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Nathan Goodyear

Androgen deprivation promotes intratumoral synthesis of dihydrotestosterone from androg... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...srep01528.html

prostate cancer 3-alpha androstanediol 3-beta androstanediol DHT metabolite metabolites

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • PSA levels in media were increased by 3α-diol
  • Similarly to 3α-diol, 3β-diol also increased PSA levels in media in a concentration-dependent manner
  • intracellular DHT is synthesized from inactive androgen 3α- and 3β-diol via different pathways in prostate cancer cells
  • ...12 more annotations...
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jul 15
       
      error in statement: DHT metabolites are not inactive, they just don't activate AR.
  • 3β-diol can be a precursor of DHT in prostate cancer cells.
  • serum 3α-diol G levels reflect the androgen milieu in localized prostate cancer patients receiving ADT
  • A few studies reported that 3β-diol is a potential ligand of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and has an antiproliferative effect
  • our results revealed that 3β-diol is potentially a precursor of DHT in prostate cancer cells
  • Bauman et al. showed that 3α-diol is inactive at AR, but induces prostate growth
  • Prostate cancer cells promoted synthesis from the DHT metabolite 3α-diol during the long duration of ADT
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jul 15
       
      the authors highlight the suggestion is that 3alpha-diol's activity is via 3alpha-HSD, but fail to mention that it is known that 3alpha-diol interacts with the ER-alpha in the prostate.
  • verified the synthesis of DHT from 3α- or 3β-diol via different pathways in prostate cancer cells in this study
  • HSD17B6 expression levels in prostate cancer can be useful for the diagnosis of high-risk prostate cancer
  • serum 3α-diol G levels reflect the adrenal androgen milieu in localized prostate cancer patients
  • 3α- and 3β-diol has a much more significant role in intratumoral androgen metabolism during ADT
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 14
     
    DHT metabolites play an important role of intra-prostate DHT synthesis in those following ADT.  This is a proposed mechanism for the failure rate and aggressive nature of prostate cancer that fails ADT.   3-alpha androstanediol is converted via 3 alpha HSD back to DHT.  In contrast, 3-beta androstanediol cannot.
Nathan Goodyear

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition - Effect of maternal n-3 long-chain polyunsatura... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...ejcn2014158a.html

nutrition n-3 omega 3 omega-3 fish oil pregnancy childhood obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • It is estimated that approximately 30% of children and adolescents in the United States and about 15–30% of those in Europe can be classified as overweight or obese
  • An increasing body of evidence now suggests that the nutritional environment encountered in utero and the early postnatal life may elicit permanent alterations in adipose tissue structure or function and, thereby, programme the individual’s propensity to later obesity
  • The composition of fatty acids in the Western diets has shifted toward an increasing dominance of n-6 relative to n-3 LCPUFAs over the past decades.9,10 This shift is also reflected in the fatty acid composition of breast milk
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Evidence from animal studies suggests that the n-6 LCPUFA arachidonic acid promotes adipose tissue deposition, whereas the n-3 LCPUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid seem to exert an opposite effect
  • Overall, no effect of supplementation was found on BMI in preschool (<5 years) and school-aged (6–12 years) children
  • increased adiposity, once established in childhood, tends to track into adulthood
  • Many studies have shown that even children <2 years with a high BMI are at increased risk of developing obesity later in life
  • The acquisition of fat cells early in life appears to be an irreversible process
  • Evidence from cell culture and animal studies suggests that early exposure to n-3 LCPUFAs has the potential to limit adipose tissue deposition mainly by attenuating the production of the arachidonic acid metabolite prostacyclin, which has been shown to enhance adipogenesis
  • In conclusion, there is currently no evidence to support that maternal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy and/or lactation exerts a favourable programming effect on adiposity status in childhood
  • our systematic review highlights that most of the trials reviewed were prone to methodological limitations
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Dec 14
     
    Literature review finds limited data (9 studies, only 6 RCTs) of omega-3 during pregnancy.  No data was found that supported reduced obesity in children by mothers taking n-3 during pregnancy.  No harm was found either.  Data was sparse.   Take home: not enough data, no harm to pregnancy, children, thus if indications are present for mother, then recommend n-3.  At this point not studies have pointed to reduced obesity in children.
wheelchairindia9

