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Nathan Goodyear

Simultaneous modulation of COX-2, p300, Akt, and Apaf-1 signaling by melatonin to inhib... - 0 views

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335196

cancer melatonin Akt COX-2 breast cancer NF-kappaB

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Aug 20 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Aug 20
     
    Melatonin again shown to have broad anti-cancer properties.
Nathan Goodyear

Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Induces Cell Proliferation through Up-Regulation ... - 0 views

endo.endojournals.org/...4917.long

medroxyprogesterone acetate progestin progestins breast cancer prover NF-kapppB

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Nov 12
     
    medroxyprogesterone acetate, synthetic progestin, shown to increase inflammation signaling in human breast cancer cells.  This is a proposed mechamism by which growth stimulation occurs with prover and breast cancer.  
Nathan Goodyear

Glioblastoma Cells Require Glutamate Dehydrogenase to Survive Impairments of Glucose Me... - 0 views

cancerres.aacrjournals.org/...7986.full.pdf

cancer Glioblastoma EGCG glutamine glucose

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jun 13
     
    This article describes how important glutamine is as an alternative energy source in Glioblastoma. Cancer is a substrate-level dependent energy production disease. If one disrupts glycolysis as a source of energy, then many cancers will use glutamine through glutaminolysis. The cancer cells will do this through glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate production. This will increase alpha-ketoglutarate which will then feed the substrate-level phosphorylation through the TCA cycle. This study mentioned that EGCG is a way to naturally inhibit glutamate dehydrogenase.
Nathan Goodyear

Bisphenol A Promotes Human Prostate Stem-Progenitor Cell Self-Renewal and Increases In ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3929731

BPA bisphenol A cancer prostate cancer prostate xenoestrogens

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 16 - No Cached
  • these findings show that estrogen stimulates human prostate epithelial stem cell self-renewal and progenitor cell amplification (prostasphere size), with the greatest effects observed at lower E2 doses.
  • Similar to E2, BPA increased prostasphere number and size with significant and maximal effects observed at 10 nM BPA
  • Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that, similar to E2, BPA increases stem cell self-renewal and progenitor amplification in normal human prostate epithelial cells
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • these findings provide further support that E2 and BPA maintain the stem-like state within the normal prostate epithelial cell population
  • Our previous findings demonstrated that normal prostate stem-progenitor cells within the prostaspheres expressed ERα and ERβ, implicating them as direct targets for E2 and BPA action
  • p-Akt and p-Erk, well established downstream targets of membrane-associated ERs
  • BPA and E2 had equimolar capacity for activation of these rapid signaling pathways in human prostaspheres, thus identifying a dynamic and robust signaling pathway initiated by low-dose BPA exposure in prostate stem-progenitor cells.
  • these findings indicate that both rapid membrane-initiated estrogen action and genomic ER signaling pathways are operative in human prostate progenitor cells.
  • these results document the fact that levels of bioactive BPA in the present study are similar to levels found in human umbilical cord blood and newborns in the general population
  • the present findings identify for the first time that in vivo exposure of the human prostate epithelium to low doses of BPA significantly increases the susceptibility of the human prostate epithelium to hormonal carcinogenesis.
  • The current study provides clear evidence that, similar to E2, normal human prostate stem and progenitor cells are direct targets for BPA action
  • Both hormones increased stem-like cell numbers in primary prostate epithelial cultures in a dose-dependent manner and augmented the number and size of 3-D cultured prostaspheres, markers of stem cell self-renewal and progenitor cell proliferation, respectively
  • signaling pathways engaged by estrogens through these separate receptors are multiple and complex, including both membrane-initiated signaling and genomic activation via ER transcriptional activity
  • Estrogen action is mediated by ERα and ERβ
  • the current results indicate that developmental exposure to BPA, at doses routinely found in humans, significantly increases the cancer risk in human prostate epithelium in response to elevated estrogen levels in an androgen-supported milieu. Because relative estrogen levels rise in aging men, we suggest that humans may be susceptible to BPA-driven prostate disease in a manner similar to that in the rodent models.
  • We propose that early-life perturbations in estrogen signaling including inappropriate exposure to BPA have the potential to amplify and modify the stem-progenitor cell populations within the human prostate gland and, in so doing, alter the normal homeostatic mechanisms that maintain a growth neutral state throughout life
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 16
     
