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Nathan Goodyear

Epidemiology and etiology of meningioma - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2945461

Meningioma brain tumor

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Feb 13
     
    Good review on the current evidence of Meningioma's.  Good statistical discussion on the risk factors, associations, and pathophysiology of meniingioma's.
Nathan Goodyear

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in inflammation control - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...453.short

PPAR PPARs peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors inflammation NF-kapppB PPAR-gamma PPAR-alpha

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Oct 12
     
    PPARs are key regulators in inflammation control. PPARs are nuclear transcription factors that decrease NF-KappaB transcription.
Nathan Goodyear

Telomerase at the intersection of cancer and aging - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3896987

telomere telomeres telomerase telomerase activator aging disease cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 May 16 - No Cached
  • The anti-aging role of telomerase has been demonstrated to be largely mediated by its canonical role in elongating telomeres, which prevents the accumulation of critically short telomeres and loss of tissue homeostasis
  • Short telomeres, and subsequent DDR activation, could occur both in cancer and aging
  • increased abundance of short telomeres correlates with higher genomic instability and decreased longevity in various organisms, including mice, zebrafish, and yeast
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • mice deficient for telomerase or for telomere binding proteins are characterized by accelerated age-related defects
  • In humans, short telomeres are considered good indicators of an individual’s health status and correlate with both genetic and environmental factors
  • Although recent findings strongly support the idea that short telomeres drive several age-related diseases 38 we cannot exclude the possibility that in some situations short telomeres may be a consequence of the disease itself.
  • the current view is that telomerase deficiency may contribute to the early steps of cancer development by fueling chromosomal instability, while subsequent activation of telomerase may be necessary to allow tumor growth and tumor progression towards more malignant states
  • telomerase activation can be an early event in cancer, it is not necessary for cancer initiation
  • telomerase can stimulate tumor progression by ensuring maintenance of telomeres above a critically short length, thus preventing induction of cellular senescence or apoptosis
  • Almost all human cancers present activation of telomerase as a hallmark, most likely as a mechanism to allow unlimited cell proliferation of tumor cells
  • recent evidence demonstrated that short telomeres alone could lead to genomic instability and cancer
  • Getting rid of telomerase can also be problematic; the lack of telomerase could lead to increased chromosomal instability, which in turn could be at the basis for cancer initiation when tumor suppressor barriers are bypassed
  • telomerase activation is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of age-related diseases
  • telomerase activation in adult or old mice by means of a gene therapy strategy was shown to be sufficient to improve metabolic fitness, neuromuscular capacity, and prevent bone loss, as well as significantly increase both median and maximum longevity, without increased cancer incidence
  • These studies suggest that telomerase expression could be considered a feasible approach to reverse tissue dysfunction and extend healthy lifespan without increasing cancer incidence
  • humans almost completely lose telomerase activity from somatic tissues in the adulthood
  • a change of paradigm seems to be occurring in telomerase biology, with a switch from viewing telomerase as fueling cancer to reversing aging
  • Telomerase expression in a background of high levels of tumor suppressors or in aged organisms seems to prevent its expected pro-cancer activity and yet it still functions as an anti-aging factor
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 May 16
     
    Telomerase activity and longer telomere length is shown to correlated inversely with many chronic diseases of aging.  In contrast, telomerase activity is found to be involved in carcinogenesis.  Increased carcinogenic potential of telomerase activity has not borne out in studies.  In addition, increased CD8 cell activity as a result of telomerase activation will actually decrease carcinogenic potential via NK activation.
Nathan Goodyear

Estriol and Progesterone: A New Role for Sex Hormones - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3614637

Estriol Progesterone autoimmune disease inflammation hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 May 16 - No Cached
  • Pregnancy-associated Th2 shift has been proposed as a mechanism underlying the improvement of Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases (as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), autoimmune thyoriditis, uveitis, and psoriatic arthritis
  • Th2-mediated autoimmune diseases (as systemic lupus erythematosus)
  • During pregnancy PRG serum level increases by a factor of 4, while estrogen estriol (E3) serum concentration increases by a factor of 20
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • In pregnant women at or near term there is a daily production of about 300 μmol (80 mg) of E3 and 1 mmol (300 mg) of PRG
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 May 16
     