Karma Kp 10.3 - 0 views

www.wheelchairs-wheelchairs.com/...Karma-KP-10-3-Power-Wheelchair

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shared by wheelchairindia9 on 07 Nov 15 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 07 Nov 15
     
    Karma KP 10.3 S Power Wheelchair Ergonomic seat system provides comfortable seating Tool-free disassembled into 3 parts for traveling and transportation Quick-release battery pack Washable upholstery Height adjustable and flip back armrest 2-level adjustable back angle
wheelchairindia9

KP 10.3 Power Wheelchair - 0 views

www.wheelchairs.net.in/...Karma-KP-10-3-Power-Wheelchair

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shared by wheelchairindia9 on 16 Nov 15 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 16 Nov 15
     
    Karma KP 10.3 S Power Wheelchair Ergonomic seat system provides comfortable seating Tool-free disassembled into 3 parts for traveling and transportation Quick-release battery pack Washable upholstery Height adjustable and flip back armrest 2-level adjustable back angle
wheelchairindia9

KP 10.3 Power Wheelchair - 0 views

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shared by wheelchairindia9 on 18 Nov 15 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 18 Nov 15
     
    Karma KP 10.3 S Power Wheelchair Ergonomic seat system provides comfortable seating Tool-free disassembled into 3 parts for traveling and transportation Quick-release battery pack Washable upholstery Height adjustable and flip back armrest 2-level adjustable back angle
wheelchairindia9

KP 10.3 S Power Wheelchair - 0 views

www.wheelchairsindia.info/...Karma-KP-10-3-Power-Wheelchair

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shared by wheelchairindia9 on 16 Nov 15 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 16 Nov 15
     
    Karma KP 10.3 S Power Wheelchair Ergonomic seat system provides comfortable seating Tool-free disassembled into 3 parts for traveling and transportation Quick-release battery pack Washable upholstery Height adjustable and flip back armrest 2-level adjustable back angle
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone and the Cardiovascular System: A Comprehensive Review of the Clinical Lite... - 0 views

