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Nathan Goodyear

The worldwide epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus[mdash]present and future perspec... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...nrendo.2011.183.html

type II DM diabetes epidemiology

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Aug 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Aug 12
     
    nice article on the epidemiology of type II DM.  Included in the discussion is the point that HgbA1C is now used as the choice for diagnosis: >6.5.
Nathan Goodyear

Automated Assay of Telomere Length Measurement and Informatics for 100,000 Subjects in ... - 0 views

www.genetics.org/...1061.long

telomere telomeres disease aging health

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 May 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 May 16
     
    epidemiological study finds that telomere length inversely correlated with longevity, especially in those > 75.  The sex differences was significant beyond the age of 50, with women having longer telomere lengths.
Nathan Goodyear

Does growth hormone cause cancer? [Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...16430706

human growth hormone HGH IGF-1 cancer CA

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jul 12
     
    epidemiological studies are the only thing that has linked GH to cancer risk; review of human studies of children and adults finds no increase risk of cancer associated with HGH therapy.
Nathan Goodyear

Inuit are protected against... [Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...14504206

prostate cancer inuit eskimos prostate cancer omega 3 omega-3 fish oil n-3

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jul 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jul 13
     
    Low incidence of prostate cancer in epidemiology study of Inuit eskimos.
Nathan Goodyear

Vitamin D for Cancer Prevention: Global Perspective - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S1047279709001057

vitamin D vitamin d cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Sep 14
     
    Only abstract available here.  The authors of the this epidemiologic article estimate that 58,000 cases of breast cancer and 49,000 cases of colorectal cancer can be prevented annually by raising levels to 40-60.  The study also points to a new cancer model that Vitamin D has a positive effect at each step.  The acronym is DINOMIT and this stands for disjunction, initiation, natural selection, overgrowth, metastasis, involution, and transition.
Nathan Goodyear

Postmenopausal circulating levels of 2- and 16α-hydroxyestrone and risk of en... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3241553

estrogen metabolism 2-hydroxyestrone 4-hydroxyestrone estrogen metabolites cancer uterine cancer endometrial cancer hormones 2:16alpha-OHE1 2:16

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Oct 15 - No Cached
  • our results do not support the hypothesis that greater metabolism of oestrogen via the 2-OH pathway, relative to the 16α-OH pathway, protects against endometrial cancer. Indeed our results are more suggestive of an increase in risk, rather than a decrease, with higher levels of 2-OHE1
  • women with a higher 2-OHE1 : 16α-OHE1 ratio did not have a decreased risk of endometrial cancer as compared with women with a lower ratio
  • The findings from this first prospective epidemiological study of oestrogen metabolites and endometrial cancer are in line with results from prospective studies on breast cancer, another oestrogen-related cancer. None of the seven studies on breast cancer reported significant associations overall
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • On the whole, prospective epidemiological data do not support the hypothesis that the 2-hydroxyestrogen pathway is protective, and the 16α-hydroxyestrogen pathway harmful, in hormone-dependent cancers
  • Both 2- and 4-hydroxyestrogens are catecholestrogens, and it has been suggested that catecholestrogens increase risk of oestrogen-mediated cancers through direct genotoxic effects, rather than through stimulation of cell proliferation via binding to oestrogen receptors
  • the evidence is stronger for 4-hydroxyestrogens than for 2-hydroxyestrogens
  • a significant increase in risk of breast cancer with levels of 2-OHE1 has also been reported previously, although it was limited to hormone receptor-negative tumours
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Oct 15
     
    2:16 hydroxyestrone ratio not associated with uterine cancer risk.
Nathan Goodyear

Circulating Estrogen Metabolites and Risk for Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Women - 0 views

cebp.aacrjournals.org/...2273.short

estrogen metabolism estrogen metabolite estrogen metabolism breast cancer 2-OH-estrone 16alpha-OH-estrone estrone metabolite metabolites

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Aug 14
     
    Epidemiologic study finds no association between increased 2OH-estrone metabolism and increased 2OH:16alphaOH-estrone metabolism and a reduction in breast cancer risk.
Nathan Goodyear

Vitamin supplement use during breast cancer treatment and survival: a prospective cohor... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3057050

vitamins cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Oct 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Oct 18
     
    vitamins are not contraindicated in the use of traditional cancer therapies; in fact, epidemiological studies suggest they are in fact beneficial.
Nathan Goodyear

