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Nathan Goodyear

The effect of supraphysiologic levels of io... [Breast J. 2004 Jul-Aug] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...15239792

iodine mastalgia breast tenderness

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Nov 11
     
    clients with breast pain, mastalgia, shown to improve with 6 mg/day iodine replacement.  This is exceedingly higher than the current RDI for Iodine.  Important implications for breast health as the breast concentrates iodine, but must evaluate levels first.
Nathan Goodyear

Seaweed prevents breast cancer? [Jpn J Cancer Res. 2001] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...11376555

wakame seaweed breast cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Nov 11
     
    wakame seaweed shown to induce breast cancer cell death in human breast cancer cells.  Suggested as method to prevent breast cancer risk
Nathan Goodyear

Reduced breast cancer incidence in women treated with subcutaneous testosterone, or tes... - 0 views

www.maturitas.org/...abstract

Testosterone aromatase breast cancer anastrazole women female hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Mar 14
     
    Study finds that Testosterone with or with the aromatase inhibitor anastrazole as a pellet reduced breast cancer risk.  This conclusion should be taken with caution.  It is well know that abnormal breast tissue, breast cancer, highly expresses aromatase activity which would increase Testosterone to estradiol production.  This would feed any growing tumor.  But, this study finds protection.  The failure of this study is the measurement of hormone levels.
Nathan Goodyear

Breast Cancer Research | Full text | Endogenous sex steroids in premenopausal women and... - 0 views

breast-cancer-research.com/...R46

Testosterone breast cancer risk hormone hormones women female free

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Mar 14
     
    The literature on Testosterone and breast cancer is confusing at best, but just like therapy in men, it needs to be individualized.  This prospective case study found a significant increased odds of breast cancer in women with higher levels of free Testosterone.  Statistical significance was not found with Total Testosterone.  These were endogenous hormones.  The women in this study had "regular menstrual cycles" suggesting these women lacked PCOS.
Nathan Goodyear

Serum Sex Steroids in Premenopausal Women and Breast Cancer Risk Within the European Pr... - 0 views

jnci.oxfordjournals.org/...755.long

serum hormone hormones Testosterone progesterone estrogen estradiol breast cancer women female

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Mar 14
     
    Study finds that elevated serum Testosterone and androstenedione is associated with an increase risk of breast cancer.  This EPIC study looked at serum hormones in premenopausal women.  This study also found an association with increased breast cancer and low serum progesterone in women.  This was also found in the ORDET study.  This study did not find a link with estrogen.  These are endogenous levels.  Does this translate to exogenous? This theory of elevated androgens and breast cancer was first proposed by Grattarola.
Nathan Goodyear

A meta-analysis of the association bet... [Cancer Causes Control. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

abortion breast cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Dec 13
     
    Study was undertaken in China due to alarming increase in breast cancer in Chinese women. This meta-analysis of 36 articles found a 44% increase in breast cancer with one abortion.  This increased to 76% at 2 and 89% at 3 abortions respectively.   This study is very important and previous criticisms of prior studies linking abortion to breast cancer has been reporting bias.  In China, due to the one child policy, abortion is a way of life and there is no cultural shame involved.
Nathan Goodyear

Urinary Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer among P... - 0 views