    Estriol and Progesterone associated, as found with pregnancy, associated with decrease in Th1 autoimmune disease.
Nathan Goodyear

Boswellia Serrata, A Potential Antiinflammatory Agent: An Overview - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3309643

boswellia Frankincense inflammation NF-kappaB arthritis cancer osteoarthritis rheumatoid arthritis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Jun 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Jun 16
     
    review article of anti-inflammatory effects of Boswellia.  Boswellia inhibits 5-LOX and resultant leukotrienes.  3-actyl-11-keto-Beta-boswellic acid is the most potent inhibitor of 5-LOX.  As it relates to disease states and symptoms, Boswellia reduces pain in OA and RA.  Boswellia also shown to inhibit NF-kappa B: a potent nuclear transcription factor for inflammation.  In prostate cancer, Boswellia inhibits prostate tumor growth.
hadiyasafdar

Eyebrow Hair Transplant in Dubai & Abu Dhabi | Hair Transplant Dubai - 0 views

www.hairtransplantdubai.com/eyebrow-hair-transplant-dubai

#eyebrowhairtransplantindubai

shared by hadiyasafdar on 03 Mar 17 - No Cached
  • hadiyasafdar on 03 Mar 17
     
    Eyebrow hair loss is rare. However, this does not make it less disturbing for the people who experience it. There are many factors, which can contribute to the eyebrow hair loss. Over-plucking, medication, eczema, alopecia areata, and lupus are some common triggers of eyebrow hair loss
Nathan Goodyear

Natural Killer Cells in Pregnancy and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Endocrine and Immunolog... - 0 views

edrv.endojournals.org/...44.full

natural killer cells pregnancy loss recurrent immune system miscarriage NK

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • NK cells have been the cells most extensively studied, primarily because they constitute the predominant leukocyte population present in the endometrium at the time of implantation and in early pregnancy
  • parental chromosomal abnormalities, uterine anatomic anomalies, endometrial infections, endocrine etiologies (luteal phase defect, thyroid dysfunction, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus), antiphospholipid syndrome, inherited thrombophilias, and alloimmune causes
  • estrogen
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • progesterone
  • prolactin
  • In summary, in vivo animal experiments have shown an inhibitory role of estrogen on peripheral NK cell lytic activity, which is partly due to suppression of NK cell output by the bone marrow and partly due to suppression of individual NK cell cytotoxicity. However, in vitro studies so far have failed to show conclusively a direct effect of estrogen on NK cells.
  • At the progesterone concentrations believed to be present in the uterus [up to 10−5 m at the maternal-fetal interface (35)], studies consistently show inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation (33) and inhibition of NK cytolytic activity in vitro
  • The exact role of prolactin in NK cell regulation is unknown.
  • The overall effects of estrogen on NK cells are likely multifactorial, therefore, and depend on the type of cell affected as well as the kind of ER expressed by that cell.
  • It is known that progesterone can directly affect T cell differentiation in vitro, suppressing development of the Th1 pathway and enhancing differentiation along the Th2 pathway (44)
  • Th1 cells predominantly produce interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-2, and TNF-β and are involved in cell-mediated immunity. Th2 cells produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 and stimulate humoral immunity
  • Furthermore, in response to progesterone, γδ T cells produce progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) (54
  • A defining characteristic of NK cells is their ability to lyse target cells without prior sensitization and without restriction by HLA antigens.
  • NK cell function is mainly regulated by IL-2 and IFN-γ
  • IL-2 causes both NK cell proliferation and enhanced cytotoxicity. IFN-γ augments NK cytolytic activity, but does not cause NK proliferation. The two cytokines act synergistically to augment NK cytotoxicity (6).
  • The largest leukocyte population in the endometrium consists of NK cells named large granulated lymphocytes
  • there is a significant increase in the number of uNK cells throughout the secretory phase, which peaks in early pregnancy when uNK cells comprise about 75% of uterine leukocytes (62)
  • Second, uNK cell phenotype changes during the normal menstrual cycle and early pregnancy (68)
  • general proinflammatory effect of estrogen, causing an influx of macrophages and neutrophils, which is antagonized by progesterone through its receptor (70, 71).
  • The mechanism of such a progesterone-induced local immunosuppression is unclear.
  • progesterone plays an important role in proliferation and differentiation of uNK cells (32).
  • Through promotion of a uterine Th2 environment, progesterone could indirectly affect uNK cell function
  • The mechanism of this increase in uNK cell numbers has been addressed in both human and mouse models, and is likely the result of: 1) recruitment of peripheral NK cells to the uterus, and 2) proliferation of existing uNK cells
  • prolactin system plays an important role in implantation and the maintenance of pregnancy
  • the exact pathways of hormonal regulation of NK cells remain to be delineated.
  • The exact function of uNK cells has not yet been unequivocally determined
  • uNK cells express a different cytokine profile, compared with resting peripheral NK cells. mRNAs for granulocyte CSF, M-CSF, GM-CSF, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) have been found in decidual CD56+ cells
  • Their increased numbers in early pregnancy, their hormonal dependence, and their close proximity to the infiltrating trophoblast all suggest that they play an important role in the regulation of the maternal immune response to the fetal allograft and the control of trophoblast growth and invasion during human pregnancy
  • role of uNK cell-derived cytokines on trophoblast growth and differentiation (114, 115, 116, 117).
  • Th1 immunity to trophoblast is associated with RPL, whereas Th2 immunity is associated with a successful pregnancy
  • RPL is associated with Th1 immunity, for which NK cells are partly responsible.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Apr 12
     
