Studies in both humans and rodents, however, suggest that low testosterone is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular luteinizing hormone metabolism
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15
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PLOS ONE: Probiotic Microbes Sustain Youthful Serum Testosterone Levels and Testicular ... - 0 views
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hormone hormones low T low Testosterone hypogonadism Testosterone probiotic L reuters probiotics Lactobacillus lactobacillus reuteri male aging
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Various dietary factors and diet-induced obesity have been shown to increase the risk for late onset male hypogonadism and low testosterone production in both humans and mice
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Testosterone deficiency and metabolic diseases such as obesity appear to inter-digitate in complex cause-and-effect relationships
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dietary supplementation of aged mice with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri makes them appear to be younger than their matched untreated sibling mice
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These results indicate that gut microbiota induce modulation of local gastrointestinal immunity resulting in systemic effects on the immune system which activate metabolic pathways that restore tissue homeostasis and overall health
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all these studies we consistently observed that young and aged mice consuming purified L. reuteri organisms had particularly large testes and a dominant male behavior.
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The testes of probiotic-fed aged mice were rescued from both seminiferous tubule atrophy and interstitial Leydig cell area reduction typical of the normal aging process. Preservation of testicular architecture despite advanced age or high-fat diet coincided with remarkably high levels of circulating testosterone. The beneficial effects of probiotic consumption were recapitulated by the depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17.
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feeding of L. reuteri consistently increased the gonadal weights, consumption of a non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 organisms did not affect testicular weight
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mice with dietary L. reuteri supplements were rescued from diet-induced obesity and had normal body weight and lean physique
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Despite the comparable numbers of ST profiles, we determined that testes from L. reuteri-treated mice had increased ST cross-sectioned profiles
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the probiotic organism induced prominent Leydig cell accumulations in the interstitial tissue between the ST's
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The probiotic-associated increase of interstitial Leydig cell areas was sustained with advancing age at 7 (CD vs CD+LR, P = 0.0025; CD+E.coli vs CD+LR, P = 0.0251) and 12 months
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mice eating L. reuteri had profoundly increased levels of circulating testosterone regardless of the type of diet they consumed
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blocking pro-inflammatory Il-17 signaling entirely recapitulates the beneficial effects of probiotics
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previous studies we found that dietary probiotics counteract obesity [19] and age-related integumentary pathology [18] at least in part by down-regulating systemic pro-inflammatory IL-17A-dependent signaling
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Testes histomorphometry and serum androgen concentration data were both suggestive of a probiotic-associated up-regulation of spermatogenesis in mice
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Lactobacillus reuteri we discovered that aging male animals had larger testes compared to their age-matched controls
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xamined testes of probiotic microbe-fed mice and found that they had less testicular atrophy coinciding with higher levels of circulating testosterone compared to their age-matched controls
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Similar testicular health benefits were produced using systemic depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17 alone, implicating a chronic inflammatory pathway in hypogonadism
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One specific aspect of this paradigm is reciprocal activities of pro-inflammatory Th-17 and anti-inflammatory Treg cells
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Feeding of L. reuteri organisms was previously shown to up-regulate IL-10 levels and reduce levels of IL-17 [19] serving to lower systemic inflammation
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insufficient levels of IL-10 may increase the risk for autoimmunity, obesity, and other inflammatory disease syndromes
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Westernized diets are also low in vitamin D, a nutrient that when present normally works together with IL-10 to protect against inflammatory disorders
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The hormone testosterone has been shown to act directly through androgen receptors on CD4+ cells to increase IL-10 expression
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studies in both humans and rodents suggest that hypogonadism is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular LH metabolism
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We postulate that probiotic gut microbes function symbiotically with their mammalian hosts to impart immune homeostasis to maintain systemic and testicular health [34]–[35] despite suboptimal dietary conditions.