cancerres.aacrjournals.org/...696.full

estrogen metabolites estrogen metabolism ER estrogen receptors ROS hormones cancer breast cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Oct 15 - No Cached
  • both 2- and 4-catechol estrogen metabolites bind to the ER with affinities comparable with estradiol, 4-catechol estrogen metabolites have lower dissociation rates than estradiol and an enhanced ability to upregulate ER-dependent processes
  • 2-catechol estrogen metabolites act as either weak mitogens (39) or weak inhibitors of cell proliferation
  • While 16α-hydroxyestrone binds to the ER with lower affinity than estradiol, it binds covalently (41) and leads to a constitutively activated ER
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • 4-hydroxyestradiol and 16α-hydroxyestrone increasing proliferation and decreasing apoptosis in a manner similar to estradiol; however, these effects were achieved only at concentrations 10-fold higher than estradiol (39). In contrast, 2-hydroxyestradiol did not have substantial proliferative or antiapoptotic effects
  • In our study, the associations with both 2-hydroxyestrone and 16α-hydroxyestrone were nonsignificantly inverse and we did not observe a consistent trend or significant associations between the 2-hydroxyestrone:16α-hydroxyestrone ratio and breast cancer risk
  • Ratios of the 3 hydroxylation pathways were not significantly associated with risk although the 2:16-pathway and 4:16-pathway ratios were suggestively inversely associated
  • a significant inverse association with the ratio of parent estrogens to estrogen metabolites
  • several potentially estrogenic and genotoxic mechanisms
  • Estrogen metabolites also can be genotoxic
  • Catechol estrogens can be oxidized into quinones and induce DNA damage directly through the formation of DNA adducts, or indirectly via redox cycling and generation of reactive oxygen species
  • the oxidized forms of the catechol estrogens differ in their ability to damage DNA through adducts, with oxidized 2-catechols forming stable and reversible DNA adducts and oxidized 4-catechols forming unstable adducts, which lead to depurination and mutations
  • 2- and 4-catechols have been shown to produce reactive oxygen species and induce oxidative DNA damage
  • act independently from the ER
  • 16α-Hydroxyestrone also may be genotoxic
  • While the catechol estrogens have estrogenic and genotoxic potential, the methylated catechol estrogens, which are catechol estrogens with one hydroxyl group methylated, have been hypothesized to lower the risk of breast cancer
  • The suggested mechanisms are indirect, by decreasing circulating levels of catechol estrogens and thereby the opportunity for catechols to exert genotoxic or proliferative effects, or direct, by inhibiting tumor growth and inducing apoptosis
  • the balance between phase I (oxidation) and phase II (methylation) metabolism of estrogen may be important in hormonally related cancer development.
  • Despite the estrogenic and genotoxic potential of many of the estrogen metabolites, we only observed a significantly increased breast cancer risk with one estrogen metabolite, 17-epiestriol, which has particularly strong estrogenic activity and binds to both ERα and ERβ with an affinity comparable with estradiol
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Oct 15
     
    review of estrogen metabolites and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women.
Nathan Goodyear

Hormone Therapy, Estrogen Metabolism, and Risk of Breast Cancer in the Women's Health I... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3493689

breast cancer estrogen metabolites 2-OH-estrone 2:16 cancer hormones estrogen

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • These results demonstrate that although 16α-OHE1 was increased more by E+P than by E-alone, the increase in the 2:16 ratio was similar for both HT regimens, due to ~4-fold greater increase in 2OHE-1 than 16α-OHE1 for both HT regimens
  • baseline and 1 year change in 16α-OHE1 showed little relationship to incident breast cancer
  • higher baseline 2-OHE1 and the 2:16 ratio were modestly associated with higher odds of incident breast cancer, but larger 1 year increase in 2-OHE-1 and the 2:16 ratio were also weakly associated with lower odds of breast cancer
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Sep 15
     
    Good review of the data from the WHI-HT on estrogen metabolites and breast cancer risk.  Increased 2-OHestrone and 2:16 ratio without statistical significance reached.
Nathan Goodyear

Evolving landscape of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer t... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0960977617300103

HER-2 breast cancer cancer herceptin Perjeta

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Aug 18 - No Cached
  • 15%–20%
  • key mediator of cell growth, differentiation, and survival
  • of higher histological grade and are more likely to invade axillary lymph nodes
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • shortened survival and an increased risk of disease recurrence and metastasis
  • Currently, four HER2-directed agents are approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ breast cancer: trastuzumab, pertuzumab, lapatinib, and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)
  • biosimilars
  • trastuzumab may provide greater benefit when administered concurrently with chemotherapy rather than after, and this has become the standard approach
  • concurrent use of anthracyclines (ie, doxorubicin or epirubicin) and trastuzumab is not recommended because of an increased risk for cardiac toxicity
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 06 Aug 18
       
      avoid herceptin in conjuction with antracyclines i.e. doxorubicin
  • Sequential doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by concomitant paclitaxel or docetaxel and trastuzumab is recommended for most patients
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 06 Aug 18
       