    Bisphenol A exposure in utero found to increase prostate cancer risk later in life.  This exposure occurred at typical life exposure levels as found in umbilical cord blood sampling,  This occurred through stem cell self-renewal and progenitor amplification
Nathan Goodyear

Resveratrol reduces endothelial progenitor cells senescence through augmentation of tel... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2567879

resveratrol EPCs ageing endothelial progenitor cells Telomere Telomerase activity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Jul 12
     
    Resveratrol reduces EPC ageining through increased Telomerase activity, and thus increasing telomere length.  Estradiol has been shown to do the same.
Nathan Goodyear

'Metabolic syndrome' in the brain: deficiency in omega-3 fatty acid exacerbates dysfunc... - 0 views

jp.physoc.org/...2485.abstract

metabolic syndrome brain insulin fructose resistance omega 3 n-3

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Sep 12 - No Cached
  • n-3 deficient diet and fructose interventions disrupted insulin receptor signalling in hippocampus as evidenced by a decrease in phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and its downstream effector Akt
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Sep 12
     
    rats fed high fructose diet and omega-3 diet found to have memory decline.  The purpose of this study was to look at the effects of Metabolic syndrome on the brain.
Nathan Goodyear

INCREASED INCIDENCE OF WELL-DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER ASSOCIATED WITH HASHIMOTO'S T... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2430882

Hashimoto's thyroiditis thyroid cancer hormone hormones autoimmune disease inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Aug 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Aug 13
     
    Strong link between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and thyroid cancer.  Risk increased 3 fold.
Nathan Goodyear

Up-regulation of adiponectin by resveratrol: The essential roles of the Akt/FOXO1 and A... - 0 views

www.jbc.org/...jbc.M110.188144

resveratrol adiponectin

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Jan 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Jan 11
     
    Resveratrol increases adiponectin: very important in obestity treatment, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome...
Nathan Goodyear

Cambridge Journals Online - Abstract - Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduce... - 0 views

journals.cambridge.org/...displayAbstract

resveratrol insulin resistance sensitivity oxidative stress

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 May 11 - No Cached
  • resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity in humans,
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 May 11
     
    Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity
Nathan Goodyear

Cell - Insulin Signaling: Inositol Phosphates Get into the Akt - 0 views

www.cell.com/...S0092-8674(10)01362-0

insulin signaling PCOS IPG's inositol phosphoglycans D-chiro-inositol

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 May 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 May 11
     
    Inositol phsophoglycans part of insulin signaling pathways
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone Supplementation Reverses Sarcopenia in Aging through Regulation of Myostat... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2817626

Testosterone Sarcopenia aging

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Aug 14
     
    animal study finds Testosterone reversed age associated sarcopenia.
Nathan Goodyear

Cannabinoids reduce ErbB2-driven breast cancer progression through Akt inhibition | Mol... - 0 views

molecular-cancer.biomedcentral.com/...1476-4598-9-196

Cancer "breast cancer" THC CBD "medical medical marijuana

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 Nov 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 12 Nov 18
     
    Mouse study finds THC and CBD agonist reduce tumor growth, inhibit angiogenesis, induce apoptosis, and reduce metastasis. In addition, 91% of breast cancers in animal study expressed CB2 receptors.
Nathan Goodyear

3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase-1/Akt Signaling Represents a Major Cyclooxy... - 0 views

cancerres.aacrjournals.org/...1444

cox-2 Celebrex cancer prostate cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Aug 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Aug 18
     
    COX-2 therapy can inhibit tumor growth and even promote apoptosis in prostate cell model.
Nathan Goodyear

