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Coffee, whether caffeinated or decaffeinated, is found to reduce the risk of type II diabetes in meta-analysis.  According to the authors, it is the polyphenols that provide the benefits.

low Testosterone associated with insulin resistance, type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and increased fat.  These will all translate to increased mortality.

Study looked at muscle loss in older men and found that low activity, type II diabetes, low Total Testosterone and low free Testosterone, and increased PTH are associated with an increased muscle loss 

No surprise, testosterone in men and women have different effects.  I just wrote a post on this.  Testosterone is positively associated with increased risk of diabetes in women, but inversely with men.  That is increased T in women equals increased Diabetes in women; contrast with increased T associated with decreased Diabetes in men.   But the interesting point is SHBG.  This study found a strong inverse association between SHBG with diabetes in women when compared to men.  Meaning: low SHBG is associated with an increased risk of type II Diabetes.  This is at the same time that testosterone is associated with an increased risk.

testosterone therapy in men with low Testosterone shown to improve insulin resistance, lower cholesterol and LDL, lower LpA, and improve ED.

key to type II DM management in men is still proper management of weight loss and exercise to reduce Estrogen production

only a small study, but ketogenic diet in those with type II DM resulted in improved glycemic control and elimination of meds in most cases.

Adipose 11Beta-HSD1 activity is increased in obese individuals with type II DM.  

1,000 mg Vitamin C improves Blood glucose and lipid levels in Type II DM. Also, known to improve HbA1c levels as well

Testosterone therapy in obese men with type II Diabetes and low T improved weight,  lipids, HgbA1c, and blood pressure.  There was more improvement with Leptin than with diet/exercise alone. What is very important is that the control group (diet, exercise, DM meds) had improvement in Testosterone levels, HgbA1c, lipids, BMI, and blood pressure; just not as strong as the treatment arm with Testosterone.

Lifestyle interventions significantly reduced weight and incidence of type II Diabetes compared to metformin.  Both significantly reduced the incidence, but lifestyle interventions were more beneficial than metformin.

Whey protein should be a tool in every medical provider to combat obesity and type II Diabetes.  The role? through improved insulin function: by interactions with cholecystokinin, peptide YY, incretins...

low carbohydrate diet found to improve glucose and insulin function in those obese with type II diabetes

low testosterone associated with insulin resistance and type II Diabetes

Increased risk of developing type II diabetes found in women with elevated fasting insulin, proinsulin and increased proinsulin:insulin ratio

Large study of over 3,000 adults shows lifestyle changes are more effective, than metformin, in reducing development of type II diabetes.  CRP, inflammatory marker, reduced at 1 year more in lifestyle (29%) versus metformin (14%).     And don't forget all the nutritional deficiencies that metformin creates.

New study reveals that statin drug of any kind increases the risk of type II diabetes by 48% in postmenopausal women

ATMs and obesity induced inflammation initiates insulin resistance and thus type II diabetes. The bodies reaction to a fat cell is no different than a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection.  The body recognizes something (fat) that shouldn't be there and it attempts to destroy it and remove it.

IR sauna improves quality of life measures in patients with type II diabetes

Omega 3 associated with improved insulin sensitivity, reduced HbA1C, reduced fasting glucose.  This study looked at the specific effect of EPA in those with type II diabetes