    dysregulated immune system plays role in recurrent miscarriage.  Specifically, this article discusses natural killer cells (NK).
Nathan Goodyear

The Dark Side of Testosterone Deficiency: III. Cardiovascular Disease -- Traish et al. ... - 0 views

www.andrologyjournal.org/...477

testosterone deficiency low cardiovascular disease CVD T

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 Apr 12
     
    low testosterone is risk factor for CVD in men.  Of course, normalization of testosterone should be employed and followed in those men that have low T.
Nathan Goodyear

The 4-Pregnene and 5α-Pregnane Progesterone Metabolites Formed in Nontumorous... - 0 views

cancerres.aacrjournals.org/...936.full

progesterone metabolism cancer risk 4-pregnene 5alpha-pregnane

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • We report here the first evidence that tumorous breast tissue exhibits elevated 5α-reductase activity, which promotes significant increases in 5α-pregnanes, especially 5αP,4 whereas the normal (nontumorous) breast tissue produces more 4-pregnenes, especially 3αHP
  • 3αHP and other 4-pregnenes inhibit, whereas 5αP and other 5α-pregnanes stimulate, breast cell proliferation and detachment
  • it is evident that breast tissue can convert progesterone into two classes of metabolites: the δ-4-pregnenes (which retain the C4–5 double bond), and the 5α-reduced 21-carbon steroids (5α-pregnanes)
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • irreversible action of 5α-reductase
  • in normal (nontumorous) breast tissue, the 4-pregnene metabolites of progesterone greatly exceeded the 5α-pregnanes, whereas in tumorous tissue, 5α-pregnanes exceeded 4-pregnenes.
  • These differences in 5α-pregnane and 4-pregnene amounts were largely attributable to differences in 5αP and 3αHP production in tumorous and nontumorous tissues
  • the metabolic activities were in general similar, regardless of the age and ER state of the patient or whether she was pre- or postmenopausal.
  • These findings suggest greatly elevated 5α-reductase activity in tumorous, as compared with nontumorous, breast tissue.
  • progesterone metabolites that retain the C-4 double bond (i.e., the 4-pregnenes) exert an antiproliferative effect in the three cell lines that were tested, whereas the 5α-pregnanes stimulate breast cell line proliferation.
  • the degree of mitogenicity would be determined by the ratio of 5α-pregnanes:4-pregnenes. Tissues with a high 4-pregnene:5α-pregnane ratio would maintain a higher degree of normalcy, whereas those with a high 5α-pregnane:4-pregnene ratio would tend toward tumorigenicity
  • The observations that progesterone metabolites affect both ER-positive and ER-negative cells as well as tumorigenic (MCF-7) and nontumorigenic (MCF-10A) cells strengthen the argument that these factors may be endocrinologically relevant for all forms of breast cancer.
  • progesterone metabolites as the active endocrine/paracrine/autocrine factors
  • Estrogen-based therapies elicit responses in only one-third of all breast cancer patients, and most of these show relapse.
  • the metabolic activities were in general similar, regardless of the age and ER state of the patient or whether she was pre- or postmenopausal.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 14
       