Adenoid cystic carcinoma: current therapy and potential therapeutic advances based on g... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4741919

adenoid cystic carcinoma

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Oct 18 - No Cached
  • Cisplatin and 5-FU or CAP (cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide) regimens can be used for combination chemotherapy
  • patients with advanced salivary gland malignancy treated with the CAP regimen achieved partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) rates of 67% (8 out of 12 patients)
  • Agents commonly given as monotherapy for treating ACC are cisplatin, mitoxantrone, epirubicin, vinorelbine, paclitaxel, and gemcitabine. However, few of these agents have shown efficacy
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • single agent mitoxantrone or vinorelbine were recommended as reasonable choices
  • ACC is subdivided into 3 histological groups based on solid components of the tumor including cribriform, tubular, and solid
  • Cribriform and tubular ACCs usually exhibit a more indolent course, whereas the solid subtype is associated with worse prognosis
  • ACC consists of two different cell types: inner luminal epithelial cells and outer myoepithelial cells
  • epithelial cells express c-kit, cox-2 and Bcl-2
  • myoepithelial cells express EGFR and MYB
  • a balanced translocation of the v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog-nuclear factor I/B (MYB-NFIB) is considered to be a signature molecular event of ACC oncogenesis
  • As a transcription factor, MYB is known to modulate multiple genetic downstream targets involved in oncogenesis, such as cox-2, c-kit, Bcl-2 and BclX
  • Various signaling cascades are essential for cancer cells to survive and grow. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is one of them
  • This pathway regulates cell survival and growth and is upregulated in many cancers
  • Mutations in genes associated with DNA repair are frequently found in familial cancer syndromes, such as hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC), hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, also called Lynch syndrome) and Li-Fraumeni syndrome [30, 31]. These mutations were also reported in non-hereditary cancers
  • 70% of ACC samples (58 of 84) were found to have genetic alterations in the MYB/MYC pathway, indicating that changes in this pathway are crucial in ACC pathogenesis
  • The second most frequently mutated pathway was involved in chromatin remodeling (epigenetic modification), a pathway that includes multiple histone related proteins, and was altered in 44% of samples
  • C-kit
  • VEGF, iNOS and NF-κB were noted to be highly expressed in ACC cells as compared to normal salivary gland cells
  • members of the SOX family, such as SOX 4 and SOX10, are overexpressed in ACC
  • FABP7 (Fatty acid binding protein 7) and AQP1 (Aquaporin 1) tend to be overexpressed in ACC cell lines
  • considerable variability in HER2 overexpression ranging from 0–58% in patients with ACC
  • the study with cetuximab and concurrent chemoradiation or chemotherapy showed the highest ORR (total 43%, 9.5% CR and 33% PR), but this regimen was only given to the EGFR positive patients
  • Cancer immunotherapy can be classified into 3 major groups. Active immunization using anti-tumor vaccines to induce and recruit T cells, passive immunization based on monoclonal antibodies, and adoptive cell transfer to expand tumor-reactive autologous T cells ex vivo and then reintroduce these cells into the same individual
  • LAK cells showed cytotoxicity against ACC cells
  • cytokine-induced cell apoptosis and the cytotoxic effect of the LAK cells contributed to tumor regression
  • molecular finding of the MYB-NFIB fusion gene has the greatest potential to target what appears to be a fundamental event in disease pathogenesis
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Oct 18
     
    good review of adenoid cystic carcinoma
Nathan Goodyear

The current state and future perspectives of cannabinoids in cancer biology - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC5852356

