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European study finds no correlation with Total Testosterone levels and lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hypertrophy.

A study by scientists in a UK university has shown the scale of the prevalence of a condition that can lead to various cardiometabolic diseases. The study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine journal on Tuesday (January 4) has prompted calls for changes to healthcare policy after researchers revealed, for the first time, the scale of the impact of the condition associated with benign tumours that can lead to type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. Up to 10 per cent of adults have a benign tumour, or lump, known as an 'adrenal incidentaloma' in their adrenal glands which can be associated with the overproduction of hormones including the stress steroid hormone cortisol that can lead to type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. Previous small studies suggested that one in three adrenal incidentalomas produce excess cortisol, a condition called mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS). An international research team led by the University of Birmingham carried out the largest ever prospective study of over 1,305 patients with adrenal incidentalomas to assess their risk of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes and their cortisol production by comparing patients with and without MACS.

estrogen dominance (high estradiol/low progesterone) increases risk of non-benign breast disease

good read on the PET/CT scan reading.  They mention that tumors are spheres and inflammation is linear, yet inflammation coexists with cancer; hard to simply delineate these on simple terms. I do agree aon the metabolic signature of the PET/CT scan

This article's conclusion fits the definition of insane. This article found that the flu vaccine in pregnant women found significant increased CRP, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 inflammatory biomarkers.  It is well recognized the impact of inflammation on health and in this case the developing baby.   For example, preeclampsia and preterm birth are inflammatory conditions.  Yet, ACOG has made recommmendations for all pregnant women to get the flu vaccine?!?! Here is their conclusion: "However, further research is needed to confirm that the mild inflammatory response elicited by vaccination is benign in pregnancy".  Take home, you are being studied to see the effects of the flu vaccine on you, if you are pregnant, and your developing child.  And who decides what "mild" is anyways.  If you develop preeclampsia and delivery early, where is the "mild" in that?

PSA increased more in men with prostate cancer compared to no disease in men on finasteride therapy. This supports the idea that finasteride has a greater PSA reduction in benign prostate disease compared to prostate cancer.

Finasteride more likely to lower PSA associated with benign prostate conditions compared to cancer of prostate.

The authors of this paper describe BPH as a metabolic disease: involving inflammation with increased expression of TLRs, hormone imbalance and altered metabolism

Study doesn't find alot of "good" evidence to support Chinese herbal medicine in BPH.  However, the author states: "Before the introduction of conventional medication and surgery to China, the Chinese had solely relied on CHM to treat BPH for more than three thousand years".  That is 3,000 years of observational data that is being tossed out the window.

This article summarizes it all.  With age, Testosterone declines and estrogen production, through elevated aromatase activity, increases.  This results in a decline in the Testosterone:estradiol ratio.  This has been clearly implicated in both benign and disease states of the prostate.  The evidence points to aromatase activity and estrogen in the prostate to poor prostate health.  Additionally, this article points out the impact of ER alpha and ER beta on the translation of the message of Estrogen.

ERbeta found to be associated with benign nevi and malignant melanomas.  No association was found with ERalpha.

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Appx 97% benign.

Metabolic syndrome in men associated with progressive BPH and increased severity of LUTS.

this study finds aromatase presence in the stroma of the prostate and not the epithelium of the prostate.  This would support the thought that increased aromatase activity and thus conversion of Testosterone to Estradiol in the prostate stroma contributes to BPH.

Increased aromatase activity is found in BPH.  PGE2 increases aromatase activity and thus increases Estradiol production in the stroma of the prostate.

ER beta expression that is lost in prostate carcinogenesis occurs via methylation at the ER beta gene promoter sites 19CpG.  What is really interesting is that ER beta expression was present in all of the samples with BPH, but was absent in 83% of the prostate cancer samples.

Serum evaluation of Testosterone and DHT poorly correlates with intraprostatic hormone levels.  Must look to saliva to get better clinical picture.

3 subtypes of 5 alpha reductase enzymes identified in the human prostate.

Much has been debated about the effects of androgens on prostate growth.  However, growing evidence is emerging that prostatic aromatase activity is responsible.  This study finds that high aromatase activity and thus Testosterone to Estradiol conversion in the prostate stroma is responsible for the pathogenesis of BPH.