Consumers beware: direct to consumer genetic testing found to have 40% false positive rates with misclassification of variants. This also includes the interpretative reports that often accompany the direct to consumer genetic test companies or included from 3rd parties. This could have huge implications in the use of Epigenetics, pharmacogenetics, and Cancer genetics. These genetic testing needs medical interpretation not algorithms.
Epigenetics: the interplay between genetics and the environment. They influence each other. This study shows how genetic SNPs influence the impact of lipid metabolism in overweight white people. The genetic SNPs influenced how the individuals metabolized dietary fat intake.
transition from catabolism to anabolism is driven by a redox shift
transition from catabolism to anabolism is driven by a redox shift
viral spike protein binds to ACE2 receptor of the host cell [22,23].
redox signaling plays an important role in regulating immune function and inflammation, and disruptions in this signaling can lead to excessive cytokine production and immune system activation
Aging is associated with a poor control of the redox balance
thiol/disulfide homeostasis
reduced extracellular environment in the elderly and the increased susceptibility to Covid-19 infection
reduced extracellular environment in the elderly and the increased susceptibility to Covid-19 infection
Redox signaling tightly modulates the inflammatory response and oxidative stress has been reported in acute Covid-19
People at high risk are the elderly, patients suffering from metabolic syndrome such as obesity, or those suffering from chronic diseases such as cancer or inflammation
COVID-19 patients with severe disease have higher levels of oxidative stress markers and lower antioxidant levels
oxidative stress can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is a protein complex that plays a key role in the cytokine storm
inflammation leads to the formation of ROS and RNS, while redox iMeBalance results in cellular damage, which in turn triggers an inflammatory response
persistently elevated mtROS triggers endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which results in a vicious loop involving ROS, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction
Damaged mitochondria releasing ROS induce inflammation via the NLRP3 inflammasome
Damaged mitochondria releasing ROS induce inflammation via the NLRP3 inflammasome
reduced environment during the cytokine storm
IL-2 is highly up-regulated in Covid-19 patients [37], and IL-2 is known to significantly stimulate the generation of NO in patients
Nitric acid is also the key mediator of IL-2-induced hypotension and vascular leak syndrome
mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of Covid-19
mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by SARS-CoV-2 leads to damage to the mitochondria
mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by SARS-CoV-2 leads to damage to the mitochondria
As catabolism is decreased, entropy is released through anabolism
Elevated levels of lactate, a characteristic of the Warburg effect, were also reported in the high-risk Covid-19
elevated levels of ventricular lactic acid consistent with oxidative stress
A decrease of ΔΨm is implicated in several inflammation-related diseases
decrease in ΔΨm in leucocytes from Covid-19 patients
vaccinated with RNA or DNA vaccines triggering the synthesis of the viral spike protein in human cells
viral reactivation in varicella-zoster virus [55] or hepatitis [56], coagulopathy and resulting stroke and myocarditis following both DNA-based vaccines [57] and RNA-based vaccines
Covid-19, mitochondrial impairment
characteristic of the Warburg effect is present in almost every disease and appears to be a central feature in most of the hallmarks of cancer
inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased lactate concentrations in the extracellular fluid
In Covid-19, like any inflammation, there is a metabolic rewiring where cells rely on glycolysis
As the mitochondria are impaired, the infected cell cannot catabolize efficiently. It will release lactic acid in the blood stream
Striking similarities are seen between cancer, Alzheimer's disease and Covid-19, all related to the Warburg effect
Cancer, inflammation, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases share a common peculiarity, the inability of the cell to export entropy outside the body in the harmless form of heat
Entropy: lack of order or predictability; gradual decline into disorder.