      Interesting that the effect of progesterone metabolites were found to be independent from ER status, age, and pre/post menopause
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Feb 12
     
    Different progesterone metabolites shown to have different tumor effects.  Implications are that, just as estrogen metabolism effects cancer risk, so does progesterone metabolism.
Nathan Goodyear

Benefits of Modest Weight Loss in Improving Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight a... - 0 views

care.diabetesjournals.org/...1481.full

weight weight loss loss diabetes overweight individuals cardiovascular factors

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Mar 12
     
    Weight loss of just 5% reduced cardiovascular disease risk.  Lifestyle interventions are still some of the best treatment options available for many chronic diseases of aging. 
Nathan Goodyear

The Anti-inflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactone Helenalin Inhibits the Transcript... - 0 views

www.jbc.org/...33508.full

Helenalin NF-kappaB Arnica inflammation inflammatory anti-inflammatory transcription factor

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Dec 11
     
    Helenalin inhibits NF-KappaB.  Helenalin is active component of Arnica.
Nathan Goodyear

ScienceDirect - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology : The potential biological mechanis... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0041008X04001309

arsenic exposure diabetes potential pharmacology

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Recent studies have shown that, in subjects with chronic arsenic exposure, oxidative stress is increased and the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is upregulated
  • these two cytokines have been well known for their effect on the induction of insulin resistance
  • Oxidative stress has been suggested as a major pathogenic link to both insulin resistance and β cell dysfunction through mechanisms involving activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which is also activated by low levels of arsenic
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Dec 11
     
    discussion of possible mechanisms of arsenic induced diabetes
Nathan Goodyear

NF-κB and cancer: how intimate is this relationship - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3148942

cancer inflammation NF-KappaB

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Jan 12
     
    NF-KappaB plays a critical role in the development of cancer. NF-kappaB is a transcription factor that promotes inflammation.  This reveals the important relationship between inflammation and cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

