Group items tagged

phenotypes

My goal is to convince skeptics that a combination of “hard” and “soft” interdisciplinary research is necessary to advance the study of animal emotions.

broadly defined as psychological phenomena that help in behavioral management and control

It is important to extend our research beyond the underlying physiological mechanisms that mask the richness of the emotional lives of many animals and learn more about how emotions serve them as they go about their daily activities

emotions are real and that they are extremely important,

René Descartes

B. F. Skinner

Why then are there competing views on the nature of animal emotions? In part, this is because some people view humans as unique animals, created in the image of God

researchers studying animal behavior came to realize that there was too little in studies of animal emotions and minds that was directly observable, measurable, and verifiable, and chose instead to concentrate on behavior because overt actions could be seen, measured objectively, and verified

Most researchers now believe that emotions are not simply the result of some bodily state that leads to an action

William James and Carl Lange

Walter Cannon's criticisms

drugs producing bodily changes like those accompanying an emotional experience

do not produce the same type of conscious experience of fear

Primary emotions, considered to be basic inborn emotions

Natural selection has resulted in innate reactions that are crucial to individual survival.

are wired into the evolutionary old limbic system (especially the amygdala), the “emotional” part of the brain

substrate

. Each is connected to the other two but each also has its own capacities

current research (LeDoux 1996) indicates that all emotions are not necessarily packaged into a single system, and there may be more than one emotional system in the brain.

Secondary emotions are those that are experienced or felt, evaluated, and reflected on. Secondary emotions involve higher brain centers in the cerebral cortex.

ethologists

cognitive ethologists want to know what it is like to be another animal.

concerns how emotions and cognition are linked

A sense of self in the act of knowing is created,

various brain structures map both the organism and external objects

I am inclined merely to delete it [the mental realm] from biological explanation, because it is an entirely private phenomenon, and biology must deal with the publicly demonstrable.”

abanac postulated that the first mental event to emerge into consciousness was the ability of an individual to experience the sensations of pleasure and displeasure

Examples of animal emotions

Studies of the chemistry of play support the idea that play is enjoyable.

rats enjoy being playfully tickled.

grief in geese

grief and depression in orphan elephants is a real phenomeno

It is unlikely that romantic love (or any emotion) first appeared in humans with no evolutionary precursors in animals

No one discipline will be able to answer all of the important questions that still need to be dealt with in the study of animal emotions

However, research that reduces and minimizes animal behavior and animal emotions to neural firings, muscle movements, and hormonal effects will not likely lead us significantly closer to an understanding of animal emotions.

studies of the behavior of captive animals

Field work also can be problematic. It can be too uncontrolled to allow for reliable conclusions to be drawn.

Emotions are an integral part of human life, so why not for other animals?

in many instances, differences in degree rather than differences in kind.

They consisted of two people sitting opposite each other silently looking at the other person’s eye and the recipient in session was able to have a look at the experiences and emotions and things in their life that they had not fully come to terms with, and that were unconsciously stopping them from being who they wanted to be. It was very emotional.

new pathway

ideas as much as the man that I found attractive.

Klowning was based on the idea that we are not who we think we are.

ble to find out the really human part of us.

here’s a whole language that goes with this group, isn’t there, and processing is one thing that you would go through

charismatic, he did have that capacity to have a group of people in front of him and hold their attention.

nudity has no significance other than what you give it, and if you think that this is in any way inappropriate that’s your dirty mind.

ut of research done by the CIA and the KGB after the Second World War in trying to understand how Hitler was able to persuade a whole population to a particular way of thinking and particular behaviour, and that research got out into the wider community

on Hubbard used a lot of these techniques in his organisation and then a lot of people who had been in Scientology

ocial animals,

emotional right-brain

Hypnotic states are nothing magical but in fact natural hypnotic states occur on a regular basis if we allow them to, about every two hours during the day. There’s a natural down time when our left-brain sort of quietens and our right-brain and our body is able to do a bit of a tune-up of physical processes like blood-pressure and heart-rate and cortisol levels.

dissociative state

driving somewhere

ay-dreamy

ocus their attention

charismatic leader,

behaviour was right or wrong

It’s very interesting studying some of the gurus or the charismatic figures you say you often find that they are often people who have actually started out with very good intentions and just find they have this natural ability to attract people to them, or because they may be good listeners, people feel that they’ve got something to offer

hallucinate. I

en Dyers, was facing 22 charges of sexual assault on two 12-year-old girls

Before they were heard in court he took his own life.