American College of Cardiology Foundation | Journal of the American College of Cardiolo... - 0 views

content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx

mitochondria oxidative stress heart failure heart

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Although currently no drugs that specifically target mitochondrial biogenesis in HF are available, acceleration of this process through adenosine monophosphate–activated kinase (AMPK), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and other pathways may represent a promising therapeutic approach
  • Mitochondrial biogenesis can be enhanced therapeutically with the use of adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) agonists, stimulants of nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) pathway (including phosphodiesteraes type 5 inhibitors), or resveratrol
  • metformin, a commonly used antidiabetic drug that activates AMPK signaling
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • Recent evidence suggests that the eNOS/NO/cGMP pathway is an important activator of mitochondrial biogenesis
  • BH4 (tetrahydrobiopterin) supplementation can prevent eNOS uncoupling and was found to reduce left ventricular hypertrophy
  • folic acid is known to replenish reduced BH4 and has been shown to protect the heart through increased eNOS activity
  • Both folate deficiency and inhibition of BH4 synthesis were associated with reduced mitochondrial number and function
  • Resveratrol, a polyphenol compound responsible for the cardioprotective properties of red wine, was recently identified as a potent stimulator of mitochondrial biogenesis
  • epidemiological studies reveal a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in premenopausal, but not post-menopausal, women compared with men
  • post-menopausal women
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 13
       
      I would hypothesis that a change in the predominance of ER expression is one of ER beta to ER alpha: creating a more pro-inflammatory signal.
  • The majority of ROS in the heart appear to come from uncoupling of mitochondrial electron transport chain at the level of complexes I and III
  • Because the majority of ROS in HF comes from mitochondria, these organelles are the primary target of oxidative damage.
  • cardioprotective therapies such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and ATII receptor blockers were shown to possess antioxidant properties, although it is not known whether they target mitochondrial ROS directly or indirectly
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 13
     
    great review of mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress and heart failure.  
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone: a metabolic hormone in health and disease - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...R25.full