      top recommended regimen combination
  • Guidelines also recommend trastuzumab in combination with paclitaxel, docetaxel and carboplatin, or docetaxel and cyclophosphamide, particularly for patients with increased risk for cardiac toxicity or those with small (≤1 cm), node-negative HER2+ tumors
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 06 Aug 18
       
      good alternative in patients with increased risk of cardiac toxicity.
  • guidelines recommend up to 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab
  • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab is associated with higher rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) than chemotherapy alone or in combination with lapatinib
  • the combination of trastuzumab, lapatinib, and chemotherapy is not recommended because it failed to demonstrate noninferiority versus trastuzumab and chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting
  • recommend the combination of trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for patients with locally advanced HER2+ breast cancer and for some patients (node-positive or tumor ≥2 cm) with early-stage disease
  • neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with pertuzumab and trastuzumab reduced the risk of progression or death by 31% and recurrence or death by 40% versus trastuzumab alone
  • Concurrent chemotherapy and HER2-directed therapy improves survival outcomes over chemotherapy alon
  • dual inhibition of HER2 with trastuzumab and pertuzumab in combination with paclitaxel reduced the risk of death or progression by approximately 40% compared with concurrent trastuzumab and paclitaxel
  • the combination of trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and taxane chemotherapy is the preferred first-line regimen
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Aug 18
     
    HER-2 + breast cancer = appx 15-20% of all breast cancers and is a marker of worse prognosis and an indication for targeted immunotherapy blockade.
Nathan Goodyear

Ivermectin: enigmatic multifaceted 'wonder' drug continues to surprise and exceed expec... - 0 views

www.nature.com/ja201711

Ivermectin cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 18 - No Cached
  • The avermectins are known to possess pronounced antitumor activity
  • Over the past few years, there have been steadily increasing reports that ivermectin may have varying uses as an anti-cancer agent, as it has been shown to exhibit both anti-cancer and anti-cancer stem cell properties
  • In human ovarian cancer and NF2 tumor cell lines, high-dose ivermectin inactivates protein kinase PAK1 and blocks PAK1-dependent growth
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • PAK1 is essential for the growth of more than 70% of all human cancers, including breast, prostate, pancreatic, colon, gastric, lung, cervical and thyroid cancers, as well as hepatoma, glioma, melanoma, multiple myeloma and for neurofibromatosis tumors
  • Ivermectin suppresses breast cancer by activating cytostatic autophagy, disrupting cellular signaling in the process, probably by reducing PAK1 expression
  • Cancer stem cells are a key factor in cancer cells developing resistance to chemotherapies and these results indicate that a combination of chemotherapy agents plus ivermectin could potentially target and kill cancer stem cells, a paramount goal in overcoming cancer
  • Triple-negative breast cancers, which lack estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors, account for 10–20% of breast cancers and are associated with poor prognosis
  • Ivermectin addition led to transcriptional modulation of genes associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition and maintenance of a cancer stem cell phenotype in triple-negative breast cancers cells, resulting in impairment of clonogenic self-renewal in vitro and inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis in vivo
  • Ivermectin-induced cytostatic autophagy also leads to suppression of tumor growth in breast cancer xenografts, causing researchers to believe there is scope for using ivermectin to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and that the drug is a potential treatment for breast cancer
  • ivermectin synergizes with the chemotherapy agents cytarabine and daunorubicin to induce cell death in leukemia cells
  • Ivermectin inhibits proliferation and increases apoptosis of various human cancers
  • Activation of WNT-TCF signaling is implicated in multiple diseases, including cancers of the lungs and intestine,
  • A new screening system has found that ivermectin inhibits the expression of WNT-TCF targets
  • It represses the levels of C-terminal β-catenin phosphoforms and of cyclin D1 in an okadaic acid-sensitive manner, indicating its action involves protein phosphatases
  • In vivo, ivermectin selectively inhibits TCF-dependent, but not TCF-independent, xenograft growth without side effects
  • ivermectin has an exemplary safety record, it could swiftly become a useful tool as a WNT-TCF pathway response blocker to treat WNT-TCF-dependent diseases, encompassing multiple cancers.117
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 18
     
    Ivermectin shows promise and usefullness in several cancer types.  This is a review article.
Nathan Goodyear

