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alicia waid

Teens who smoke pot at risk for later schizophrenia, psychosis - Harvard Health Publica... - 0 views

www.health.harvard.edu/...phrenia-psychosis-201103071676

schizophrenia marijuana teens smoke pot psychosis harvard health

shared by alicia waid on 06 Apr 13 - No Cached
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      Regular marijuana use increases a teenagers chance to develop psychosis*, and developing schizophrenia*.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      *Psychosis: A temporary state filled with intense anxiety and hallucinations.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      *Schizophrenia: Disabling brain disorder that not only causes psychosis, but also problems concentrating and loss of emotional expression.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      In a study following 2,000 tenns as they start to develop into young adults, it was proven that young people who smoke marijuana at least 5 times were twice as likely to develop psychosis over the next 10 years of their lives compared to those who didn't smoke.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      It was also proven that early marijuana use could increase the speed of the onset of psychosis by three years. (Those most at risk are youths who might have some family member that is dealing with schizophrenia, or any other psychotic disorder). 
  • ...34 more annotations...
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      These people who have family members affected by psychosis have approximately a 1 in 10 chance of developing the same condition themselves (even if they've never smoked pot).  However, if smoking marijuana, this doubles their risk (1 in 5 chance).
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      People who are not affected by psychosis have a 7 in 1,000 chance of developing a mental disorder.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      People who are not affected by psychosis but smoke marijuana double their risk: 14 in 1,000.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      A very popular study (nearly 50,000 young Swedish soldiers were followed for 15 years) showed that those who smoked marijuana at least once were more than twice as likely to develop schizophrenia as those who had never smoked marijuana.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      It was shown that the heaviest users (used more than 50 times) were 6 times more likely to become schizophrenic than the nonsmokers.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      Research on the association of marijuana and the brain is in a very early stage (much is still unknown).  THC* contributes to marijuana's psychological and physical effects.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      *THC: One of the active compounds in marijuana.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      One of the many things that are still unknown is how marijuana might lead to psychosis.  There is a theory that marijuana interferes with brain development during adolescence and young adulthood, but this theory is yet to be determined.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      Although many things are still unknown about the relation between the adolescent brain and marijuana, one this is certain: As a teen, by smoking marijuana, you are increasing your vulnerability to psychotic thinking.
  • risk for later schizophrenia, psychosis
  • regular marijuana use increases the chance that a teenager will develop psychosis
  • increases the risk of developing schizophrenia
  • five times were twice as likely to have developed psychosis over the next 10 years
  • smoked marijuana at least
  • hasten the onset of psychosis by three years
  • already have a mother, father, or sibling with schizophrenia
  • most at risk are youths
  • some other psychotic disorde
  • one in five chance
  • even if they never smoke pot
  • one in 10 chance of developing the condition
  • doubles their risk
  • 7 in 1,000 chance
  • 14 in 1,000.
  • possible link between marijuana use and psychosis
  • smoked marijuana at least once were more than twice as likely to develop schizophrenia as those who had never smoked pot
  • marijuana use might lead to psychosis
  • cigarette smoking and lung cancer
  • marijuana and the brain
  • stimulates the brain and triggers other chemical reactions that contribute to the drug’s psychological and physical effects
  • six times as likely to develop schizophrenia as the nonsmokers
  • not clear
  • theory
  • marijuana may interfere with normal brain development during the teenage years
  • young adulthood.
  • increase a young person’s vulnerability to psychotic thinking
  • reward of a short-time high isn’t worth the long-term risk of psychosis or a disabling disorder like schizophrenia.
alicia waid