jaha.ahajournals.org/...e000272.full

Testosterone men male cardiovascular disease low T

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Low endogenous bioavailable testosterone levels have been shown to be associated with higher rates of all‐cause and cardiovascular‐related mortality.39,41,46–47 Patients suffering from CAD,13–18 CHF,137 T2DM,25–26 and obesity27–28
  • have all been shown to have lower levels of endogenous testosterone compared with those in healthy controls. In addition, the severity of CAD15,17,29–30 and CHF137 correlates with the degree of testosterone deficiency
  • In patients with CHF, testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to significantly improve exercise tolerance while having no effect on LVEF
  • ...66 more annotations...
  • testosterone therapy causes a shift in the skeletal muscle of CHF patients toward a higher concentration of type I muscle fibers
  • Testosterone replacement therapy has also been shown to improve the homeostatic model of insulin resistance and hemoglobin A1c in diabetics26,68–69 and to lower the BMI in obese patients.
  • Lower levels of endogenous testosterone have been associated with longer duration of the QTc interval
  • testosterone replacement has been shown to shorten the QTc interval
  • negative correlation has been demonstrated between endogenous testosterone levels and IMT of the carotid arteries, abdominal aorta, and thoracic aorta
  • These findings suggest that men with lower levels of endogenous testosterone may be at a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis.
  • Current guidelines from the Endocrine Society make no recommendations on whether patients with heart disease should be screened for hypogonadism and do not recommend supplementing patients with heart disease to improve survival.
  • The Massachusetts Male Aging Study also projects ≈481 000 new cases of hypogonadism annually in US men within the same age group
  • since 1993 prescriptions for testosterone, regardless of the formulation, have increased nearly 500%
  • Testosterone levels are lower in patients with chronic illnesses such as end‐stage renal disease, human immunodeficiency virus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and several genetic conditions such as Klinefelter syndrome
  • A growing body of evidence suggests that men with lower levels of endogenous testosterone are more prone to develop CAD during their lifetimes
  • There are 2 major potential confounding factors that the older studies generally failed to account for. These factors are the subfraction of testosterone used to perform the analysis and the method used to account for subclinical CAD.
  • The biologically inactive form of testosterone is tightly bound to SHBG and is therefore unable to bind to androgen receptors
  • The biologically inactive fraction of testosterone comprises nearly 68% of the total testosterone in human serum
  • The biologically active subfraction of testosterone, also referred to as bioavailable testosterone, is either loosely bound to albumin or circulates freely in the blood, the latter referred to as free testosterone
  • It is estimated that ≈30% of total serum testosterone is bound to albumin, whereas the remaining 1% to 3% circulates as free testosterone
  • it can be argued that using the biologically active form of testosterone to evaluate the association with CAD will produce the most reliable results
  • English et al14 found statistically significant lower levels of bioavailable testosterone, free testosterone, and free androgen index in patients with catheterization‐proven CAD compared with controls with normal coronary arteries
  • patients with catheterization‐proven CAD had statistically significant lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
  • In conclusion, existing evidence suggests that men with CAD have lower levels of endogenous testosterone,13–18 and more specifically lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
  • low testosterone levels are associated with risk factors for CAD such as T2DM25–26 and obesity
  • In a meta‐analysis of these 7 population‐based studies, Araujo et al41 showed a trend toward increased cardiovascular mortality associated with lower levels of total testosterone, but statistical significance was not achieved (RR, 1.25
  • the authors showed that a decrease of 2.1 standard deviations in levels of total testosterone was associated with a 25% increase in the risk of cardiovascular mortality
  • the relative risk of all‐cause mortality in men with lower levels of total testosterone was calculated to be 1.35
  • higher risk of cardiovascular mortality is associated with lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
  • Existing evidence seems to suggest that lower levels of endogenous testosterone are associated with higher rates of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality
  • studies have shown that lower levels of endogenous bioavailable testosterone are associated with higher rates of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality
  • It may be possible that using bioavailable testosterone to perform mortality analysis will yield more accurate results because it prevents the biologically inactive subfraction of testosterone from playing a potential confounding role in the analysis
  • The earliest published material on this matter dates to the late 1930s
  • the concept that testosterone replacement therapy improves angina has yet to be proven wrong
  • In more recent studies, 3 randomized, placebo‐controlled trials demonstrated that administration of testosterone improves myocardial ischemia in men with CAD
  • The improvement in myocardial ischemia was shown to occur in response to both acute and chronic testosterone therapy and seemed to be independent of whether an intravenous or transdermal formulation of testosterone was used.
  • testosterone had no effect on endothelial nitric oxide activity
  • There is growing evidence from in vivo animal models and in vitro models that testosterone induces coronary vasodilation by modulating the activity of ion channels, such as potassium and calcium channels, on the surface of vascular smooth muscle cells