ScienceDirect.com - The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Progest... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0960076009001216

progesterone progestins breast cancer receptors PR

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 May 12
     
    this study states that progesterone promotes breast growth and has implications of breast cancer.  However, this study looked at progestins not progesterone.  Studies have shown a reduction of breast cancer risk with progesterone and an increase with progestins.  It would have been nice to have looked at "progesterone" metabolites.  This study shows the flaw that many have: the intermix progesterone and progestins as if they are one in the same and they are clearly not
Nathan Goodyear

Breast Cancer and the Environment: A Life Course Approach - Institute of Medicine - 0 views

www.iom.edu/...nt-A-Life-Course-Approach.aspx

breast cancer environment weight gain overweight synthetic hormones progestin progestins ionizing radiation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Dec 11
     
    Is breast cancer a product of the environment?  Not totally, but the environment does play a role and the IOM discuss the current knowledge on the environment and breast cancer
Nathan Goodyear

Cruciferous Vegetable Consumption Linked to Improved Breast Cancer Survival Rates - 0 views

www.aacr.org/...aacr-in-the-news.aspx

breast cancer cruciferous vegetables survival treatment shanghai breast cancer survival study

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 May 12
     
    higher cruciferous vegetable intake associated with improved breast cancer survival rates according to Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study.
Nathan Goodyear

Steroid Hormone Levels during Pregnancy and Incidence of Maternal Breast Cancer - 0 views

cebp.aacrjournals.org/...361.long

breast cancer hormone hormones breast cancer progesterone pregnancy premenopausal

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Oct 13
     
    Women with the highest progesterone levels during pregnancy have an inverse low breast cancer risk.  This association was found with premenopausal breast cancer.  The reduction was upwards of 70%.  One fault of this study is the use of serum hormone levels.  
Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen metabolite ratio: Is the 2-hydroxyestrone to 16α-hydroxyestrone rati... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3039007

breast cancer 2-OH-estrone 2-OH 4-OH 2:16alpha-OHE1 2:16 estrogen metabolism

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • A recent study of nine patients concluded that the urinary EMR is a good approximation for breast tissue EMR
  • A single study in young women not using oral contraceptives found fair correlation coefficients between urinary and plasma EMR
  • All of nine properly designed epidemiological studies (six prospective case-control studies and three retrospective studies) failed to show a significant relationship between urinary or circulating EMR (2OHE1/16αOHE1) and breast cancer risk
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • premenopausal studies on urinary EMR have suggested a potentially weak inverse relationship, associations were not significantly different compared with postmenopausal or overall combined studies
  • at present, there is no evidence that the EMR can predict breast cancer risk
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Jan 13
     
    The 2:16 OH estrone pathway is shown to not be predictive biomarker for breast cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

ScienceDirect - European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology : Actions of a progest... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/science

breast cancer Provera Medroxyprogesterone acetate MPA HRT and

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • at both progestogen and glucocorticoid receptors may mediate the effects of high-dose MPA therapy in breast cancer. The possible stimulation of the growth of some cell types by MPA requires further investigation.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Nov 10
     
    Provera provides stimulation of breast issue; likely increasing risk of breast cancer
Nathan Goodyear

Unequal risks for breast cancer associated with di... [Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008] -... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...17333341

bioidentical progesterone breast cancer risk

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • The association of estrogen-progestagen combinations with breast cancer risk varied significantly according to the type of progestagen: the relative risk was 1.00 (0.83-1.22) for estrogen-progesterone, 1.16 (0.94-1.43) for estrogen-dydrogesterone, and 1.69 (1.50-1.91) for estrogen combined with other progestagens.
  • These findings suggest that the choice of the progestagen component in combined HRT is of importance regarding breast cancer risk; it could be preferable to use progesterone
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Mar 11
     
    progesterone shows no increased risk of breast cancer; compared to synthetic progestins significantly increased risk
Nathan Goodyear

PLOS ONE: Microbial Dysbiosis Is Associated with Human Breast Cancer - 0 views

journals.plos.org/...article

cancer breast cancer dysbiosis bacteria microbiota gut flora

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • it is tempting to speculate that a decrease in bacterial load in a healthy individual may be a signal of heightened breast cancer risk
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Feb 15
     