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Dietary factors and diet-induced obesity were previously shown to increase risk for age-associated male hypogonadism, reduced spermatogenesis, and low testosterone production in both humans and mice [2]–[4], [8]–[11], [14]–[17], phenotypic features that in this study were inhibited by oral probiotic therapy absent milk sugars, extra protein, or vitamin D supplied in yogurt.
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Similar beneficial effects of probiotic microbes on testosterone levels and sperm indices were reported in male mice that had been simultaneously supplemented with selenium
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L. reuteri-associated prevention of age- and diet-related testicular atrophy correlates with increased numbers and size of Leydig cells
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the initial changes of testicular atrophy begin to occur in mice from the age of 6 moths onwards [7] and indicates that the trophic effect of L. reuteri on Leydig cells is a key event which precedes and prevents age-related changes in the testes of mice. This effect is reminiscent of earlier studies describing Leydig cell hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in the mouse and the rat testis that were achievable by the administration of gonadotropins, including human chorionic gonadotropin, FSH and LH
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Apr 15
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Testosterone: More Than Having the Guts to Win the Tour de France - 0 views
www.sciencedirect.com/...S1074761313003439
Testosterone gut flora gut microbiome gut microbiota autoimmune disease diabetes
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the commensal microbial community in adult male mice significantly deviates from this shared initial pool.
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the microbiome in castrated adult males clearly shifts away from that of normal adult males and is closer to the microbiome of females
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The incidence of T1D in these mice is positively correlated with the “femaleness” of the microbiota
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These results support the hypothesis that the host androgen level is influential in determining the composition of the microbiota, which in turn affects T1D initiation and progression
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a high testosterone level enriches the microbiota for specific organisms such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and Escherichia coli or Shigella–like (SECS) strains.
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A minimum level of testosterone and specific male-enriched microbes working together upregulate M2 macrophage and IFN-γ producing T cells in pancreatic lymph nodes. Microarray data show that both the IFN-γ and IL-1β pathways are also stimulated.
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they did find that four distinct combinations of microbial groupings (with an interesting lack of overlap at the individual family level in the four experiments) were enhanced by androgen
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one species consists of the segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and belongs to the Firmicutes, whereas the other is an Escherichia coli or Shigella–like (SECS) strain belonging to the Proteobacteria
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colonization with protective microbiomes—e.g., SPF microbiota, SFB, and SECS—is positively correlated with high blood testosterone levels in male mice
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A direct implication of this study is that probiotic administration or fecal transplantation is a theoretically possible approach to protection against T1D
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Dec 15
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Evidence of male hypogonadism at an early age as a familial risk of type 2 diabetes. - ... - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...26639184
Diabetes low Testosterone hormones male hormones low T Testosterone free Testosterone bioavailable Testosterone
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Extra Power Male Enhancement Supplement - 0 views
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Extra Power Male Enhancement Supplement :-It is an all natural herbal preparation for male sexual performance. It is a exclusive blend of high quality ayurvedic mixture. It increases the blood circulation and expand the capillary tissue. Due to increased blood flow more oxygen and nutrients are supplied to male sex organ.
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shared by harshitatyagi on 03 May 23
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9 Ways to Boost Male Fertility & Increase Sperm Count - 0 views
crystaivf.com/...ility-and-increase-sperm-count
Male Fertility How to increase sperm count how to boost male fertility foods to increase sperm count
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Research-based ways to boost male infertility and increase sperm count include various lifestyle changes, such as exercising regularly, Get enough vitamin C, Minimize your stress levels, Quit smoking and limit alcohol, Avoid toxic chemicals in the workplace, Eat more greens. Consider ashwagandha, Aim for a healthy weight, balance zinc levels, etc, Read the full blog.