  • Experimental studies suggest that the most likely mechanism of action for testosterone on vascular smooth muscle cells is via modulation of action of non‐ATP‐sensitive potassium ion channels, calcium‐activated potassium ion channels, voltage‐sensitive potassium ion channels, and finally L‐type calcium ion channels
  • Corona et al confirmed those results by demonstrating that not only total testosterone levels are lower among diabetics, but also the levels of free testosterone and SHBG are lower in diabetic patients
  • Laaksonen et al65 followed 702 Finnish men for 11 years and demonstrated that men in the lowest quartile of total testosterone, free testosterone, and SHBG were more likely to develop T2DM and metabolic syndrome.
  • Vikan et al followed 1454 Swedish men for 11 years and discovered that men in the highest quartile of total testosterone were significantly less likely to develop T2DM
  • authors demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the incidence of T2DM in subjects receiving gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist therapy. In addition, a significant increase in the rate of myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden cardiac death, and development of cardiovascular disease was noted in patients receiving antiandrogen therapy.67
  • Several authors have demonstrated that the administration of testosterone in diabetic men improves the homeostatic model of insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c, and fasting plasma glucose
  • Existing evidence strongly suggests that the levels of total and free testosterone are lower among diabetic patients compared with those in nondiabetics
  • insulin seems to be acting as a stimulant for the hypothalamus to secret gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, which consequently results in increased testosterone production. It can be argued that decreased stimulation of the hypothalamus in diabetics secondary to insulin deficiency could result in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
  • BMI has been shown to be inversely associated with testosterone levels
  • This interaction may be a result of the promotion of lipolysis in abdominal adipose tissue by testosterone, which may in turn cause reduced abdominal adiposity. On the other hand, given that adipose tissue has a higher concentration of the enzyme aromatase, it could be that increased adipose tissue results in more testosterone being converted to estrogen, thereby causing hypogonadism. Third, increased abdominal obesity may cause reduced testosterone secretion by negatively affecting the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐testicular axis. Finally, testosterone may be the key factor in activating the enzyme 11‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in adipose tissue, which transforms glucocorticoids into their inactive form.
  • increasing age may alter the association between testosterone and CRP. Another possible explanation for the association between testosterone level and CRP is central obesity and waist circumference
  • Bai et al have provided convincing evidence that testosterone might be able to shorten the QTc interval by augmenting the activity of slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium channels while simultaneously slowing the activity of L‐type calcium channels
  • consistent evidence that supplemental testosterone shortens the QTc interval.
  • Intima‐media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery is considered a marker for preclinical atherosclerosis
  • Studies have shown that levels of endogenous testosterone are inversely associated with IMT of the carotid artery,126–128,32,129–130 as well as both the thoracic134 and the abdominal aorta
  • 1 study has demonstrated that lower levels of free testosterone are associated with accelerated progression of carotid artery IMT
  • another study has reported that decreased levels of total and bioavailable testosterone are associated with progression of atherosclerosis in the abdominal aorta
  • These findings suggest that normal physiologic testosterone levels may help to protect men from the development of atherosclerosis
  • Czesla et al successfully demonstrated that the muscle specimens that were exposed to metenolone had a significant shift in their composition toward type I muscle fibers
  • Type I muscle fibers, also known as slow‐twitch or oxidative fibers, are associated with enhanced strength and physical capability
  • It has been shown that those with advanced CHF have a higher percentage of type II muscle fibers, based on muscle biopsy
  • Studies have shown that men with CHF suffer from reduced levels of total and free testosterone.137 It has also been shown that reduced testosterone levels in men with CHF portends a poor prognosis and is associated with increased CHF mortality.138 Reduced testosterone has also been shown to correlate negatively with exercise capacity in CHF patients.
  • Testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to significantly improve exercise capacity, without affecting LVEF
  • the results of the 3 meta‐analyses seem to indicate that testosterone replacement therapy does not cause an increase in the rate of adverse cardiovascular events
  • Data from 3 meta‐analyses seem to contradict the commonly held belief that testosterone administration may increase the risk of developing prostate cancer
  • One meta‐analysis reported an increase in all prostate‐related adverse events with testosterone administration.146 However, when each prostate‐related event, including prostate cancer and a rise in PSA, was analyzed separately, no differences were observed between the testosterone group and the placebo group
  • the existing data from the 3 meta‐analyses seem to indicate that testosterone replacement therapy does not increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events
  • the authors correctly point out the weaknesses of their study which include retrospective study design and lack of randomization, small sample size at extremes of follow‐up, lack of outcome validation by chart review and poor generalizability of the results given that only male veterans with CAD were included in this study
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 04 Dec 13
       
