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Nathan Goodyear

Cortisol Exerts Bi-Phasic Regulation of Inflammation in Humans - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3186928

cortisol glucocorticoids inflammation hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • GCs induce increased cellular expression of receptors for several pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1 (Spriggs et al. 1990), IL-2 (Wiegers et al. 1995), IL-4 (Paterson et al. 1994), IL-6 (Snyers et al. 1990), and IFN-g (Strickland et al. 1986), as well as GM-CSF
  • GCs have also been shown to stimulate effector cell functions including phagocytosis by monocytes (van der Goes et al. 2000), effector cell proliferative responses (Spriggs et al. 1990), macrophage activation (Sorrells and Sapolsky 2010), and a delay of neutrophil apoptosis
  • a concentration- and time-dependent range of GC effects that are both pro- and anti-inflammatory
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • basal (diurnal) concentrations of cortisol do not exert an anti-inflammatory effect on several pro-and anti-inflammatory mediators of the human immune inflammatory response
  • withdrawal of cortisol activity in vivo did not lead to increased inflammatory responsiveness of immune effector cells
  • maximal suppression of inflammation was achieved by a stress-associated, but still physiologic, cortisol concentration. There was no greater anti-inflammatory effect at higher cortisol concentrations (Yeager et al. 2005) although IL-10 concentrations continued to increase with increasing cortisol concentrations as we and others have shown
  • acutely, physiological cortisol concentrations are anti-inflammatory and, as proposed, act to limit over expression of an inflammatory response that could lead to tissue damage
  • Acutely, cortisol has anti-inflammatory effects following a systemic inflammatory stimulus (Figure 4). However, a cortisol concentration that acts acutely to suppress systemic inflammation also has a delayed effect of augmenting the inflammatory response to subsequent, delayed stimulu
  • 1) GCs can exert pro-inflammatory effects on key inflammatory processes and, 2) GC regulation of inflammation can vary from anti- to a pro-inflammatory in a time-dependent manner
  • The immediate in vivo effect of both stress-induced and pharmacological GC concentrations is to suppress concurrent inflammation and protect the organism from an excessive or prolonged inflammatory response
  • GCs alone, in the absence of an inflammatory stimulus, up-regulate monocyte mRNA and/or receptors for several molecules that participate in pro-inflammatory signaling, as noted above and in the studies presented here.
  • In humans, as shown here, if in vivo GC concentrations are elevated concurrent with an inflammatory stimulus, anti-inflammatory effects are observed
  • In sharp contrast, with a time delay of 12 or more hours between an increased GC concentration and the onset of an inflammatory stimulus, enhancing effects on inflammation are observed. These effects have been shown to persist in humans for up to 6 days
  • GC-induced enhancement of inflammatory responses is maximal at an intermediate concentration, in our studies at a concentration that approximates that observed in vivo following a major systemic inflammatory stimulus
  • In addition to enhanced responses to LPS, recently identified pro-inflammatory effects of GCs also show enhanced localization of effector cells at inflammatory sites
  • we hypothesize that pre-exposure to stress-associated cortisol concentrations “prime” effector cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage for an augmented pro-inflammatory response by; a) inducing preparative changes in key regulators of LPS signal transduction, and b) enhancing localization of inflammatory effector cells at potential sites of injury
  • Nathan Goodyear on 12 Oct 16
     
    very interesting read on the effects of inflammation on cortisol and visa versa.
Nathan Goodyear

Adrenocortical dysregulation as a major player in insulin resistance and onset of obesity - 0 views