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The Aging Male Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis: pulsatility and feedback - 0 views
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Guideline for Male Testosterone Therapy: A Clinician's Perspective -- Morgentaler 92 (2... - 0 views
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Dec 14
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Testosterone and benign prostatic hyperplasia Jarvis TR, Chughtai B, Kaplan SA, - Asian... - 0 views
www.ajandrology.com/preprintarticle.asp
Testosterone BPH low T low Testosterone prostate cancer men male hormone hormones
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The prevalence of hypogonadism (often defined as serum testosterone < 300 ng dl−1 ) ranges from 6% [10] to as high as 38%
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The process of BPH, however, continues as men age and despite the fact their serum testosterone decreases
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Liu et al. [12] demonstrated that in a group of older males (mean age 59.8 years) that there was not a significant correlation of serum testosterone levels (total, free or bioavailable) with either prostate volume or International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)
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in eugonadal men, studies have demonstrated that the prostate can increase in volume by approximately 12%
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There seems to be little doubt that the treatment with testosterone of a young hypogonadal male leads to significant growth of the prostate
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Behre et al. [22] demonstrated increased prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in hypogonadal men
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Most studies, however, have shown no effect of exogenous androgens on PSA or prostate volume for older hypogonadal males
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They argue that the prostate is relatively insensitive to changes in androgen concentration at normal levels or in mild hypogonadism because the AR is saturated by androgens and therefore maximal androgen-AR binding is achieved. Conversely, the prostate is very sensitive to changes in androgen levels when testosterone is low
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visceral obesity (one of the most significant components of metabolic syndrome) is associated with prostate volume and influences prostate growth during TRT.
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This hypothesis of inflammation induced LUTS is also argued to be a mechanism for improvement of LUTS with PDE5I
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The concept, therefore, that treatment with TRT of hypogonadal males with metabolic syndrome might lead to improvement/stabilization of their LUTS, appears to be confirmed in recent work by Francomano et al.
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There was also an improvement in components of the patient's metabolic syndrome (such as BMI, waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], insulin sensitivity, and lipid profile) as well as inflammatory markers and C-reactive protein.
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They concluded that TRT was safe in this group of men, and hypothesize that TRT mitigates the pro-inflammatory factors associated with metabolic syndrome.
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Sep 14
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Leptin and Androgens in Male Obesity: Evidence for Leptin Contribution to Reduced Andro... - 0 views
press.endocrine.org/...jcem.84.10.6082
obesity leptin low T low Testosterone Testosterone low T leydig cells LH leutenizing hormone men male hormones hormone
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in male obesity basal and LH-stimulated androgen levels are reduced and inversely correlated with circulating leptin
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it is conceivable that in males high leptin concentrations may have a direct inhibitory effect(s) on Leydig cell function.
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testicular T de novo production is impaired in obese men and that leptin seems to be the best hormonal predictor of this blunted response to LH stimulation
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The low basal 17-OH-P levels found in massively obese men are consistent with a global impairment of Leydig cell steroidogenic function in this group of subjects.
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These findings indicate that obese men have a FM-related defect in the enzymatic conversion of 17-OH-P to T, which is revealed by hCG stimulation.
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Other studies have investigated the adrenal function in male obesity and have shown that basal cortisol and 17-OH-progesterone levels tend to decrease with the increase in the degree of obesity
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High E2 can inhibit the expression and activity of the 17,20-lyase and may be responsible for this steroidogenic lesion
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However, stimulated E2 levels were not higher in the obese than in controls, excluding the fact that the lower androgen response was due to an increased aromatization of T to E2 and that estrogens have a major role in the observed defect of 17,20-lyase activity in obese men.