      The authors here present Total Testosterone as a "confounding" value
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 09 Dec 13
       
      This would be HSD-II
  • the studies that failed to find an association between testosterone and CRP used an older population group
  • low testosterone may influence the severity of CAD by adversely affecting the mediators of the inflammatory response such as high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor–α
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Nov 13
     
    Good review of Testosterone and CHD.  Low T is associated with increased all cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, CAD, CHF, type II diabetes, obesity, increased IMT,  increased severity of CAD and CHF.  Testosterone replacement in men with low T has been shown to improve exercise tolerance in CHF, improve insulin resistance, improve HgbA1c and lower BMI in the obese.
wheelchairindia9

Soma SM 150-3 - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...Soma-SM-150-3

Soma SM 150.3 Soma SM 150.3 Wheelchair SM 150.3 Wheelchair

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 07 Jan 16 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 07 Jan 16
     
    Soma SM 150.3: The SM-150.3 is an aluminum alloy standard wheelchair that is economic, solid, and durable. Soma SM 150.3 Wheelchair Features: Elliptical frame The unique and stylish elliptical frame ensures that the chair is both rigid and robust. Integrated seating system For intensive wheelchair users, we provide seating system that can be free from hammock effect. The innovative and durable seating system makes it easy for you to detach seat upholstery for cleaning purpose. Secure non-slip footplate A non-slip and ergonomic footplate provides you with a stable and comfortable base for placing feet. Energy-saving tipping lever The ergonomic design allows caregivers to operate the lever without much effort so the casters can overcome obstacles such as thresholds and curbs. Item Code:WCI-201 MRP: Rs 12000 Our Price:Rs 9950 Net Price:Rs 9751 ( Apply Coupon Code 'MSW2365' Get 2% Discount ) Soma SM 150.3 Wheelchair Measurements: Seat Width(cm):43 Seat Depth(cm):42 Caster Size(inch):7
Nathan Goodyear

ω-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation as a Potential Therapeutic Aid for the Recover... - 0 views

advances.nutrition.org/...268.full

omega 3 DHA EPA fish oil TBI traumatic brain injury concussions concussion brain injury

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • There is a growing body of preclinical literature suggesting that ω-3 FAs, and DHA in particular, may play a therapeutic role in mTBI
  • the potential for ameliorating or possibly even preventing the complications associated with concussions
  • DHA is the predominant ω-3 FA present in the brain, and, consistent with this finding, DHA, and not EPA, has been demonstrated to be critical for brain development and cognitive function throughout life
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • the concentration of EPA in the brain is negligible (77–80), suggesting that EPA plays a limited role in mediating the beneficial effects of LCPUFA supplementation on mTBI pathology
  • the current state of the science regarding LCPUFA supplementation for the treatment of concussion is based primarily on animal models
  • there is evidence that the amount of DHA in brain tissue is decreased after mTBI (65, 66), suggesting an elevated need for DHA in mTBI recovery.
  • the well-established role of DHA in supporting the structure and function of the brain throughout the lifespan (26, 27, 46, 47, 53) provides encouragement that LCPUFAs may also prove beneficial in the context of concussion recovery.
  • no therapies are currently available to aid the recovery from this injury
  • Previously discussed reports outlining the use of ω-3 FAs in the recovery from severe TBIs (reviewed in Ref. 92) described the use of very-high doses of LCPUFAs (16.2 g/d EPA plus DHA) in the recovery of these patients
  • Within the context of mTBIs/concussions, translating a DHA intake used in several rat studies of mTBI recovery (40 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ d−1 DHA) (57, 63, 64) using body surface area conversion methods (93) amounts to an estimated human intake of 387 mg/d DHA
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 15
     
    nice review of the evidence of n-3, particularily DHA, in concussions and concussion recovery.
wheelchairindia9

Soma SM 100.3 - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...Soma-SM-100-3

Lightweight Chairs Independent For Wheelchair User Ultra Lightweight Wheelchair Lightweight Wheelchair Soma SM 100.3 Light Wheelchairs travel wheelchairs

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 07 Jan 16 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 07 Jan 16
     
    Soma SM 100.3 The SM-100.3 is an aluminum alloy standard wheelchair that is economic, solid, and durable. Soma SM 100.3 Wheelchair Features: Elliptical frame The unique and stylish elliptical frame ensures that the chair is both rigid and robust. Integrated seating system For intensive wheelchair users, we provide seating system that can be free from hammock effect. The innovative and durable seating system makes it easy for you to detach seat upholstery for cleaning purpose. Secure non-slip footplate A non-slip and ergonomic footplate provides you with a stable and comfortable base for placing feet. Energy-saving tipping lever The ergonomic design allows caregivers to operate the lever without much effort so the casters can overcome obstacles such as thresholds and curbs. Soma SM 100.3 Wheelchair Measurements: Seat Width(cm):43 Seat Depth(cm):42 Caster Size(inch):7 Rear Wheel Size(Inch/QR) 16F/22F
Nathan Goodyear

Metabolic Effects of Liothyronine Therapy in Hypothyroidism: A Randomized, Double-Blind... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jc.2011-1329