ajpendo.physiology.org/...E1465.long

cortisol insulin resistance metabolic syndrome obesity overweight

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • acute GC secretion during stress mobilizes peripheral amino acids from muscle as well as fatty acids and glycerol from peripheral fat stores to provide substrates for glucose synthesis by the liver
  • chronically elevated GC levels alter body fat distribution and increase visceral adiposity as well as metabolic abnormalities in a fashion reminiscent of metabolic syndrome
  • This local production may play an important role in the onset of obesity and insulin resistance.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • In adipocytes, cortisol inhibits lipid mobilization in the presence of insulin, thus leading to triglyceride accumulation and retention.
  • Since the density of GC receptors is higher in intra-abdominal (visceral) fat than in other fat depots, the activity of cortisol leading to accumulation of fat is accentuated in visceral adipose tissue (24, 158), providing a mechanism by which excessive endogenous or exogenous GC lead to abdominal obesity and IR
  • obese patients generally have normal or subnormal plasma cortisol concentrations
  • This may be explained by an increased intratissular/cellular concentration of cortisol in adipose tissues
  • Intracellular GC may be produced from recycling of GC metabolites such as cortisone in adipose tissues
  • Local GC recycling metabolism is mediated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes (11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2
  • Cortisol also increases 11β-HSD1 expression in human adipocytes
  • In humans, elevated 11β-HSD1 expression in visceral adipose tissue is also associated with obesity
  • even if obese patients generally have normal or subnormal plasma cortisol concentrations (131, 158), triglyceride accumulation in visceral adipose tissue may be due, at least in part, to the local production of GC in insulin- and GC-responsive organs such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Mar 12
     
    another nice article on the dysregulation of cortisol and its role in insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and obesity.
Nathan Goodyear

Cortisol, serotonin and depression: all stressed out? - 0 views

bjp.rcpsych.org/...99.full

stress cortisol saliva salivary depression 5-HTP tryptophan

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Jul 12
     
    Some with depression are found to have elevated salivary cortisol and others are not.  Likewise, some with depression have low serotonin and others do not.  The point is that the biochemistry of depression is complex and cortisol, serotonin, 5-HTP, tryptophan all may play a role in an individuals "depression".   One thing not included is the out.  How are these individuals metabolizing their cortisol?  As the author stated, some are hyper secretors of cortisol; why not hyper metabolizers?  Weibe has shown many are.
Nathan Goodyear

Effects of Cortisol on Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism: Studies of Acute Co... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...3553.full

cortisol glucose glucose homeostasis insulin resistance T3

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Apr 13
     
    This study they looked at the withdrawal of cortisol on glucose homeostasis.  The point is that cortisol has profound effects on glucose homeostasis.  Elevated cortisol or exogenous intake reduces T3 and increases insulin resistance.
Nathan Goodyear

Life events are positively associated with luteinizin... [Stress. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24881484

cortisol LH leutenizing hormone stress hormone hormones men male low T Testosterone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jun 14
     
    Elevated Cortisol, life events as this study refers to, is associated with low Testosterone.  The authors found a positive association of cortisol with LH.  The result is elevated cortisol, low Testosterone, increased LH.
Nathan Goodyear

Biology of post-traumatic stress disorder ... [J Neuroendocrinol. 2008] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...18363804

salivary cortisol saliva testing hormone PTSD catecholamines

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Nov 11
     
    appears that PTSD results in divergent catecholamine and cortisol levels as patients age.  The catecholamines (norepinephrine) will elevate and the cortisol will progressive decrease.  Additionally, this is revealed in salivary cortisol testing
Nathan Goodyear

The role of salivary cortisol measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometr... - 0 views

www.eje-online.org/...289.abstract

LC-MS_MS saliva salivary hormone hormones cortisol

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 13
     
    LC-MS/MS shown to be useful in evaluation in people with suspected elevated cortisol levels.  In this study, they found the dexamethasone suppression test was required.  The point however is that cortisol is a valid medium and this was with LC-MS/MS instead of the more commonly used ELIZA technique.
Nathan Goodyear

Changes in cortisol and testostero... [J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2000] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...11034434

anabolic catabolic long endurance training competition T:C testosterone cortisol sports athlete athletics

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 13
     
    long endurance competitive events associated with catabolic hormone balances found in a low T:C ratio.  This occurs primarily through an elevation in cortisol and small drop in Testosterone.  The recovery phase is anabolic through a rise in T:C, primarily through a return to baseline by cortisol and an increase in Testosterone.
Nathan Goodyear

Emerald | Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management | Post-t... - 0 views

www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm

cortisol PTSD saliva salivary testing hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Feb 12
     
    elevated cortisol levels found in moderate/severe PTSD in police officers.  Again, saliva testing was used for cortisol evaluation.
Nathan Goodyear

Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms and Stress Levels in Healthy Young Men: Associations ... - 0 views

www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/...92.short

depression cortisol saliva salivary hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Feb 14
     