ersonality definitely changed

almost layered by the group norm

staying as connected

learn all they can about the group and continue to just ask questions to try and find our more

But there are some positive things about some groups and it’s likely that some people live happier lives being part of some groups than they would on their own.

groups are often filling desperate needs in people that are not being filled by the way we now live. The way we are now is very isolating, people are often expected to work very long hours, or have very long commutes. More and more families are living apart, so we do not live in a community that is kind to people or respects people. So anybody really is vulnerable, it’s not just, you know, the weak-willed, it’s anybody at a particular time in their life, and particularly if they’re isolated from family and friends.

Some of the factors that are most important in human wellbeing are a sense of connectedness and a sense of control over your life now and in the future. So what often these organisations do is offer a whole list of very simple rules, if you just follow these rules then you’ll feel okay. If you just remove yourself from that world and you just mix with us everything will be okay. So they often offer a sort of a way of getting back some feeling of control.

describe some of the techniques, not necessarily the abuse that may have occurred, and then to help them understand that they were involved in quite a deliberate psychological process.

validate their humanity

what was missing before and helping them create a life now that is healthier and more balanced and does meet all their needs as a human being.

people who grow up in these organisations and really are trapped, and for those that grow up and then start to rebel as teenagers or as young adults and leave, it is very, very difficult because that’s been their reality.

recognition by the courts and by particularly the Family Law Court and we need education of the legal profession and I think the professional organisations, particularly the professional health organisations need to be more pro-active in first of all educating themselves about what these issues are and then making it very clear in their code of ethics of these different professional groups how the codes of ethics dovetail with belief systems.

can become tired, sick, and unable to concentrate or think clearly. Sometimes, they even suffer mental breakdowns.

react by releasing chemi

way of responding to any kind of demand.

cals into the blood.

chemicals

bad thing, if their stress is in response to something emotional and there is no outlet for this extra energy and strength

physical danger

energy and strength

things can cause stress

response to danger

physical

emotional

. When

your body naturally responds with a burst of energy so that you will be better able to survive the dangerous situation (fight) or escape it all together (flight). This is survi

you are afraid

val stress.

worrying about things you can do nothing about or worrying for no reason at all?

one of the

most important kinds of stress to understand and manage.

we can't contro

become addicted to the kind of hurried, tense, lifestyle

feel stress about things that aren't stressful.

response to things around you that cause stress, such as noise, crowding, and pressure from work or family.

caused by working too much or too hard at your job(s), school, or home.

not knowing how to manage your time well

take time out for rest and relaxation

one of the hardest kinds of stress

we as marketers need to understand how we can adapt it to social media and digital technology.

The brain is so fascinating. It has been the focus of science and mystery alike trying to understand how it works including why it seems so wired for storytelling.

One thing we know is that large amounts of data or information with no context cannot be easily remembered;

The human brain can only hold about seven pieces of information for less than 30 seconds, which means, your brain can only handle a 7-digit phone number

omething interesting and relevant needs to happen in a lecture or presentation every 10 minutes so that the audience pays attention and remembers what you say

Hearing information told in the narrative from another person helps to reach the old brain, triggering emotion as we imagine ourselves in the story reacting and feeling.

Repeat to remember

ure data with no context is extremely difficult for the brain to put into long term memory –

thinking about fantasy first prepares us for situations that may come up in real life, narrative provides context.

The ‘old brain’ in humans is driven by basic primitive instincts such as hunger, sex and fight-or-flight are also intrinsically tied to emotion. 

The old brain does not understand numbers or abstract terms, like “integrated approach” or “comprehensive solution” which are an evolutionary part of our new brain

he old brain is influenced by beginnings and endings like in a simple story structure with patterns we can recogniz

It is important to not only recognize the history behind storytelling but explore why it is so prevalent across centuries, cultures and mediums

hearing a story in narrative about a specific situation actually helps us prepare for when this situation potentially happens to us.

share information with each other and will continue no matter what the medium.

We want stories to be memorable so they can easily be shared with others creating word of mouth.

