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The role of eicosanoids in the brain. Tassoni D, Kaur G, Weisinger RS, Sinclair AJ. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17 Suppl 1:220-8. Review. PMID: 18296342 Liberation of these PUFA from the phosphoglycerides occurs via the action of specific phospholipases (PLA2).

Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, have identified a gene that plays a critical regulatory role in the process of converting dietary carbohydrates to fat. In a new study, they disabled this gene in mice, which consequently had lower levels of body fat than their normal counterparts, despite being fed the equivalent of an all-you-can-eat pasta buffet. The authors of the study, to be published in the March 20 issue of the journal Cell, say the gene, called DNA-PK, could potentially play a role in the prevention of obesity related to the over-consumption of high-carbohydrate foods, such as pasta, rice, soda and sugary snacks..

"As far as I can tell, MK-4 is capable of performing all the functions of vitamin K. MK-4 can even activate blood clotting factors, which is a role traditionally ascribed to vitamin K1. Babies are often born clotting deficient, which is why we give newborns vitamin K1 injections in the U.S. to prevent hemorrhaging. In Japan, they give children MK-4 to prevent hemorrhage, an intervention that is very effective. Could that have to do with the fact that Japan has half the infant mortality rate of the U.S.? Today, I found another difference between MK-4 and MK-7. I was reading a paper about SXR-independent effects of vitamin K2 on gene expression. The investigators found that MK-4 strongly activates transcription of two specific genes in osteoblast cells. Osteoblasts are cells that create bone tissue. The genes are GDF15 and STC2 and they're involved in bone and cartilage formation. They tested K1 and MK-7, and in contrast to MK-4, they did not activate transcription of the genes in the slightest. This shows that MK-4 has effects on gene expression in bone tissue that MK-7 doesn't have. That being said, MK-7 may still have a place in a healthy diet. Just because it can't do everything MK-4 can, doesn't mean it has no role. It may be able to fill in for MK-4 in some functions, or reduce the dietary need for MK-4. But no one really knows at this point. Hunter-gatherers would have had a source of longer menaquinones, including MK-7, from livers. So it's possible that we're adapted to a modest MK-7 intake on top of MK-4. "

Are omega-3 fatty acids options for prevention and treatment of cognitive decline and dementia? Cederholm T, Palmblad J. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20019606 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To report recent data on the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) found in oily fish, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), to prevent and treat cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Observational studies still provide conflicting results, in which the majority indicate beneficial effects on cognition, both when assessed as a continuous variable or as incident dementia, mainly Alzheimer's disease. Experimental studies have demonstrated potentially ameliorating effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA on amyloid fragment formation, signal transduction including upregulation of the apolipoprotein receptor SorLA, as well as on angiogenesis. The role of EPA and DHA metabolites on Alzheimer's disease pathology is under investigation. Recently, three randomized intervention studies, with duration up to 6 months have been reported. In contrast to a small study from Taiwan, no positive overall effects were reported from the Swedish OmegAD Study or from a Dutch study, although post hoc analyses indicate that selected individuals with mild forms of Alzheimer's disease or cognitive decline may respond to treatment. SUMMARY: No firm conclusions can be drawn. Based on epidemiological data, fish including oily fish could be advised as part of a balanced diet for public health purpose, although the evidence for better cognition is only fairly consistent. It is unlikely that n-3 FA will emerge as a treatment option in general for improving cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease. n-3 FA, especially DHA, may turn out as an adjuvant therapy in selected cases. Further long-term intervention studies on individuals with mild cognitive reductions are awaite"

"High blood levels of leptin, a hormone that regulates appetite, may guard against Alzheimer's disease, new research suggests. "Hopefully, in 10 or 15 years this may be one of many agents that we use to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease," said senior study author Dr. Sudha Seshadri, an associate professor of neurology at Boston University School of Medicine. "Or it may be one of many markers that we measure in combination to predict risk." But many more studies of different population groups are needed to determine whether leptin can play such a pivotal role in predicting the risk of Alzheimer's, Seshadri said. The research, which was reported in the Dec. 16 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, was done because "there has been some data relating body weight to the risk of Alzheimer's disease," Seshadri said. "When we looked at animal studies, we found some data to indicate that leptin not only produces a feeling of satiety but also has a beneficial effect on the hippocampus. It was important to see if that was true in humans." The hippocampus is a portion of the brain that plays a role in important aspects of memory."