    Elevated morning cortisol associated with depression in men. This study looked at saliva for assessment of free cortisol.
Nathan Goodyear

Cortisol Measures Across the Weight Spectrum: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & M... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...JC.2015-2078

cortisol saliva salivary hormones salivary testing saliva testing obesity hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Sep 15
     
    only abstract available.  elevated cortisol associated with the extremes: anorexia and severe obesity.  Mild obesity was associated with low cortisol.
Nathan Goodyear

The morning salivary cortisol response in burnout. [J Psychosom Res. 2005] - PubMed result - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...16186006

cortisol saliva salivary hormone testing stress HPA

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jul 11
     
    cortisol salivary testing.  elevated am cortisol reflective of HPA axis dysfunction due to stress.
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/v24/n2s/pdf/0801281a.pdf?origin=publication_detail - 0 views

www.nature.com/...0801281a.pdf

SHBG IR insulin resistance insulin Estrogen Estradiol obesity hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Mar 15
     
    Elevated insulin levels in men is associated with decreased liver production of SHBG and thus reduced SHBG levels.  Obesity is associated with decreased urinary cortisol in this study.  The authors found the low cortisol also contributed to the low SHBG as well. Low SHBG is associated with puberty, obesity, IR, hypothyroidism, and during androgen therapy.  SHBG is increased as a result of aging, short-term fasting, Estrogen, hyperthyroid, and liver disease.
Nathan Goodyear

The natural history of neuroendocrine change... [Biol Psychiatry. 2007] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...17624319

saliva salivary testing cortisol PTSD catecholamines stress psychiatry

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Nov 11
     
    salivary evaluation of cortisol levels in children after MVA reveals slow normalization of elevated cortisol over time (6-18 months), yet catecholamines stay elevated
Nathan Goodyear

Dose effects of caffeine ingestion... [J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24867603

caffeine sports fitness resistance training cortisol Testosterone male hormone hormones insulin sensitivity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jun 14
     
    high caffeine intake found to be associated with increased Testosterone and cortisol pre and post resistance work out times.  An elevated Testosterone would be good at both points.  However, an elevated cortisol would be catabolic during the recovery phase.  The study also found a decrease in insulin sensitivity with high caffeine intake.  This was improved with moderate and low intake.
Nathan Goodyear

Utility of salivary cortisol measurements in Cushi... [J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009] -... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19602555

saliva salivary cortisol hormone testing

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • Measurement of an elevated late-night (2300 to 2400 h) salivary cortisol has a greater than 90% sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of endogenous Cushing's syndrome
  • It is expected that the use of the measurement of salivary cortisol will become routine in the evaluation of patients with disorders of the HPA axis.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jul 11
     
    Saliva cortisol testing validated again.  Without saying, the author essentially calls it the gold standard
Nathan Goodyear

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis function and the relationship with chronic w... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC1257426

stress HPA adrenal adrenals cortisol saliva salivary pain

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 May 12
     
    Those with chronic pain shown to have HPA dysfunction.  Elevated cortisol was found via saliva evaluation.  This with pain had the higher cortisol levels.
Nathan Goodyear

Hypertension and the cortisol-cortis... [J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...12788832

cortisol: cortisone shuttle cortisol:cortisone cortisol:cortisone shunt cortisol cortisone 11-betaHSD 11beta-HSD2 hypertension blood pressure

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jun 14
     
    Abstract only available.  Cortisol-cortisone shuttle play a role in hypertension.  Those with 11betaHSD type II defects will have elevated blood pressure due to increase in mineralcorticoids.
Nathan Goodyear

Exercise and circulating cortisol levels... [J Endocrinol Invest. 2008] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...18787373

Cortisol exercise hormone hormones ACTH high intensity training low intensity testing

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 14
     
    Study finds moderate and high intensity exercise associated with an elevated ACTH and serum Cortisol.
Nathan Goodyear

Low Cortisol, High DHEA, and High Levels of Stimulated TNFα, and IL-6 in Wome... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2829297

PTSD cortisol DHEA saliva salivary hormone testing evaluation TNF-alpha IL-6

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Feb 12
     
    low cortisol pattern with elevated DHEA found in women with PTSD.  Additionally, elevated levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were found. Hormone evaluation was tested through saliva.
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