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Nathan Goodyear

Obesity in middle age and future risk of dementia:... [BMJ. 2005] - PubMed result - 0 views

  • Obese people (body mass index > or = 30) had a 74% increased risk of dementia
  • Obesity in middle age increases the risk of future dementia independently of comorbid conditions.
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    middle-aged obesity and dementia
Jadibuti jadibuti.net

Top 5 Herbs to Manage Depression and Anxiety Naturally - 0 views

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    Depression is one of the major havocs to human health today that has engulfed a major part of the population. What’s more alarming is the fact that it is prevailing in a lot of young and middle aged people. Depression is a condition ...
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    Depression is one of the major havocs to human health today that has engulfed a major part of the population. What’s more alarming is the fact that it is prevailing in a lot of young and middle aged people. Depression is a condition ...
Nathan Goodyear

Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism | Testosterone and ill-health in ag... - 0 views

  • Levels of total and bioavailable testosterone and SHBG were reported to be inversely correlated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in men aged 40–80 years
  • as were total testosterone and SHBG in men aged 65–96 years
  • and in a cross-sectional analysis of a large cohort of non-diabetic men aged 70–89 years
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • In longitudinal studies, decreased levels of total testosterone and SHBG predicted an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome in nonobese men
  • Free testosterone level is not associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older men
  • Levels of free, bioavailable and total testosterone are lower in men with T2DM than in age-matched controls,34, 35 and decreased total testosterone level predicts incident T2DM in middle-aged men.
  • men with T2DM commonly have low total or free testosterone levels
  • Total, bioavailable and free testosterone levels are inversely correlated with fasting insulin level and insulin resistance in middle-aged men without T2DM
  • total testosterone is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in men with normal or impaired glucose tolerance or T2DM
  • low SHBG level is more strongly associated with metabolic syndrome than low total testosterone in aging men
  • the recognized association between low SHBG level and insulin resistance
  • Low levels of SHBG are also associated with smaller, denser LDL-cholesterol molecules in nondiabetic men,58 and were found to predict increased cardiovascular disease mortality in one study of older men
  • Low levels of SHBG might reflect obesity, insulin resistance and overall poor health
  • Compared with those who have normal testosterone levels, men aged 40 years or more with total testosterone levels <9.8 nmol/l or elevated LH level have greater CIMT
  • In men aged 73–94 years, total testosterone was inversely correlated with CIMT
  • a prospective analysis of men aged 73–91 years, progression of CIMT was not related to total testosterone level, but it was inversely related to free testosterone level
  • A study of men aged 55 years or more found that those with total and bioavailable testosterone levels in the highest tertile had a lower risk of severe aortic atherosclerosis (detected by radiography as abdominal aortic calcification) than those with the lowest testosterone levels.
  • a large study of men aged 69–80 years, those with total or free testosterone in the lowest quartile had increased odds of lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease
  • the possibility of reverse causation has to be considered, as systemic illness can result in decreased testosterone levels
  • previous case–control studies and longitudinal studies have failed to identify low testosterone levels as strong predictors of clinically significant coronary disease
  • Reviews of trials on testosterone therapy in men with either low or low-to-normal testosterone levels have not shown consistent beneficial effects either on lipid profiles or on actual cardiovascular events.24, 54, 55 These trials, however, have not been designed or powered to detect treatment-related differences in cardiovascular outcome
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    Declining Testosterone or low Testosterone is clearly associated with poor health in men.   Very nice review of the association between low Testosterone and metabolic dysfunction.  Low T is associated with increased metabolic syndrome, Diabetes, weight gain, insulin resistance...
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone level in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and related metabolic... - 0 views