male hormone hormones testosterone hypogonadal-obesity-adipocytokine hypothesis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 May 13 - No Cached
  • E2 and the inflammatory adipocytokines tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL6) inhibit hypothalamic production of GNRH and subsequent release of LH and FSH from the pituitary
  • Leptin, an adipose-derived hormone with a well-known role in regulation of body weight and food intake, also induces LH release under normal conditions via stimulation of hypothalamic GNRH neurons
  • In human obesity, whereby adipocytes are producing elevated amounts of leptin, the hypothalamic–pituitary axis becomes leptin resistant
  • ...39 more annotations...
  • there is evidence from animal studies that leptin resistance, inflammation and oestrogens inhibit neuronal release of kisspeptin
  • Beyond hypothalamic action, leptin also directly inhibits the stimulatory action of gonadotrophins on the Leydig cells of the testis to decrease testosterone production; therefore, elevated leptin levels in obesity may further diminish androgen status
  • Prostate cancer patients with pre-existing T2DM show a further deterioration of insulin resistance and worsening of diabetic control following ADT
  • ADT for the treatment of prostatic carcinoma in some large epidemiological studies has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of developing MetS and T2DM
  • Non-diabetic men undergoing androgen ablation show increased occurrence of new-onset diabetes and demonstrate elevated insulin levels and worsening glycaemic control
  • increasing insulin resistance assessed by glucose tolerence test and hypoglycemic clamp was shown to be associated with a decrease in Leydig cell testosterone secretion in men
  • The response to testosterone replacement of insulin sensitivity is in part dependent on the androgen receptor (AR)
  • Low levels of testosterone have been associated with an atherogenic lipoprotein profile, characterised by high LDL and triglyceride levels
  • a positive correlation between serum testosterone and HDL has been reported in both healthy and diabetic men
  • up to 70% of the body's insulin sensitivity is accounted for by muscle
  • Testosterone deficiency is associated with a decrease in lean body mass
  • relative muscle mass is inversely associated with insulin resistance and pre-diabetes
  • GLUT4 and IRS1 were up-regulated in cultured adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells following testosterone treatment at low dose and short-time incubations
  • local conversion of testosterone to DHT and activation of AR may be important for glucose uptake
  • inverse correlation between testosterone levels and adverse mitochondrial function
  • orchidectomy of male Wistar rats and associated testosterone deficiency induced increased absorption of glucose from the intestine
  • (Kelley & Mandarino 2000). Frederiksen et al. (2012a) recently demonstrated that testosterone may influence components of metabolic flexibility as 6 months of transdermal testosterone treatment in aging men with low–normal bioavailable testosterone levels increased lipid oxidation and decreased glucose oxidation during the fasting state.
  • Decreased lipid oxidation coupled with diet-induced chronic FA elevation is linked to increased accumulation of myocellular lipid, in particular diacylglycerol and/or ceramide in myocytes
  • In the Chang human adult liver cell line, insulin receptor mRNA expression was significantly increased following exposure to testosterone
  • Testosterone deprivation via castration of male rats led to decreased expression of Glut4 in liver tissue, as well as adipose and muscle
  • oestrogen was found to increase the expression of insulin receptors in insulin-resistant HepG2 human liver cell line
  • FFA decrease hepatic insulin binding and extraction, increase hepatic gluconeogenesis and increase hepatic insulin resistance.
  • Only one, albeit large-scale, population-based cross-sectional study reports an association between low serum testosterone concentrations and hepatic steatosis in men (Völzke et al. 2010)
  • This suggests that testosterone may confer some of its beneficial effects on hepatic lipid metabolism via conversion to E2 and subsequent activation of ERα.
  • hypogonadal men exhibiting a reduced lean body mass and an increased fat mass, abdominal or central obesity
  • visceral adipose tissue was inversely correlated with bioavailable testosterone
  • there was no change in visceral fat mass in aged men with low testosterone levels following 6 months of transdermal TRT, yet subcutaneous fat mass was significantly reduced in both the thigh and the abdominal areas when analysed by MRI (Frederiksen et al. 2012b)
  • ADT of prostate cancer patients increased both visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat in a 12-month prospective observational study (Hamilton et al. 2011)
  • Catecholamines are the major lipolysis regulating hormones in man and regulate adipocyte lipolysis through activation of adenylate cyclase to produce cAMP
  • deficiency of androgen action decreases lipolysis and is primarily responsible for the induction of obesity (Yanase et al. 2008)
  • may be some regional differences in the action of testosterone on subcutaneous and visceral adipose function
  • proinflammatory adipocytokines IL1, IL6 and TNFα are increased in obesity with a downstream effect that stimulates liver production of CRP
  • observational evidence suggests that IL1β, IL6, TNFα and CRP are inversely associated with serum testosterone levels in patients
  • TRT has been reported to significantly reduce these proinflammatory mediators
  • This suggests a role for AR in the metabolic actions of testosterone on fat accumulation and adipose tissue inflammatory response
  • testosterone treatment may have beneficial effects on preventing the pathogenesis of obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis, decreasing triglyceride uptake and storage, increasing lipolysis, influencing lipoprotein content and function and may directly reduce fat mass and increase muscle mass
  • Early interventional studies suggest that TRT in hypogonadal men with T2DM and/or MetS has beneficial effects on lipids, adiposity and parameters of insulin sensitivity and glucose control
  • Evidence that whole-body insulin sensitivity is reduced in testosterone deficiency and increases with testosterone replacement supports a key role of this hormone in glucose and lipid metabolism
  • Impaired insulin sensitivity in these three tissues is characterised by defects in insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity, in particular into skeletal muscle, impaired insulin-mediated inhibition of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glycogen synthesis in liver, and a reduced ability of insulin to inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 May 13
     
    Great review of the Hypogonadal-obesity-adipocytokine hypothesis.
Nathan Goodyear

Beyond the male sex hormone: deciphering the metabolic and vascular actions of testoste... - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...C1.full

AR androgen receptors androgen receptor testosterone androgen receptors Diabetes metabolic syndrome MetS CVD cardiovascular disease men hormone hormones male