MEB relieves the Warburg effect [87], improves memory [77], is active in the treatment of depressive episodes [79,80] and reduces the importance of ischemic strokes
MEB relieves the Warburg effect [87], improves memory [77], is active in the treatment of depressive episodes [79,80] and reduces the importance of ischemic strokes
MEB has been shown to inhibit SARS-Cov-2 replication in vitro
MEB has been shown to inhibit SARS-Cov-2 replication in vitro
It has been shown that Covid-19-patients treated with MEB, have a significant reduction in hospital stay duration and mortality
MeB is an acceptor-donor molecule
MeB + can take a pair of electrons (of H atoms) and MeBH can release this pair easily, so that MeB is partially recycled like a catalyst
MeB acts as an electron bridge between a donor (FADH2, FMNH, NADH) and an acceptor (complex IV of ETC or oxygen itself)
As a coenzyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) initiates the formation of acetyl-CoA to feed the TCA cycle
ALA enhances the catabolism of carbon. cycle and therefore may reduce the Warburg effect and consequently, lactate production
Methylene Blue plays a similar role after the TCA cycle, by carrying electrons to complex IV of the electron transport chain
Drugs such as lipoic acid and MeB, which target the metabolism, decrease the redox shift by increasing catabolism
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma plays an important role in obesity and fat generation. In this study, they showed how the genetic expression of different PPAR gamma genotypes results in altered physiologic response to fat intake in humans. The interaction between genetics and the environment.
physical contact with infants effects changes in genetic expression--epigenetics. In this study, methylation patters were altered in the evaluation of 4 genes by "maternal contact" with infants 4-5 years later indicating a lasting and possible life-long effect of genetic expression from a mother's hug.
short-term HFO introduces DNA methylation changes on a genome-wide scale in human skeletal muscle
These changes were only partly reversed after 6–8 weeks
The induction of DNA methylation changes after 5 days of HFO supports the growing awareness of DNA methylation as a dynamic signal that is possibly relevant to short-term day-to-day metabolic adaptations, including acute exercise
Diverging DNA methylation levels between elderly, but not young, genetically identical twins indicate that environmental exposures throughout life may permanently influence DNA methylation, suggesting some preservation of de novo DNA methylation in adults
our finding of a slow reversibility rate indicates the demethylation process may be somewhat impeded compared with the induction of methylation changes by diet, which could have implications for the preservation or build-up of CpG methylation over time
A slow reversibility of DNA methylation induced by carcinogenic agents has likewise been observed due to ingestion of high-fat diets in rodents
the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression is not always straightforward
Study finds variability of methylation and some genetic expression alteration with high fat diet. Restated, what you eat interacts with your DNA to alter genetic expression. This has implications on initiation of therapy as well as response to therapy.
statin therapy shown to decrease genetic expression of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Not only do statins damage mitochondria through CoQ10 depletion, but this study shows a new component of the damage statins do: they actually change the human genetic expression. This should startle you.
Only abstract available. The autoimmune disease that can accompany adjuvants in vaccines is a interaction between genetic susceptibility and environment. For example, if a person genetically does not detox well and then they are overloaded with adjuvants in an ever increasing vaccine regimen then they are a set up for ASIA.
How you respond to stress is a reflection of your genetics and environment. The bodies ability to express genes, such as the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, impacts an individual's expression in the face of stress. You have a genetic predisposition, but with poor methylation you end up with more depression in the presence of stress
New study casts doubt on survival benefit from bilateral mastectomy in women with BRCA1 or BRCA 2 breast cancer. Of concern also, only 14% of women had genetic testing done with most occurring at the time of diagnosis. It is very likely that these women had significant family history that could have been identified if genetic testing was performed earlier.
epidemiological study finds that telomere length inversely correlated with longevity, especially in those > 75. The sex differences was significant beyond the age of 50, with women having longer telomere lengths.
If you are considering getting pregnant, or are pregnant, avoid GE foods. Genetically Engineered foods are shown, in this study, to cause changes in the uterine lining and reduction in the number of ovarian follicles. Both of which will contribute/cause infertility.
This study did compare to non GE foods.