  • defined by consistent symptoms and signs of androgen deficiency, and an unequivocally low serum testosterone level
  • the threshold serum testosterone level below which adverse clinical outcomes occur in the general population is not known
  • most population-based studies use the serum testosterone level corresponding to the lower limit, quoted from 8.7 to 12.7 nmol/L, of the normal range for young Caucasian men as the threshold
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      this equals 251 to 366 in serum Total Testosterone
  • ...57 more annotations...
  • Researchers tried to examine whether serum total or free testosterone would be a better/more reliable choice when studying the effect of testosterone. The results were mixed. Some reported significant associations of both serum total and free testosterone level with clinical parameters25, whereas others reported that only serum free testosterone26 or only serum total testosterone6 showed significant associations.
  • −0.124 nmol/L/year in serum total testosterone
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      this equates to a 4 ng/dl decline annually in total Testosterone.
  • In experimental studies, androgen receptor knockout mice developed significant insulin resistance rapidly
  • In mouse models, testosterone promoted differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to the myogenic lineage
  • testosterone decreased insulin resistance by enhancing catecholamine induced lipolysis in vitro, and reducing lipoprotein lipase activity and triglyceride uptake in human abdominal tissue in vivo
  • by promoting lipolysis and myogenesis, testosterone might lead to improved insulin resistance
  • testosterone regulated skeletal muscle genes involved in glucose metabolism that led to decreased systemic insulin resistance
  • In the liver, hepatic androgen receptor signaling inhibited development of insulin resistance in mice
  • independent and inverse association of testosterone with hepatic steatosis shown in a cross-sectional study carried out in humans
  • In short, androgen improves insulin resistance by changing body composition and reducing body fat.
  • Although a low serum testosterone level could contribute to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes through changes in body composition, obesity might also alter the metabolism of testosterone
  • In obese men, the peripheral conversion from testosterone to estrogen could attenuate the amplitude of luteinizing hormone pulses and centrally inhibit testosterone production
  • leptin, an adipokine, has been shown to be inversely correlated with serum testosterone level in men
  • Leydig cells expressed leptin receptors and leptin has been shown to inhibit testosterone secretion, suggesting a role of obesity and leptin in the pathogenesis of low testosterone
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      So what is "unequivocal"?
  • Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) cohort made up of 3,565 middle-class, mostly Caucasian men from the USA, the incidence of low serum total testosterone increased from approximately 20% of men aged over 60 years, 30% over 70 years, to 50% over 80 years-of-age
  • 30–44% sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)-bound testosterone and 54–68% albumin-bound testosterone
  • As the binding of testosterone to albumin is non-specific and therefore not tight, the sum of free and albumin-bound testosterone is named bioavailable testosterone, which reflects the hormone available at the cellular level
  • Serum total testosterone is composed of 0.5–3.0% of free testosterone unbound to plasma proteins
  • alterations in SHBG concentration might affect total serum testosterone level without altering free or bioavailable testosterone
  • listed in Table​T
  • A significant, independent and longitudinal effect of age on testosterone has been observed with an average change of −0.124 nmol/L/year in serum total testosterone28. The same trend has been shown in Europe and Australia
  • Asian men residing in HK and Japan, but not those living in the USA, had 20% higher serum total testosterone than in Caucasians living in the USA, as shown in a large multinational observational prospective cohort of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study
  • subjects with chronic diseases consistently had a 10–15% lower level compared with age-matched healthy subjects
  • In Caucasians, the mean serum total testosterone level for men in large epidemiological studies has been reported to range from 15.1 to 16.6 nmol/L
  • Asians, higher values, ranging from 18.1 to 19.1 nmol/L, were seen in Korea and Japan
  • Chinese middle-aged men reported a similar mean serum testosterone level of 17.1 nmol/L in 179 men who had a family history of type 2 diabetes and 17.8 nmol/L in 128 men who had no family history of type 2 diabetes
  • The reduction of total testosterone was 0.4% per year in both groups