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 May 13 - No Cached
  • androgen deprivation therapy results in unfavorable changes in body composition, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia and predisposes men to develop atherosclerosis and an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality
  • The hypogonadal–obesity cycle hypothesis was originally proposed by Cohen in 1999 to explain the relationship between low testosterone levels and metabolic disease. It was based on the finding that obesity impairs testosterone levels by increasing the aromatization of testosterone to estradiol, while low testosterone levels promote increased fat deposition
  • adipocytokines contribute to low testosterone levels as well as to the processes underlying metabolic syndromes and type 2 diabetes
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • hypogonadal–obesity–adipocytokine hypothesis
  • The presence of estradiol and the adipocytokines TNF-α, IL6, and leptin (as a result of leptin resistance in obesity) inhibits the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis response to decreasing androgen levels
  • An increasing number of studies have illustrated the potential for applying metabolomics to the field of androgen research
  • As early as the 1940s, the therapeutic use of testosterone was reported to improve angina pectoris in men with coronary artery disease
  • most of the epidemiological studies reported increased cardiovascular risk and mortality in men with low testosterone levels
  • long-term testosterone replacement appears to be a safe and effective means of treating hypogonadal elderly men
  • a recent interventional trial showed that testosterone treatment was associated with decreased mortality when compared with no testosterone treatment in an observational cohort of men with low testosterone levels
  • a number of short-term studies conducted support the notion that testosterone therapy reduces the cardiovascular risk
  • The majority of animal studies support the hypothesis that the actions of testosterone on vascular relaxation are both endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilatory effects
  • Endothelial-dependent actions of testosterone increase the expression or activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and enhance nitric oxide production, which in turn activates cyclic guanosine monophosphate to induce vasorelaxation in smooth muscle cells
  • Endothelial-independent mechanisms of testosterone are believed to occur primarily via inhibition of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels and/or activation of K+ channels in smooth muscle cells
  • Testosterone may also inhibit intracellular Ca2+ influx via store-operated Ca2+ channels by blocking the response to prostaglandin F2α
  • testosterone has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects to protect against atherogenesis in animal studies
  • both genomic AR activation to modulate gene transcription and non-genomic activation to modulate the rapid intracellular signaling pathways of ion channels may mediate testosterone effects on vascular function and inflammation.
  • Butenandt & Ruzicka first showed how testosterone is synthesized and responsible for masculine characteristics in the early 1930s
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 May 13
     
    Awesome review on the current understanding of Testosterone and Diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and CVD.  This article even goes into the literature on androgen receptors.
Nathan Goodyear

Epidemiology and etiology of meningioma - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2945461

Meningioma brain tumor

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Feb 13
     
    Good review on the current evidence of Meningioma's.  Good statistical discussion on the risk factors, associations, and pathophysiology of meniingioma's.
Nathan Goodyear

Physical activity and cancer prevention-data from epidemiologic studies - 0 views

cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=15274899

exercise cancer cancer prevention colon cancer breast cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 13
     
    regular exercise reduces breast and colon cancer risk by 30-40%.
Nathan Goodyear

Cigarette smoking and hormones : Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - 0 views

journals.lww.com/...te_smoking_and_hormones.3.aspx

smoking tobacco CYP1A1 CYP1B1 estrogen hormones estrogen metabolism estrogen metabolites

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Dec 16 - No Cached
  • Epidemiologic studies worldwide have established that exposure to cigarette smoke is an important cause of estrogen deficiency.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Dec 16
     
    tobacco smoke alters estrogen metabolism.  Increase in CYP1B1 and CYP1B1 are the result of tobacco smoke.
Nathan Goodyear

Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiolo... - 0 views

www.thelancet.com/...abstract

hand-grip strength test cardiovascular death cardiovascular disease strength

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Jun 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Jun 16
     
    study finds that hand-grip strength was a strong predictor of all cause and cardiovascular mortality; this was more correlated with mortality compared to systolic blood pressure.
Nathan Goodyear

Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiolo... - 0 views

www.thelancet.com/...fulltext

hand-grip strength test hand-grip hand-grip strength mortality CVD cardiovascular disease cardiovascular strength grip

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jun 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jun 16
     
    hand grip strength found to be strong predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.  Even higher than systolic blood pressure.
Nathan Goodyear

The epidemiology of sports-related tra... [J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1998] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...9575252

TBI sports CTE traumatic brain injury chronic encephalopathy athletes concussions head trauma

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Apr 12
     
    analysis of sports related TBI
Nathan Goodyear

JSTOR: Epidemiology, Vol. 13, No. 4 (Jul., 2002), pp. 454-458 - 0 views

www.jstor.org/...3703770

DDE environmental toxins low T testosterone men endocrine disruptors

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 12
     
    High DDE levels in African American men associated with a 23% lower Testosteone levels
Nathan Goodyear

Cause-specific mortality in women receiving hor... [Epidemiology. 1997] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...9116097

BHRT hormone hormones breast cancer risk mortality

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jul 12
     
    BHRT and/or synthetic hormones not associated with increased breast cancer (RR 0.72), all cause mortality (RR 0.77).  
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