Cancer CBD THC cannabinoids

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Sep 18 - No Cached
hoangkimchi liked it
  • The activation of each of them leads to an inhibition of adenylyl cyclase via G proteins (Gi/o), which in turn activates many metabolic pathways such as mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3‐kinase pathway (PI3K), cyclooxygenase‐2 pathway (COX‐2), accumulation of ceramide, modulation of protein kinase B (Akt), and ion channels
  • phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids
  • Action of THC in human organism relies on mimicking endogenous agonists of CB receptors—endocannabinoids
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • The upregulated expression of CB receptors and the elevated levels of endocannabinoids have been observed in a variety of cancer cells (skin, prostate, and colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, endometrial sarcoma, glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma and pituitary adenoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, chemically induced hepatocarcinoma, mantel cell lymphoma)
  • concentration of endocannabinoids, expression level of their receptors, and the enzymes involved in their metabolism frequently are associated with an aggressiveness of cancer
  • CB2 receptor contributes to human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) pro‐oncogenic signaling and an overexpression of CB2 increases susceptibility for leukemia development after leukemia viral infection
  • endocannabinoid‐degrading enzymes are upregulated in cancer cell lines and in human tumors
  • Many cannabinoids, ranging from phytocannabinoids (THC, CBD), endocannabinoids (2‐arachidonoylglycerol, anandamide), to synthetic cannabinoids (JWH‐133, WIN‐55,212‐2), have shown ability to inhibit proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis in a variety of models of cancer
  • Despite some inconsistent data, the main effect of cannabinoids in a tumor is the inhibition of cancer cells’ proliferation and induction of cancer cell death by apoptosis
  • CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists stimulate apoptotic cell death in glioma cells by induction of de novo synthesis of ceramide, sphingolipid with proapoptotic activity
  • process of autophagy is upstream of apoptosis in mechanism of cell death induced by cannabinoids
Nathan Goodyear

Therapeutic hyperthermia: The old, the new, and the upcoming - Critical Reviews in Onco... - 1 views

www.croh-online.com/...fulltext

hyperthermia hyperthermic therapy cancer oncology

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 18 - No Cached
  • not well understood, but it is felt to be a combination of both heat-induced necrosis and of protein inactivation (e.g., repair enzymes) as opposed to DNA damage
  • alterations in tumor cytoskeletal and membrane structures, which disrupt cell motility and intracellular signal transduction
  • A common explanation for HT-enhancement of RT and CT involves inhibition of homologous recombination repair of double-strand DNA breaks, preventing cells from repairing sub-lethal damage
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • it does appear to inhibit rejoining of RT-induced DNA breaks more than is commonly observed after RT alone
  • HT damages cells and enhances RT and CT sensitivity as a function of both temperature and duration of treatment
  • as temperature or duration increase, the rate of cell killing also increases
  • At temperatures above 42 °C, tumor vasculature is damaged, resulting in decreased blood flow
  • Cancer cells are particularly vulnerable to heating; in vivo studies have shown that temperatures in the range of 40–44 °C cause more selective damage to tumor cells
  • cancerous blood vessels are chaotic, leaky, and inefficient
  • selective cytotoxic effect on tumor cells include inhibition of key cancer cell-signaling pathways such as AKT, inducing apoptosis, suppression of cancer stem cell proliferation, and others
  • increase in immunological attacks against tumors after HT, which were believed to be achieved through activation of HSPs and subsequent modulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses against tumor cells
  • HT does lead to activation of the immune system and HSP-induced cell death through modification of the tumor cell surface
  • These HSPs and tumor antigens are taken up by dendritic cells and macrophages and go on to induce specific anti-tumor immunity
  • In vivo studies demonstrate HT-enhancement of NK cell activity, and HT has been shown to increase neutrophilic granulocytes with anti-tumor activity
  • it has become increasingly clear that HT results in immune stimulation, through both direct heat-mediated cell killing as well as innate and adaptive immune system modulation
  • The term hyperthermia is used in this review to refer to heating within the clinically accepted range of 40–45 °C
  • temperatures above 42.5–43 °C the exposure time can be halved with each 1 °C increase while maintaining equivalent cell killing
  • gradual heating at 43 °C for 1 h worked through an apoptotic pathway
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 18
     
    Comprehensive review of hyperthemic therapy.
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