  • HK involving a cohort of 1,489 community-dwelling men with a mean age of 72 years, a mean serum total testosterone of 19.0 nmol/L was reported
  • pro-inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α in the testes, could locally inhibit testosterone biosynthesis in Leydig cells47, and testosterone treatment in men was shown to reduce the level of tumor necrosis factor-α
  • In Asians, a genetic deletion polymorphism of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase UGT2B17 was associated with reduced androgen glucuronidation. This resulted in higher level of active androgen in Asians as compared to Caucasians, as Caucasians' androgen would be glucuronidated into inactive forms faster.
  • Compared with Caucasians, the frequency of this deletion polymorphism of UGT2B17 was 22-fold higher in Asian subjects
  • Other researchers have suggested that environmental, but not genetic, factors influenced serum total testosterone
  • The basal and ligand-induced activity of the AR is inversely associated with the length of the CAG repeat chain
  • In the European Male Aging Study, increased estrogen/androgen ratio in association with longer AR CAG repeat was observed
  • a smaller number of AR CAG repeat had been shown to be associated with benign prostate hypertrophy and faster prostate growth during testosterone treatment
  • In India, men with CAG ≤19 had increased risk of prostate cancer
  • the odds of having a short CAG repeat (≤17) were substantially higher in patients with lymph node-positive prostate cancer than in those with lymph node-negative disease or in the general population
  • assessing the polymorphism at the AR level could be a potential tool towards individualized assessment and treatment of hypogonadism.
  • In elderly men, there was reduced testicular response to gonadotropins with suppressed and altered pulsatility of the hypothalamic pulse generator
  • a significant, independent and longitudinal effect of age on serum total testosterone level had been observed
  • A significant graded inverse association between serum testosterone level and insulin levels independent of age has also been reported in Caucasian men
  • Low testosterone is commonly associated with a high prevalence of MES
  • most studies showed that changes in serum testosterone level led to changes in body composition, insulin resistance and the presence of MES, the reverse might also be possible
  • MES predicted a 2.6-fold increased risk of development of low serum testosterone level independent of age, smoking and other potential confounders
  • Other prospective studies have shown that development of MES accelerated the age-related decline in serum testosterone level
  • In men with type 2 diabetes, changes in serum testosterone level over time correlated inversely with changes in insulin resistance
  • weight loss by either diet control or bariatric surgery led to a substantial increase in total testosterone, especially in morbidly obese men, and the rise in serum testosterone level was proportional to the amount of weight lost
  • To date, published clinical trials are small, of short duration and often used pharmacological, not physiological, doses of testosterone
  • In the population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study cohort from Sweden, men in the highest quartile of serum testosterone level had the lowest risk of cardiovascular events compared with men in the other three quartiles (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70
  • low serum total testosterone was associated with a significant fourfold higher risk of cardiovascular events when comparing men from the lowest testosterone tertile with those in the highest tertile
  • Shores et al. were the first to report that low serum testosterone level, including both serum total and free testosterone, was associated with increased mortality
  • low serum total testosterone predicted increased risk of cardiovascular mortality with a HR of 1.38
  • low serum total testosterone increased all-cause (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.13–1.62, P < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.25
  • European Association for the Study of Diabetes 2013 suggested there was an inverse relationship between serum testosterone level and acute myocardial infarction
  • Diabetic men in the highest quartile of serum total testosterone had a significantly reduced risk of acute MI when compared with those in the lower quartiles
  • serum total testosterone level in the middle two quartiles at baseline predicted reduced incidence of death compared with having the highest and lowest levels
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    Nice review of Testosterone levels and some of the evidence linking Diabetes with low T.  However, the conclusion by the authors regarding what is causing the low T in men with Diabetes is baffling.  The literature does not point to one cause, it is clearly multifactorial--obesity, inflammation, high aromatase activity...I would suggest the authors continue their readings in the manner.
Nathan Goodyear