T4 T3 hypothyroid hypothyroidism thyroid lipids weight loss metabolism cholesterol hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • tissue euthyroidism is the net result of multiple steps including conversion of the prohormone T4 into its active metabolite T3, which is ultimately responsible for signaling at the end-organ target level
  • The circulating and intracellular pools of T3 of treated hypothyroid patients (i.e. devoid of endogenous TH production) depend entirely on the conversion of exogenous l-T4 into T3
  • TH is the major regulator of basal metabolic rate
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • The substitution of l-T3 for l-T4 caused a significant weight loss
  • The substitution of l-T3 for l-T4 caused a significant reduction in lipid parameters
  • Despite the increase in serum T3, the l-T3 treatment did not cause major changes in cardiovascular or musculoskeletal function, as indicated by the echocardiographic and maximal exercise tolerance tests and DXA studies.
  • The changes in serum lipid metabolism parameters are similar to the effects observed with drugs approved for the treatment of dyslipidemia
  • This differential response appears to be limited to the lipid metabolism and SHBG, whereas no differences in indices of insulin resistance were detected. This is remarkable because hyperthyroid states are associated with an increase in hepatic gluconeogenesis (37), and overt thyrotoxicosis is a known cause of secondary diabetes.
  • TH action is increased in the liver, and the SHBG increase supports this hypothesis
  • Similarly, no significant differences were observed in blood pressure, heart rate, or endothelial vascular function
  • In conclusion, the results of this pharmacology, proof-of-concept study indicate that replacement therapy of hypothyroidism with l-T3, compared with l-T4 causes weight loss and favorable changes in the lipid profile without appreciable side effects
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 14
     
    Crossover study finds T3 versus T4 results in more weight loss, improved lipid management and increased SHBG without any adverse cardiovascular effects.   The T3 was dosed 3 x daily due to its short half life compared to T4.
Nathan Goodyear

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and reduction... [J Neurosurg. 2011] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...20635852

n-3 omega 3 omega-3 fish oil brain neuroplasticity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Nov 13
     
    Animal model shows that n-3 intake reduced axonal injury after injury insult.  This implies a use in n-3 intake even after an insult has occured. This implies a role for n-3 in neuroplasticity.
Nathan Goodyear

An endocrine pathway in the prostate, ERβ, AR, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol, and... - 0 views

www.pnas.org/...13589.full

3-beta androstanediol DHT metabolite prostate cancer ER-beta ER beta CYP7b1 cytochrome male hormone hormones men

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Although the prostate is an androgen-dependent tissue, estrogens influence both normal functions and pathological changes in this gland
  • This dual action may be due to the existence of two estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ
  • ERα and ERβ have similar affinities for estradiol-17β
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • In this study we have shown that regulation of the levels of 3βAdiol by CYP7B1 is a key factor in regulation of prostatic growth
  • We provide evidence that proliferating cells in the prostate epithelium have elevated levels of AR and that AR protein but not mRNA levels are regulated by ERβ and its ligand 3βAdiol in the prostate epithelium.
  • because inhibition of 5α-reductase causes accumulation of testosterone and removal of ERβ action increases the level of AR in the prostate, the overall effect of Finasteride would be to favor proliferation of the prostate epithelium
  • studies show that ERβ tends to be lost in advanced prostate cancer.
  • DHEA is converted in the body to 5-androstene-3β,17β-diol, which is also a ligand for estrogen receptors (25, 39) and a substrate for CYP7B1
  • At the peak of proliferation, the proliferating epithelial cells in the ventral prostate expressed high levels of CYP7B1 but had no detectable ERβ, whereas in nonproliferating cells the level of ERβ was high and that of CYP7B1 was low.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 14
     
    3-beta androstanediola, a product of 3alpha-HSD from DHT binds to ER beta and down regulates AR in prostate cancer.  This study proposes that the mechanism is via CYP7B1.  CYP7B1 inactivates 3-beta androstanediol.  Interesting, because 3-beta androstanediol is considered "inactive" when compared to 3-alpha androstanediol and its interaction with ER alpha.  
wheelchairindia9