The power of music to affect memory is quite intriguing. Mozart's music and baroque music, with a 60 beats per minute beat pattern, activate the left and right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action maximizes learning and retention of information. The information being studied activates the left brain while the music activates the right brain. Also, activities which engage both sides of the brain at the same time, such as playing an instrument or singing, causes the brain to be more capable of processing information.

strengthen or weaken emotions

certain types of music such as Mozart's Sonata for Two Piano's in D Major before taking a test

releases neurons in the brain which help the body to relax.

average of 119

f 111,

average of 110

Healthy and Not So Healthy Effects

studying the effects of the beat of the music. It was found that slow music could slow the heartbeat and the breathing rate as well as bring down blood pressure. Faster music was found to speed up these same body measurements.

One cannot deny the power of music.

study music have higher grade point averages that those who don't

He seems calm, even normal

his IQ is over 140

The subjects rate whether the picture is a moral violation on a scale of 1 to 5. Kiehl says most psychopaths do not differ from normal subjects in the way they rate the photos: Both psychopaths and the average person rank the KKK with a burning cross as a moral violation. But there's a key difference: Psychopaths' brains behave differently from that of a nonpsychopathic person. When a normal person sees a morally objectionable photo, his limbic system lights up. This is what Kiehl calls the "emotional circuit," involving the orbital cortex above the eyes and the amygdala deep in the brain. But Kiehl says when psychopaths like Dugan see the KKK picture, their emotional circuit does not engage in the same way.

He notes that alcoholics have brain abnormalities. Do we give them a pass if they kill someone while driving drunk?

Neuroscience and neuroimaging is going to change the whole philosophy about how we punish and how we decide who to incapacitate and how we decide how to deal with people

Just like DNA, he believes brain scans will eventually be standard fare. And that, he and others say, could upend our notions of culpability, crime and punishment.

It is found in 15 to 20% of the population

biologists have found it to be in most or all animals

This trait reflects a certain type of survival strategy, being observant before acting.

The brains of highly sensitive persons (HSPs) actually work a little differently than others'.

This is mainly because your brain processes information and reflects on it more deeply.

You are also more easily overwhelmed.

Sensitivity is valued differently in different cultures.

For over 27,000 years

stories has been one of our most fundamental communication methods.

Our brain on stories: How our brains become more active when we tell stories

We all enjoy a good story,

why do we feel so much more engaged when we hear a narrative about events?

we listen to a powerpoint presentation with boring bullet points, a certain part in the brain gets activated.

It's in fact quite simple. I

Broca's area and Wernicke's area

language processing parts in the brain, where we decode words into meaning.

things change dramatically.

how delicious certain foods were, our sensory cortex lights up. If it's about motion, our motor cortex gets active:

but any other area in our brain that we would use when experiencing the events of the story are too.

A story can put your whole brain to work.

can have the same effect on them too.

The brains of the person telling a story and listening to it can synchronize, says Uri Hasson from Princeton:

By simply telling a story, the woman could plant ideas, thoughts and emotions into the listeners' brains."

Evolution has wired our brains for storytelling—how to make use of it

hy does the format of a story, where events unfold one after the other, have such a profound impact on our learning?

We are wired that way.

While we are busy searching for a similar experience in our brains, we activate a part called insula, which helps us relate to that same experience of pain, joy, or disgust.

We think in narratives all day long,

We make up (short) stories in our heads for every action and conversation.

In fact, Jeremy Hsu found [that] "personal stories and gossip make up 65% of our conversations."

henever we hear a story, we want to relate it to one of our existing experiences.

metaphors work so well with us.

story, if broken down into the simplest form, is a connection of cause and effect.

John Bargh

We link up metaphors and literal happenings automatically. Everything in our brain is looking for the cause and effect relationship of something we've previously experienced.

ou mention the same story to him, as if it was your idea?

According to Uri Hasson from Princeton, a story is the only way to activate parts in the brain so that a listener turns the story into their own idea and experience.

tell them a story,

According to Princeton researcher Hasson, storytelling is the only way to plant ideas into other people's minds.

Write more persuasively—bring in stories from yourself or an expert

multitasking is so hard for us.

ask for quotes from the top folks in the industry or simply find great passages they had written online.

The simple story is more successful than the complicated one

easy to convince ourselves that they have to be complex and detailed to be interesting.

the simpler a story, the more likely it will stick.

Using simple language as well as low complexity is the best way to activate the brain regions that make us truly relate to the happenings of a story.

xchanging stories with those of experts.

educe the number of adjectives or complicated nouns in a presentation or article

Our brain learns to ignore certain overused words and phrases that used to make stories awesome.