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the percentage increase in the 17-OH-progesterone to T molar ratio paralleled the increase in leptin levels of obese men
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Multiple regression analysis indicated that the best hormonal predictor of the obesity-related reduction in T and FT basal levels and androgen changes after hCG stimulation was serum leptin concentration
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insulin is known to have stimulatory actions on T production that have been demonstrated in obese and normal weight men (57) and in Leydig cells in culture
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the negative correlation between insulin and basal T can be partly explained by the inhibitory action of insulin on SHBG production
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hypogonadal men have higher circulating leptin levels compared with hypogonadal patients under effective androgen substitution therapy
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The impaired androgen response to LH stimulus was due to a defect in the enzymatic conversion of 17-OH-progesterone to T, which was disclosed by a leptin-related increase in 17-OH-progesterone to T ratio
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Roundup Disrupted Male Reproductive Func... [Free Radic Biol Med. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views
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Glyphosate, component of Roundup is well known to be an endocrine disruptor. This rat study describes the mechanism of disruption of the Sertoli cells resulting in male infertility. In addition to the disruption of spermatogenesis, Glyphosate was shown to deplete glutathione levels compromising detoxification. If that is not enough, oxidative damage marker TBARS was elevated.
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Feb 17
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http://archives.esf.org/fileadmin/Public_documents/Publications/SPB40_MaleReproductiveH... - 0 views
archives.esf.org/...B40_MaleReproductiveHealth.pdf
men male hormones fertility sperm male fertility male reproduction male reproductive health
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Apr 12
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Low Serum Testosterone Increases Mortality Risk among Male Dialysis Patients - 0 views
jasn.asnjournals.org/...613.full
low serum testosterone mortality male patients hemodialysis CVD cardiovascular disease
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jul 12
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JAMA Network | Archives of Internal Medicine | Low Serum Testosterone and Mortality in ... - 0 views
archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx
low testosterone low T mortality men male hormone hormones testosterone CVD
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Feb 12
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Aromatase inhibitors for male infertility. [J Urol. 2002] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...11792932
male infertility anastrozole arimidex aromatase inhibitor inhibition Testosterone:estradiol
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 14
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Lowered testosterone in male obesity: Mechanisms, morbidity and management Tang Fui MN,... - 0 views
www.ajandrology.com/article.asp
Testosterone male obesity overweight men hormone hormones low T Low T
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The number of overweight people is expected to increase from 937 million in 2005 to 1.35 billion in 2030
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Similarly the number of obese people is projected to increase from 396 million in 2005 to 573 million in 2030
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By 2030, China alone is predicted to have more overweight men and women than the traditional market economies combined
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diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), mechanistically implicated in this differential storage, [10] is regulated by dihydrotestosterone, [11] suggesting a potential role for androgens to influence the genetic predisposition to either the MHO or MONW phenotype.
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The fact that obese men have lower testosterone compared to lean men has been recognized for more than 30 years
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epidemiological data suggest that the single most powerful predictor of low testosterone is obesity, and that obesity is a major contributor of the age-associated decline in testosterone levels.
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obesity blunts this LH rise, obesity leads to hypothalamic-pituitary suppression irrespective of age which cannot be compensated for by physiological mechanisms
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Reductions in total testosterone levels are largely a consequence of reductions in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) due to obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia
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although controversial, measurement of free testosterone levels may provide a more accurate assessment of androgen status than the (usually preferred) measurement of total testosterone in situations where SHBG levels are outside the reference range
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marked obesity however is associated with an unequivocal reduction of free testosterone levels, where LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels are usually low or inappropriately normal, suggesting that the dominant suppression occurs at the hypothalamic-pituitary level
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adipose tissue, especially when in the inflamed, insulin-resistant state, expresses aromatase which converts testosterone to estradiol (E 2 ). Adipose E 2 in turn may feedback negatively to decrease pituitary gonadotropin secretion
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In addition to E 2 , increased visceral fat also releases increased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, insulin and leptin; all of which may inhibit the activity of the HPT axis at multiple levels
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In the prospective Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS), moving from a non-obese to an obese state resulted in a decline of testosterone levels
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weight loss, whether by diet or surgery, increases testosterone levels proportional to the amount of weight lost
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Testosterone enhances catecholamine-induced lipolysis in vitro and reduces lipoprotein lipase activity and triglyceride uptake in human abdominal adipose tissue in vivo