Karma Power Wheelchair KP-10.3 - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...Karma-KP-10-3-Power-Wheelchair

Variety of Power Wheelchairs For Handicapped Power Wheelchairs For Handicapped Karma KP 10.2 Power Wheelchair Power Wheelchairs for sale manufacturer and supplier Karma Power Wheelchair KP-10.3

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 21 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 21 Apr 15
     
    Electric wheelchairs, also called power chairs, are often a more suitable option for those who are physically unable to self propel a manual wheelchair.Power Wheelchairs/Electric Wheelchairs is specially designed for Disabled and Handicapped People. This are recognized as the prominent manufacturer and supplier of a wide array of Power Wheelchairs. Variety of Power Wheelchairs for handicapped and disability product like- Variety of Power Wheelchairs: Karma KP 10-2 Power Wheelchair Karma KP 10-3 Power Wheelchair Karma KP 80 Power Wheelchair GM Lite Power Wheelchair Bronco Wheelchair Angel Wheelchair Karma KP 10.2 Power Wheelchair: Features: Seat, base & battery quickly detach for easy storageand transportation. Come with captain seat. With seat platform, the captain seat can be moved forward or backward using tools which is included. Adjustable armrest width and height. Footrests can be moved forward or backward for optimum placement. Quick release battery pack for easy storage and battery pack change. Karma KP 10-2 Power Wheelchair is a lightweight, compact, manoeuvrable power chair which now incorporates Karma's patented 'S-Ergo' seating system. It is compact enough for indoor use but powerful enough for outdoors. The concept behind the design of the power chair was to make it as light as possible and convenient to transport. The Karma KP 10-2 Power Wheelchair can be taken apart quickly and easily into four manageable components. The heaviest part weighs just 24kg. The quick release battery box has a convenient charging point built into it, which allows the batteries to be charged away from the power chair. Karma KP 10.3 Power Wheelchair: Ergonomic seat system provides comfortable seating. Tool-free disassembled into 3 parts for traveling and transportation. Quick-release battery pack. Washable upholstery. Height adjustable and flip back armrest. 2-level adjustable back angle. Features: Frame: Breaks down into 4
Nathan Goodyear

Epigenetic changes in blood leukocytes following an omega-3 fatty acid supplementation - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC5405524

epigenetics nutrigenomics omega 3 omega-3 diet nutrition methylation fats EPA DHA

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Sep 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Sep 17
     
    Epigenetic and really nutrigenomics: 6 week study of 3 gram omega 3 intake induced methylation changes.  Get that?  Only 6 weeks of omega 3 intake induces a change in genetic expression.
Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen receptor β and the progression of prostate cancer: role of 5α-andros... - 0 views

erc.endocrinology-journals.org/...731.long

3-beta androstanediol DHT Testosterone androgens prostate cancer ER beta ER-beta receptors ER men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • In the prostate, ERβ is highly expressed in the epithelial compartment, where it is the prevailing isoform
  • In the gland, DHT may be either reversibly 3α- or irreversibly 3β-hydroxylated by the different 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases respectively (Steckelbroeck et al. 2004); these transformations generate two metabolites respectively 3α-diol and 3β-Adiol, which are both unable to bind the AR. Instead, 3β-Adiol displays a high affinity for ERβ (Kuiper et al. 1998, Nilsson et al. 2001), and it has been proposed that this metabolite may play a key role in prostate development
  • ERβ signaling, in contrast to ERα, seems to act as a suppressor of prostate growth, and may be positively involved in breast cancer
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • 3β-Adiol counteracts PC cell proliferation in vitro
  • 3β-Adiol counteracts the biological actions of its androgenic precursors testosterone and DHT
  • functional antagonism of 3β-Adiol appears to be molecularly independent from the activation of the androgenic pathway
  • the action of 3β-Adiol is mediated, at the molecular levels, by the estrogenic pathway.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 14
     
    another awesome article dealing with hormone metabolites. Physicians that don't understand metabolites and receptors may be doing more harm than good.   One of the mainstays of the treatment of metastatic prostate disease is androgen deprivation therapy.  This article requires a reassessment of this due to the DHT metabolite 3-beta androstanediol.  This metabolite is produced from DHT production via the enzyme 3beta HSD.  This metabolite binds to ER beta, an estrogen receptor, and inhibits proliferation, migration, promotes adhesion (limits spreading), and stimulates apoptosis.  This is contrast to 3-alpha androstanediol.  Androgen deprivation therapy will decrease 3-beta androstanediol.  This is the likely reason for the increased aggressive prostate cancer found in those men using 5 alpha reductase inhibitors.
Nathan Goodyear