JCI - Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease - 0 views

www.jci.org/57132

obesity overweight weight-loss inflammation metabolic disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • metainflammation
  • The chronic nature of obesity produces a tonic low-grade activation of the innate immune system that affects steady-state measures of metabolic homeostasis over time
  • It is clear that inflammation participates in the link between obesity and disease
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • Multiple inflammatory inputs contribute to metabolic dysfunction, including increases in circulating cytokines (10), decreases in protective factors (e.g., adiponectin; ref. 11), and communication between inflammatory and metabolic cells
  • adipose tissue macrophage (ATM)
  • Physiologic enhancement of the M2 pathways (e.g., eosinophil recruitment in parasitic infection) also appears to be capable of reducing metainflammation and improving insulin sensitivity (27).
  • increasing adiposity results in a shift in the inflammatory profile of ATMs as a whole from an M2 state to one in which classical M1 proinflammatory signals predominate (21–23).
  • The M2 activation state is intrinsically linked to the activity of PPARδ and PPARγ
  • well-known regulators of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial activity
  • Independent of obesity, hypothalamic inflammation can impair insulin release from β cells, impair peripheral insulin action, and potentiate hypertension (63–65).
  • inflammation in pancreatic islets can reduce insulin secretion and trigger β cell apoptosis leading to decreased islet mass, critical events in the progression to diabetes (33, 34)
  • Since an estimated excess of 20–30 million macrophages accumulate with each kilogram of excess fat in humans, one could argue that increased adipose tissue mass is de facto a state of increased inflammatory mass
  • JNK, TLR4, ER stress)
  • NAFLD is associated with an increase in M1/Th1 cytokines and quantitative increases in immune cells
  • Upon stimulation by LPS and IFN-γ, macrophages assume a classical proinflammatory activation state (M1) that generates bactericidal or Th1 responses typically associated with obesity
  • DIO, metabolites such as diacylglycerols and ceramides accumulate in the hypothalamus and induce leptin and insulin resistance in the CNS (58, 59)
  • saturated FAs, which activate neuronal JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways with direct effects on leptin and insulin signaling (60)
  • Lipid infusion and a high-fat diet (HFD) activate hypothalamic inflammatory signaling pathways, resulting in increased food intake and nutrient storage (57)
  • Maternal obesity is associated with endotoxemia and ATM accumulation that may affect the developing fetus (73)
  • Placental inflammation is a characteristic of maternal obesity
  • a risk factor for obesity in offspring, and involves inflammatory macrophage infiltration that can alter the maternal-fetal circulation (74
  • Of these PRRs, TLR4 has received the most attention, as this receptor can be activated by free FAs to generate proinflammatory signals and activate NF-κB
  • Nod-like receptor (NLR) family of PRRs
  • ceramides and sphingolipids
  • The adipokine adiponectin has long been recognized to have positive benefits on multiple cell types to promote insulin sensitivity and deactivate proinflammatory pathways.
  • adiponectin stimulates ceramidase activity and modulates the balance between ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate
  • Inhibition of ceramide production blocks the ability of saturated FAs to induce insulin resistance (101)
  • NF-κB, obesity also activates JNK in insulin-responsive tissues
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 12
     
    must read to see our current knowledge on the link between inflammation and obesity.
Nathan Goodyear

Pathway Central: PPAR Pathway - 0 views

www.sabiosciences.com/pathway.php

PPAR lipid metabolism

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Jan 12
     
    good description of the different types of PPAR's.  PPAR's are nuclear transcription factors that regulate lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function.
Nathan Goodyear

Trichloroethylene: Parkinsonism and complex 1 mitochondrial neurotoxicity - Gash - 2007... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...abstract

TCE environmental toxins mitochondria Parkinson's Disease PD

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Nov 11
     
    TCE shown to mitochondrial toxic and risk factor for Parkinson's disease
Nathan Goodyear

Low Vitamin D Level is Linked to Greater Chance of Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes - 0 views

www.endo-society.org/...actors-for-Type-2-Diabetes.cfm

vitamin D metabolic syndrome DM type II Diabetes heart disease CVD vitamin d

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jul 12
     
    low vitamin D linked to increased risk of metabolic syndrome, type II DM, and heart disease.
Nathan Goodyear

Pathways | PPAR Resource Page | Jack Vanden Heuvel - 0 views

ppar.cas.psu.edu/pathways.html

PPAR PPARs inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jun 12
     
    great website as a resource to review PPAR pathways.  PPARs are transcription factors involved with inflammation.
Nathan Goodyear

Topical progesterone cream does not increase thrombotic and inflammatory factors in pos... - 0 views

research.womeninbalance.org/...actors-in-postmenopausal-women

progesterone BHRT hormone hormones menopause inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 13
     
    Transdermal progesterone improves menopausal symptoms without an change in inflammatory markers.
Nathan Goodyear

The effects of compounded bioident... [Int J Pharm Compd. 2013 Jan-Feb] - PubMed - NCBI - 1 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...23627249

bioidentical hormone hormones menopause peri-menopause progesterone Bi-est DHEA Testosterone women

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Feb 14 - No Cached
Nan Sprouse liked it
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Feb 14
     
    3 year study finds improvement in classic menopausal symptoms for women in perimenopause and menopause with improvement in other parameters: fasting glucose, cholesterol, MMP-9, CRP, fibrinogen and other clotting factors.  This study used bioidentical Bi-est, progesterone, and in some DHEA and Testosterone.
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