Neutral associations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol with fatal and ... - 0 views

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    study of middle aged men (mean age--50) finds no correlation between Testosterone, DHT, and higher Estradiol levels in CVD outcomes, including mortality.  Men who died during the study had lower total Testosterone, free Testosterone, and DHT levels than those that survived during the study.
Alan Rann

Bad Credit Surgery Loans- Get Incredible Look With Simple Finance Within Short Time Of ... - 0 views

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    Cosmetic surgery is quite exclusive which a middle class person can't afford it with their limited salary or income. Hence, lender commenced easy bad credit surgery loans through which any low credit people can access sufficient cash support for any category of surgery operating cost with easy repayment tenure.
Nathan Goodyear

The effects of testosterone tr... [Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Testosterone shown to benefit middle aged, obese men.
Nathan Goodyear

Risk of Parkinson Disease Onset in Patients With Diabetes - 0 views

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    Diabetes associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease in young men, middle aged women, and the elderly.
Nathan Goodyear

Sex steroids and cardiovascular disease Yeap BB - Asian J Androl - 0 views

  • Levels of SHBG are higher in older men, therefore levels of free T decline more steeply than total T as men's age increases.
  • calculations based on mass action equations may not reflect precisely free T measured using a reference method
  • free T declines more steeply with age than total T in both cross-sectional [35] and longitudinal studies, [36] as does free E2 in comparison to total E2
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  • T may slow development of or progression of atherosclerosis by modulating effects on insulin resistance, inflammation, endothelial function, preclinical atherosclerosis or the vasculature.
  • these cross-sectional and longitudinal studies support a relationship between low circulating T with CIMT and higher E2 with its progression
  • lower levels of T are biomarkers for aortic vascular disease
  • circulating free T was negatively associated with the presence of AAA
  • luteinizing hormone (LH) was positively associated.
  • low levels of total or bioavailable T were associated with aortic atherosclerosis manifested as calcified deposits detected by radiography
  • Men with total or free T in the lowest quartile had increased adjusted ORs for PAD defined as ABI <0.90, as did men with free E2 in the highest quartile of values
  • The apparent association of SHBG with intermittent claudication reflects the correlation of total T with SHBG, while the contribution of E2 to risk of PAD remains unclear
  • men with total T in the lowest quartile of values (<11.7 nmol l−1 ) experienced an increased incidence of stroke or transient ischemic attack
  • lower total T with increased incidence of CVD events
  • cohort studies in mostly older men have supported the association of lower androgen levels with higher mortality
  • lower total or free T levels were associated with mortality in older men, but with discordant results for cause-specific mortality and for associations of E2
  • several large studies identifying lower endogenous levels of total or free T as independent predictors of all-cause or CVD-related deaths in middle-aged and older men
  • T exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, enhances flow-mediated brachial artery reactivity, and reduces arterial stiffness
  • Short-term T therapy had a beneficial effect on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in middle-aged men with coronary artery disease or chronic stable angina, [95],[96],[97] and reduced angina frequency in older men with diabetes and coronary artery disease
  • T therapy resulted in an increase in treadmill test duration and time to ST segment depression
  • there are interventional studies supporting a protective effect of exogenous T against myocardial ischemia in men with coronary artery disease
  • employ conservative doses
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      This dosing is 100 fold higher then peak production of a  young man at 20-22.
  • Observational studies indicate that lower levels of endogenous T in older men are associated with the presence of carotid atherosclerosis, aortic and peripheral vascular disease, and incidence of CVD events and mortality
  • Interventional studies have shown beneficial effects of exogenous T on vascular function and on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in men with coronary artery disease
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      the therapies employed in these studies were massively overdosed.
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    Nice review of all the sex hormones and their relationship to CVD in men.  
Nathan Goodyear

In Older Men an Optimal Plasma Testosterone Is Associated With Reduced All-Cause Mortal... - 0 views

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    Older men, 70-89, Testosterone in the middle range of normal and higher DHT was associated with the lowest death rates.  Estradiol was not found to be associated.  This study only looked at Total levels, free bioavailable levels were not assessed.  This study also highlights the basic thought, that more is not always better as it pertains to Testosterone.  It also highlights the importance of DHT.  Testosterone is a pro hormone.
Nathan Goodyear

The memory enhancing effects of a ... [Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2000] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Combination Ginkgo and Panax ginseng improves memory quality in small study of healthy middle-aged adults.
Nathan Goodyear