Coconut oil is one of the few saturated fats that doesn't come from animals, but like other saturated fats can raise cholesterol levels and, therefore, should play only a very limited role, if any, in your diet. In the past, it was widely used in movie popcorn, candy bars and commercial baked goods but was phased out of many of them because of consumer opposition to unhealthy tropical oils. Now coconut oil is being promoted as a weight loss aid; it is also touted in a book by a naturopathic doctor. The rationale goes something like this: as a source of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), coconut oil isn't stored in the body as fat as readily as oils composed of long-chain triglycerides (LCT). Some research from McGill University in Canada suggests that this is true; MCTs also boost metabolism and satiety, and therefore may promote weight loss when they replace LCTs in the diet. Because they are so easily digested, MCTs are given in hospitals to provide nourishment for critically ill people who have trouble digesting fat. The benefits of coconut oil in the diet, if any, are likely to be minimal, and until we have more and better evidence about coconut oil's effect of metabolism and potential role in promoting weight loss, I do not recommend using it.

If you've been following the Track Your Plaque conversation, you know that, contrary to prevailing opinion among many cardiologists, there is an emerging notion that coronary calcification is an active process, a true part of the disease. Vitamin D3 is an important aspect of this question. So is vitamin K2. Not to be confused with K1 that plays a role in blood coagulation, K2 has an important role in calcium metabolism. Thus, vitmain K2 deficiency is related to osteoporosis and to coronary calcification.

"Butyric acid (from Greek βούτυρος = butter), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. Butyric acid is found in rancid butter, parmesan cheese, vomit, and body odor and has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). It can be detected by mammals with good scent detection abilities (such as dogs) at 10 ppb, whereas humans can detect it in concentrations above 10 ppm. Butanoate is produced as end-product of a fermentation process solely performed by obligate anaerobic bacteria. Fermented Kombucha "tea" includes butyric acid as a result of the fermentation. This fermentation pathway was discovered by Louis Pasteur in 1861. The role of butyrate changes depending on its role in cancer or normal cells. This is known as the "butyrate paradox". Butyrate inhibits colonic tumor cells but promotes healthy colonic epithelial cells.[1], but the signaling mechanism is not well understood.[2]. A review suggested that the chemopreventive benefits of butanoate depend in part on amount, time of exposure with respect to the tumorigenic process, and the type of fat in the diet.[5] Low carbohydrate diets like the Atkins diet are known to reduce the amount of butanoate produced in the colon

Calcium:magnesium ratio in local groundwater and incidence of acute myocardial infarction among males in rural Finland. Kousa A, Havulinna AS, Moltchanova E, Taskinen O, Nikkarinen M, Eriksson J, Karvonen M. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 May;114(5):730-4. doi:10.1289/ehp.8438 PMID: 16675428 Results of this study with specific Bayesian statistical analysis support earlier findings of a protective role of Mg and low Ca:Mg ratio against coronary heart disease but do not support the earlier hypothesis of a protective role of Ca

Cancer Prevention and Heart Health Mango Juice have high amounts of pectin, a soluble dietary fiber that efficiently contributes to lower cholesterol levels in the blood. Pectin can also help prevent you from developing prostate cancer. Recently, studies at The Institute for Food Research discovered that a compound within pectin combines with galectin 3 (a protein playing significant role in all the stages of cancer). The European Prospective Investigation of Cancer also has come up with a strong association between eating mango and lowering the risk of cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Diabetes Management and Prevention Further Mango Juice research is still ongoing, but some studies have already revealed that mango Juice are a great natural remedy for diabetes. It was a long-told myth that diabetic patients should avoid Mango Drinks because of its sweet taste; now it is being shown that other than the fruit, the mango leaves are also helpful in curing diabetes. Place 10 or 15 mango leaves in warm water and close it with a lid before going to bed. In the morning, drink the water on an empty stomach after filtering the leaves. Regular practice of this method has shown positive results for diabetic patients in the management of their blood sugar levels. Weight Gain Mango juice consumption is one of the easiest ways to gain weight. 150g of mango has around 86 calories, which can be absorbed easily by the body. Moreover, mangoes contain starch, which transforms into sugar that aids in gaining weight. Some people work hard to put on weight for a variety of reasons, and mango should definitely be a part of their diet. Mango milkshakes will accelerate the process of gaining weight since they also contain milk, and are notoriously delicious! Aids Digestion Mango Juice play a prominent role in eliminating problems such as indigestion and excess acidity. The digestive enzymes in mango juice help to promote natural, efficient digestion. The bioactive ingredie