The androgen metabolite 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol (3betaAdiol) induces breast... - 0 views

www.researchgate.net/...aromatase_inhibitor_resistance

breast cancer aromatase aromatase inhibitors estradiol estrogen 3-beta androstanediol Testosterone DHT 3 beta HSD receptor receptors ER alpha ER-alpha ER beta ER-beta hormone hormones women

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  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 14
     
    Great article!!  Nice discussion of the complexity of hormones.  Women on aromatase inhibitors can make estrogen from Testosterone.  This is important with estrogen sensitive cancer as in breast cancer.  This will occur via alternative pathways: Testosterone to DHT via 5 alpha reductase and then DHT to 3 beta androstanediol via 3 beta HSD.  3 beta androstanediol is a male hormone metabolite that binds to estrogen receptors.  The affinity is less than Estradiol, but appears to have a higher affinity for ER beta over ER alpha. 
Nathan Goodyear

Membrane 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dio... [J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...16154741

progesterone metabolite metabolites 3-alpha pregnene 3-alpha pregnenes 5-alpha pregnene 5-alpha pregnenes estradiol hormone hormones breast cancer

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  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Jan 14
     
    Progesterone metabolites are present on the membrane of ER/PR + as well as ER/PR - breast cancer cell lines.  The balance of 5 alpha pregnane:3 alpha pregnane regulates tumor genesis.  Estradiol increased 5 alpha pregnane receptors as well as 5 alpha pregnane unregulated itself via autocrine activity.  The 3 alpha pregnenes, 3 alpha hydroxyprogesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, decrease the 5 alpha pregnane receptors via paracrine activity.
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www.wheelchairindia.com/...SIDE-WHEEL-ATTACHMENT

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  • wheelchairindia9 on 24 Apr 15
     
    Heavy duty mobility scooters are strong enough to accommodate almost any user. When compared with lighter units, mobility scooters models tend to feature bigger motors, wider bases, and larger tires. While a lighter model may be difficult to maneuver through rougher landscapes, mobility scooter is designed to tackle even the most challenging terrain.An excellent selection of scooters for sale. An extensive scooter accessories section, where find plenty of customization options to help ensure that the model select is a perfect fit. Side Wheels For Hero Pleasure: Side Wheel Attachment for Hero Pleasure or Side Wheels For Hero Pleasure or Three wheeler Hero Pleasure for handicapped is product, designed for use with bikes meant for the open road. Instead of shifting with a foot, a rider can drive easily their bike on road using his or her hand. This piece of equipment has been tested at well-known motorcycle tracks. This provides assembly and installation for all products at all facilities. Side Wheel Attachment For Hero Pleasure to fit the widest array of motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles possible. Side Wheel Attachment For Hero Pleasure Measurements: Frame : 38 mm 16 Gauge CR Pipe With Powder Coated Wheel Hub : Alloys Molded 2 Piece Tyre Size : 3.50 x 10 Inches 2 Piece Tube Size : 3.50 x 10 inches 2 Piece Shocks Up Heavy Duty 4 Piece ball baring 2 Piece pin bush 2 Piece mudguard chrome plated 2 Piece Disk with 4 Hole Wheel Type: Alloy Wheel Width: 40" to 48" inch Carrying Capacity: 100 -150 kg Side Wheels For Hero Pleasure Features: Independent Mobility Minimal Cost Heavy Duty International quality standards Comfort High level of performance Carrying Capacity: 100 -150 kg Sturdy design Provides excellent balance Provides excellent support High durability Side Wheels For CD Deluxe: Side Wheel Attachment for CD Deluxe or Side Wheels For CD Deluxe or Three wheeler CD Deluxe for handicapped is product, designed for u
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  • fitspresso on 27 Sep 23
     
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