish young men.
Ruohola JP, Laaksi I, Ylikomi T, Haataja R, Mattila VM, Sahi T, Tuohimaa P, Pihlajamäki H.
J Bone Miner Res. 2006 Sep;21(9):1483-8.
doi: 10.1359/jbmr.060607
Conclusions: A lower level of serum 25(OH)D concentration may be a generally predisposing element for bone stress fractures. Considering the obvious need of additional vitamin D in prevention of stress fractures, the effects of vitamin D fortification of foods and supplementation will be subjects of interest for future research
PMID: 16939407
Association of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with elevated parathyroid hormone concentrations and low cortical bone density in early pubertal and prepubertal Finnish girls.
Cheng S, Tylavsky F, Kröger H, Kärkkäinen M, Lyytikäinen A, Koistinen A, Mahonen A, Alen M, Halleen J, Väänänen K, Lamberg-Allardt C.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Sep;78(3):485-92. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jan;83(1):174.
PMID: 12936933
CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D-deficient girls have low cortical BMD and high iPTH concentrations, which are consistent with secondary hyperparathyroidism. A low vitamin D concentration accompanied by high bone resorption (TRAP 5b) may limit the accretion of bone mass in young girls.
Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life and risk of schizophrenia: a Finnish birth cohort study.
McGrath J, Saari K, Hakko H, Jokelainen J, Jones P, Järvelin MR, Chant D, Isohanni M.
Schizophr Res. 2004 Apr 1;67(2-3):237-45.
PMID: 14984883
Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life is associated with a reduced risk of schizophrenia in males. Preventing hypovitaminosis D during early life may reduce the incidence of schizophrenia.
Glycemic index, glycemic load, and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in Finnish men: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.
Mursu J, Virtanen JK, Rissanen TH, Tuomainen TP, Nykänen I, Laukkanen JA, Kortelainen R, Voutilainen S.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19836217
doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2009.08.001
Conclusions
Our results suggest that both high dietary GI and GL are associated with increased risk of AMI among overweight and GL possibly among less physically active men.
Lack of association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the subsequent risk of prostate cancer in Finnish men.
Faupel-Badger JM, Diaw L, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Woodson K, Tangrea JA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Dec;16(12):2784-6.
PMID: 18086789
doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0672
An association of serum vitamin D concentrations < 40 nmol/L with acute respiratory tract infection in young Finnish men.\nLaaksi I, Ruohola JP, Tuohimaa P, Auvinen A, Haataja R, Pihlajamäki H, Ylikomi T.\nAm J Clin Nutr. 2007 Sep;86(3):714-7.\nPMID: 17823437
High dietary methionine intake increases the risk of acute coronary events in middle-aged men.
Virtanen JK, Voutilainen S, Rissanen TH, Happonen P, Mursu J, Laukkanen JA, Poulsen H, Lakka TA, Salonen JT.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2006 Mar;16(2):113-20. Epub 2005 Nov 2.
PMID: 16487911
doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2005.05.005
Conclusions
The main finding of this study is that long-term, moderately high dietary methionine intake may increase the risk of acute coronary events in middle-aged Finnish men free of prior CHD. More prospective research is needed to confirm the role of dietary methionine in the development of CVD, and whether its effects are independent of homocysteine.
Assessment of dietary vitamin D requirements during pregnancy and lactation.
Hollis BW, Wagner CL.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 May;79(5):717-26. Review.
PMID: 15113709
We found that high-dose maternal vitamin D supplementation not only improves the nutritional vitamin D status of breastfeeding infants but also elevates the maternal concentrations into the mid-normal range. Thus, a dual benefit is achieved from high-dose maternal supplementation. It is noteworthy that in the Finnish study, the authors added a disclaimer, "A sufficient supply of vitamin D to the breastfed infant is achieved only by increasing the maternal supplementation up to 2000 IU/d. Such a dose is far higher than the RDA [DRI] for lactating mothers [and therefore] its safety over prolonged periods is not known and should be examined by further study." This point of concern was valid when this study was conducted in 1986 (92); however, on the basis of the current findings of Vieth et al (2) and of Heaney et al (3)-which showed that vitamin D intakes <= 10 000 IU/d (250 µg) are safe for prolonged periods (up to 5 mo)-we believe that it is time to reexamine the understated DRI of vitamin D for lactating mothers. This work is now being conducted in our clinics and laboratory.