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in men with prostate cancer receiving 12 months of androgen deprivation therapy, fat mass increased by 3.4 kg and abdominal VAT by 22%, with the majority of these changes established within 6 months
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increasing body fat suppresses the HPT axis by multiple mechanisms [30] via increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance and diabetes; [19],[44] while on the other hand low testosterone promotes further accumulation of total and visceral fat mass, thereby exacerbating the gonadotropin inhibition
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men undergoing androgen depletion for prostate cancer show more marked increases in visceral compared to subcutaneous fat following treatment
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androgens can act via the PPARg-pathway [37] which is implicated in the differentiation of precursor fat cells to the energy-consuming phenotype
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low testosterone may compound the effect of increasing fat mass by making it more difficult for obese men to lose weight via exercise
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pro-inflammatory cytokines released by adipose tissue may contribute to loss of muscle mass and function, leading to inactivity and further weight gain in a vicious cycle
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Sarcopenic obesity, a phenotype recapitulated in men receiving ADT for prostate cancer, [55] may not only be associated with functional limitations, but also aggravate the metabolic risks of obesity;
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observational evidence associating higher endogenous testosterone with reduced loss of muscle mass and crude measures of muscle function in men losing weight
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A number of intervention studies have confirmed that both diet- and surgically-induced weight losses are associated with increased testosterone, with the rise in testosterone generally proportional to the amount of weight lost
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Testosterone and type 2 diabetes in men. [Aging Male. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14
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Testosterone deficiency syndrome and cardiovascular health: An assessment of beliefs, k... - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3929476
low T Testosterone cardiovascular disease physicians men male hormone hormones
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Testosterone deficiency has a prevalence of 7% in the general population, rising to 20% in elderly males
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Males with CAD have lower testosterone levels than those with normal coronary angiograms of the same age,5 suggesting that the prevalence of testosterone deficiency is much higher in the CAD population
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Men with hypertension, another established risk factor for CAD, have lower testosterone compared to normotensive men
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Recent meta-analyses showed that testosterone levels are generally lower among patients with metabolic syndrome, regardless of the various definitions of metabolic syndrome that are used
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Testosterone (total and bioavailable) and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) are inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in men between the ages of 40 and 80, and this association persists across racial and ethnic backgrounds
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Low testosterone levels have been related to increased insulin resistance and cardiovascular mortality,12 even in the absence of overt type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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testosterone levels (total and bioavailable) in middle-aged men are inversely correlated with insulin resistance
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The Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS) demonstrated that low levels of testosterone and SHBG are independent risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes,
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There is an inverse linear correlation between body mass index (BMI) and wait-to-hip ratio with testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels.
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Testosterone supplementation for 1 year in hypogonadal men has been shown to cause a significant improvement in body weight, BMI, waist size, lipid profile, and C-reactive protein levels
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TRT for 3 months in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes significantly improved fasting insulin sensitivity, fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin.
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Testosterone replacement can improve angina symptoms and delay the onset of cardiac ischemia, likely through a coronary vasodilator mechanism
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ADT is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality.
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ADT significantly increases fat mass, decreases lean body mass,29,30 increases fasting plasma insulin and decreases insulin sensitivity31 and increases serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels
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Startling study on the knowledge of Testosterone and cardiovascular disease in general practitioners and cardiologists in Canada. Eight-eight percent did not screen patients with cardiovascular disease for low Testosterone. A whopping 67% of physicians did not know that low T was a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet 62% believed Testosterone would increase exercise tolerance. The lack of knowledge displayed by physicians today is staggering and is an indictment of the governing bodies. This was a survey conducted in Canada so there are obvious limitations to the strength/conclusion of this study.
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Significance of oestrogens in male (p... [Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2003] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Nov 13
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Prevalence and Incidence of Androgen Deficiency in Middle-Aged and Older Men: Estimates... - 0 views
jcem.endojournals.org/...5920.full
lot T testosterone Massachusetts male aging study MMAS hypogonadism
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