Age-related hormonal adaptations, muscle circumference and strength development with 8w... - 0 views

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    Moderate resistance training program over 8 weeks associated with increased Testosterone production in young and middle age lean men.  Growth hormone was also increased in both groups.  ACTH and cortisol decreased in this lean men.  
Nathan Goodyear

Relationship between Low Free Testosterone Levels and Loss of Muscle Mass : Scientific ... - 0 views

  • Our data confirm that a low FT level is a significant predictor of a risk for loss of appendicular muscle
  • Total lean mass is associated with bioavailable T in postmenopausal women
  • Further studies are needed to determine the role of androgens in preserving muscle mass in women
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  • Approximately 1% to 2% of T in the blood exists as FT
  • appendicular muscle loss was significantly associated with low levels of FT
  • These results suggest that a threshold level of FT exists for muscle loss, rather than a dose-response relationship
  • In the previous cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of French and American men, no dose-response relationships were reported between T and muscle mass
  • A minimal serum level of FT may be needed to preserve muscle mass in men, regardless of race/ethnicity.
  • Our result is in line with previous studies that reported a relationship between low FT and low muscle mass in men
  • T stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein degradation in muscle cells
  • T also increases satellite cell replication and activation in older men
  • In this study, no significant association between TT levels and muscle loss were observed
  • Although a progressive decrease in TT levels with ageing is observed in middle-aged and elderly American men16, 17, the TT levels do not change during ageing in Japanese men
  • FT levels may be a good marker for the loss of muscle mas
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    study of Japanese men finds that low free Testosterone was a predictor of decrease in muscle mass.
Nathan Goodyear

In Older Men an Optimal Plasma Testosterone Is Associated With Reduced All-Cause Mortal... - 0 views

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    men with Testosterone levels in the middle quintiles had the lowest risk of death compared to low and high quintile levels.  
Nathan Goodyear

An unusual cause of adult onset cerebellar ataxia with hypogonadism - 0 views

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    cases study of a middle age man with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and celiac disease.
wheelchairindia9

Ergo Lite 2 - 0 views

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    Lightweight Ergonomic Wheelchair is designed to cradle patients in comfort while reducing risk of pressure sores, relieving pressure, dispersing weight evenly and improving stability. The Ergo Lite Wheelchair is easy to lift and its small size makes it ideal for travel. Weighing only 19.8 lbs., the chair is easy to store and transport. The chair folds down the middle like a standard wheelchair and the backrest also folds down to make the wheelchair even more compact. The Karman wheelchairs are exceptional in both their function and style. With comfort built right into the frame of a wheelchair eliminating the need for a "thick cushion" to add comfort, S-Shape seat allows the wheelchair to be "ergonomically correct" putting into a seating position and comfort conforming to natural body's curves. These chairs are built for comfort and quality to stand the test of time. Karma S Ergo 305 Wheelchair: The Karma S Ergo 305 Wheelchair weighs only 13 kg, has a 115 kg weight capacity and is available in 16" and 18" seat widths. With wheels and footrest removed this chair weighs 10 kg. Karma S Ergo 305 Wheelchair Features: Only 10 kg. (w/ wheels & footrests removed) Folding backrest, for transporting chair in car, bus, trips, ect. Swing in & away footrest for maximum safety while entering or exiting the chair 24" Quick Release rear spoke/polyurethane/high profile/flat free wheels & 7×1" front casters Seat Width: 18"x17" OR 16" x 17" Upholstery: Silver/Black mesh AEIGIS back and seat cushion Height Adjustable Armrest Factory Height Settings should be selected at time of purchase for convenience High strength, weighs only 13 kg. (w/o footrests) Anti-Bacterial Upholstery/Cushion Flip back armrests w/ wider contoured arm pads for maximum comfort "Tube-in Center" foot-plate, assures better side leg support Frame Color: Pearl Silver & Rose Red Axle Adjustable Seat Height ( 18", 19", 20") Weight Capacity: 115 kg. Karma KM 2512 Ergo Lite 2 Wheel
wheelchairindia9