    Study finds a decrease in gut bacterial load in women with breast cancer versus those without.  The authors propose that a decrease in bacterial load in healthy individuals might be a means to estimate breast cancer risk.  Could it all start in the gut?
Nathan Goodyear

Role of maximum standardized uptake value in fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomog... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3785187

PET scan PET_CT scan maxSUV cancer breast

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 18 - No Cached
  • 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is an effective and popular technique for evaluating patients before and after breast cancer surgery.
  • Quantitative FDG-PET/CT imaging is becoming prevalent in cancer treatment as it measures glucose metabolism that reflects the growth potential and metabolic activity of malignant tumors
  • The FDG-PET/CT findings of primary lesions in colorectal and lung cancers correlate with metastasis and prognosis because FDG reflects tumor viability
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • The technique is valuable for predicting the prognosis of patients with recurrent breast cancer and for determining and predicting the outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy
  • FDG-PET/CT is useful not only for evaluating metastasis but also for predicting the prognosis of recurrent breast cancer and measuring treatment effects
  • reports remain limited to small-scale clinical trials of about 100 patients.
  • MaxSUV, which is the most popular FDG-PET/CT value, can vary up to 30 % because of differences among PET/CT devices and among the operators who create the images
  • the degree of malignancy would increase with an increase in maxSUV when ER or HER-2 signaling is involved.
  • Factors that determine the rate of cancer progression include T-factor (tumor diameter) and N-factor (presence or absence/number of lymph node metastasis)
  • Factors that determine the nature of tumors also include ER, HER-2, Ki-67 labeling index, and nuclear grade
  • Prognosis was previously predicted based on T, N, and M staging, which indicates the degree of progression. However, prognosis is now predicted and treatment regimes are presently selected by also considering ER and HER-2 levels, which determine the nature of the tumor
  • maxSUV presently serves as an indicator of metabolic activity during cancer therapy. For instance, the maxSUV of primary lung and hematological cancer lesions correlates with metastasis and prognosis, whereas maxSUV also seems useful for predicting the prognosis of recurrent breast cancer and in determining and predicting the outcome of neoadjuvant chemotherapy
  • The maxSUV cut-off calculated from ROC curves for recurrence was 3.0
  • The prognostic factors applied in breast cancer can be broadly divided into those that determine staging and those that determine biological tumor characteristics
  • both ER status and maxSUV as independent prognostic factors
  • maxSUV has a closer correlation with prognosis
  • maxSUV, clinical T-factor and ER were significant prognostic factors
  • Our results showed that maxSUV has the potential to be a novel prognostic factor and that it can be used to determine future therapies
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 18
     
    Retrospective, multi-facility finds maxSUV can be used in prognosis in cancer.  Others have shown benefit in recurrence risk.  MaxSUV was found to be an independent factor.
Nathan Goodyear

18FDG-PET/CT for predicting the outcome in ER+/HER2- breast cancer patients: comparison... - 0 views

breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com/...s13058-016-0793-2

PET scan cancer breast cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 18 - No Cached
  • our study confirms that baseline PET parameters measured before neoadjuvant treatment have prognostic values in ER+/HER2- locally advanced breast cancer patients
  • It has been suggested that high baseline 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) uptake assessed by high standardized uptake value (SUV) could be associated with poor prognostic factors such as the high histological grade [2] as well as worse survival
  • several teams observed that the change in SUV values early during neoadjuvant treatment could be a good indicator of pathological response and potentially outcome
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • others studies suggested that baseline 18FDG uptake, which would avoid performing a second examination, could also be of interest to predict patient outcome, especially in ER+/HER2- BC
  • ER+/HER2- BC has less intense 18FDG uptake than some other phenotypes such as TN carcinoma
  • Patients with high baseline 18FDG tumor uptake are at higher risk of early recurrence
  • The 3-year EFS was 78.4% in patients with baseline tumor SUVmax > 8.3 (vs. 94.0% in those with SUVmax ≤ 8.3)
  • event-free survival (EFS)
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 18
     
    Study finds benefit of PET scan in prognosis in ER+/HER2- breast cancers.
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