Cardio Defend™ Only $49/bottle - Limited Time Offer Flat Sale ONLY For Today - Special Offer Save Upto $120 + Special 71% Discount + 180 Day Money Back Guarantee CardioDefend Cardio Defend Rated FDA Approved CardioDefend Rated 5 Star Order TODAY And Save Up To $120! Save Over 71%! Cardio Defend is a dietary supplement that supports a healthy heart naturally. The lifestyle of individuals has evolved drastically, and with this evolution, mankind has seen a rise in individuals suffering from heart-related diseases. It supports healthy blood circulation and reduces blood pressure & the risk of heart disease naturally. Try CardioDefend For Over 71% OFF Today! Regular Price: $147.99/per bottle Only for: $49/per bottle Buy Cardio Defend Proven By Thousands Shannon Curry Mark Angelman Robert S Why Choose Cardio Defend? Made In The USA Made In The USA CardioDefend is manufactured on US soil. Cardio Defend 100% All Natural 100% All Natural All ingredients are pure, natural, and carefully sourced. FDA Approved Facility FDA Approved Facility CardioDefend is manufactured according to the latest standards. CardioDefend Supplement Cardio Defend Facts What is Cardio Defend? Heart disease is one of the top causes of death in the United States, but consumers continue to forgo the nourishment that they need. Even with all of the opportunities to eat better and exercise more, some people still struggle to improve their blood circulation and improve their heart health. Luckily, formulas like Cardio Defend can help a lot. CardioDefend is a dietary supplement that supports a healthy heart naturally. The lifestyle of individuals has evolved drastically, and with this evolution, mankind has seen a rise in individuals suffering from heart-related diseases. Even though exercise and healthy diets may help to reduce the risk of these conditions, they may not be 100% effective. The heart is an extremely important organ and must be taken good care of. CardioDefend naturally supports healt

Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiac arrhythmias: prior studies and recommendations for future research: a report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Office Of Dietary Supplements Omega-3 Fatty Acids and their Role in Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis Workshop.\nLondon B, Albert C, Anderson ME, Giles WR, Van Wagoner DR, Balk E, Billman GE, Chung M, Lands W, Leaf A, McAnulty J, Martens JR, Costello RB, Lathrop DA.\nCirculation. 2007 Sep 4;116(10):e320-35. Review. \nPMID: 17768297

Holick MF. Vitamin D: its role in cancer prevention and treatment. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006 Sep;92(1):49-59. Epub 2006 Mar 10. Review. PMID: 16566961 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Woo TC, Choo R, Jamieson M, Chander S, Vieth R. Pilot study: potential role of vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) in patients with PSA relapse after definitive therapy.Nutr Cancer. 2005;51(1):32-6.PMID: 15749627 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Pilot study: potential role of vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) in patients with PSA relapse after definitive therapy. Woo TC, Choo R, Jamieson M, Chander S, Vieth R. Nutr Cancer. 2005;51(1):32-6. PMID: 15749627

Obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis are alleviated by {omega}-3 fatty acids: a role for resolvins and protectins. González-Périz A, Horrillo R, Ferré N, Gronert K, Dong B, Morán-Salvador E, Titos E, Martínez-Clemente M, López-Parra M, Arroyo V, Clària J. FASEB J. 2009 Feb 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19211925 doi: 10.1096/fj.08-125674

Ultrastructural changes in regressing equine sarcoid tumours--mysterious role of mitochondria. Hallamaa RE. In Vivo. 2008 Jul-Aug;22(4):519-23. PMID: 18712182

Unusually prolonged vitamin D intoxication after discontinuation of vitamin D: possible role of primary hyperparathyroidism. Taskapan H, Vieth R, Oreopoulos DG. Int Urol Nephrol. 2008;40(3):801-5. Epub 2008 Jun 5. PMID: 18528779 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-008-9404-1

Resolvin E2: identification and anti-inflammatory actions: pivotal role of human 5-lipoxygenase in resolvin E series biosynthesis. Tjonahen E, Oh SF, Siegelman J, Elangovan S, Percarpio KB, Hong S, Arita M, Serhan CN. Chem Biol. 2006 Nov;13(11):1193-202. PMID: 17114001 doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.09.011

Resolvins, docosatrienes, and neuroprotectins, novel omega-3-derived mediators, and their aspirin-triggered endogenous epimers: an overview of their protective roles in catabasis. Serhan CN, Gotlinger K, Hong S, Arita M. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2004 Apr;73(3-4):155-72. Review. PMID: 15290791