Ergonomic Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Lightweight Ergonomic Wheelchair is designed to cradle patients in comfort while reducing risk of pressure sores, relieving pressure, dispersing weight evenly and improving stability. The Ergo Lite Wheelchair is easy to lift and its small size makes it ideal for travel. Weighing only 19.8 lbs., the chair is easy to store and transport. The chair folds down the middle like a standard wheelchair and the backrest also folds down to make the wheelchair even more compact. Also features companion brakes located on handles for added safety and comfort. Ergonomic Wheelchairs are ultra lightweight and have a supportive seating system to provide pressure relief and anti-slippage giving the user excellent stability and posture support. . Better Ergonomic wheelchair for Comfort: Sit for any length of time in a fixed position in a traditional transport chair and it will feel how painful bad ergonomics can be. It is fully reclined 25° angle, which minimizes slumping and sliding. And because of this can be easily adjusted with the push of a button, it can change positions frequently over time, reducing the chance of secondary conditions that may include pressure sores. Designed to Fit Almost Everyone: It is one of the most extensively researched seat profiles specifically design to accommodate users ranging in size from small women to large men, with the greatest amount of comfort and proper posture/spinal support. The Karman wheelchairs are exceptional in both their function and style. With comfort built right into the frame of a wheelchair eliminating the need for a "thick cushion" to add comfort, S-Shape seat allows the wheelchair to be "ergonomically correct" putting into a seating position and comfort conforming to natural body's curves. These chairs are built for comfort and quality to stand the test of time. Ergonomic Wheelchair is Right: Ergonomic Wheelchair is designed for users who will spend a large amount of time in the chair. This wheelchair'
wheelchairindia9

Leg Traction Brace - 0 views

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    Tynor Leg Traction Brace is basically designed to provide traction to the leg. It works well even on the weak or geriatric skin. It ensures proper compression of the leg and provides traction. It is made of three layered polyurethane fabric which makes it soft and comfortable to use. The innermost layer gives the required friction for faster recovery. It is augmented with hook and loop closures to make it convenient to put on and remove. It does not require any adhesion. It provides cushion like support to the leg and relieves it from pain. It also prevents the bone from getting fractured and any muscle pull. It does not cause any peeling of skin and any rash or allergy on skin. It distributes the pressure exerted on the leg evenly. Tynor Leg Traction Brace Leg traction brace is a traction halter applied to the leg for below knee traction. It offers a distinct advantage of a very large holding surface area, ease of application and removal, reuse and patient comfort. Easy application & removal. Can be used for geriatric/ weak skin. Ideal for sensitive skins. Easy monitoring. Distributes pressure evenly. Tynor Leg Traction Brace Features Three-layered PU bonded fabric offers: Soft feel and plush looks through the top layer. Comfortable cushioning through the middle Polyurethane layer. Inner layer provides good frictional characteristics. Multiple hook loop closures Ensure controlled compression. Easy application and removal No loosening, less monitoring Large skin contact area Ensures no vaso-constriction. Eliminates need of an adhesive. Convenient and quick to apply Ensures no skin peeling. Ideal for weak or geriatric skins Tynor Rib Belt Rib belt is applied to the thoracic and upper abdominal region to compress and bind the rib cage during rib fractures and postoperative care, while allowing sufficient flexibility for comfortable breathing. Extra porous. With splinting pad. No buckling or rolling over. Controlled compression
Nathan Goodyear

Age Trends in the Level of Serum Testosterone and Other Hormones in Middle-Aged Men: Lo... - 0 views

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    This study found that in longitudinal studies, testosterone decline accelerated compared to cross sectional studies.  They concluded that decreasing health could be the explanation.  But, what if the decline in testosterone explained the decreasing health?
Nathan Goodyear

Age-associated changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function in middle-aged and... - 0 views

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    weight gain and obesity are associated with a dysfunctional HPA axis and low testosterone in men.  Reduction in weight will restore HPA axis function.
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