Cannabis and mental health - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC1124674

schizophrenia cannabis mental health psychosis studies statistics depression

shared by alicia waid on 06 Apr 13 - No Cached
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      Cannabis is too easy to access (become more and more easy to access, as well).  People are under the influence that smoking cannabis is not bad for you, and that it is, in fact, better than smoking tobacco.  However, this is not the case, as researchers are starting to see that cannabis might actually be causing mental illnesses. 
  • most drug users take other drugs in addition to cannabis create methodological problems and explain the dearth of reliable evidence
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      It is believed that cannabis triggers the onset or relapse of schizophrenia in predisposed people, however this cannot be certain, because many of the people being researched on have taken other drugs, which makes it hard to determine wether the triggers are from the cannabis or from any of the other drugs.
  • ...34 more annotations...
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      During a test (that occurred over 15 years), it was discovered that by smoking marijuana during adolescence, you are increasing your risk of developing schizophrenia.  However, they are not certain that marijuana is the only cause: Other drugs might be a factor too, and a few other concepts. 
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      In addition, research is showing that cannabis also has a relation with depression.  It was studied over a period of 15 years, and results show that by smoking cannabis, you are increasing your risk of developing a major depression.  It was also showed that the use of cannabis also increases the idea of suicide and inability to feel pleasure.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      Although only few studies were talked about in the National institution of Health, they are enough to prove that cannabis increases ones rist of developing schizophrenia AND depression.  The studies also provide very little support to prove that there is also a link between marijuana and mental health problems that are largely due to self medication (harder to prove).  These studies are not trying to say that if you smoke cannabis you will develop schizophrenia or depression, however it is saying that those who are more vulnerable will.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      It is important to note that those who use cannabis must reduce their usage if they want their risk of developing schizophrenia or depression to decrease.  It was estimated that if you were to have reduced your exposure to cannabis, the incidence of psychosis would have reduced treatment by as much as 50% (Dutch study).
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      In a Swedish study, it was proved that the use of cannabis increases your chances of developing schizophrenia by 30%.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      Even more people are anticipating that cannabis will continue to contribute to even more cases of mental illnesses in the future.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      With further analysis, it has been discovered that cannabis is the drug associated with the possibility of developing schizophrenia (and not the impact of other drugs).  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      During another experiment, it was found that 59 people with a basic diagnosis of a psychotic disorder show a strong association with the use of cannabis and psychosis.  It is evident that the longer you've been smoking the drug, the more your symtoms will worsen(there is a higher chance), just like with any other drug.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      In New Zealand, it was discovered that people who smoke marijuana are three times more likely to develop schizophrenia, by the age of 15 or 18.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      An Australian study was also made that shows the more you smoke cannabis, the higher your rates of anxiety or depression might be.  It was proven that this link is more prone to young women than young men, however this was not proved in any other study (except the australian one).  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      It was proven, however, that any young human being that has used cannabis three times or more by the age of 18 is more likely to have some sort of depressive disorder by the age of 26! (And unfortunately, this was proved even to those that stopped smoking cannabis and got themselves under control.  After the first 3 times, it was too late).
  • The link between cannabis and psychosis is well established
  • 1990s
  • link between use of marijuana and depression
  • triggers the onset or relapse of schizophrenia in predisposed people and also exacerbates the symptoms generally
  • use of marijuana during adolescence increased the risk of schizophrenia in a dose-response relation
  • possible causal role of other drugs, and prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia
  • led to the use of cannabis, rather than cannabis triggering the psychosis.
  • is associated with later schizophrenia and that this is not explained by prodromal symptoms
  • cannabis
  • Length of exposure to use of cannabis predicted the severity of the psychosis
  • strong association between use of cannabis and psychosis
  • Participants who showed psychotic symptoms at baseline and used cannabis had a worse outcome
  • used cannabis three times or more by age 15 or 18
  • more likely to have schizophreniform disorder at age 26
  • cannabis increased the risk of major depression
  • increase in suicidal ideation and anhedonia
  • the use of cannabis and anxiety or depression in a large cohort of 14-15 year olds followed for seven years
  • relation between
  • higher rates of anxiety or depression
  • frequency
  • study in the New Zealand
  • did not find an association between cannabis use at age 15 and depressive disorder at age 26
  • that young people who had used cannabis three times or more by age 18 were more likely to have a depressive disorder at age 26
  • importance of reducing the use of cannabis in people who use it
  • findings strengthen the argument that use of cannabis increases the risk of schizophrenia and depression
  • exposure to cannabis would have reduced the incidence of psychosis requiring treatment by as much as 50%
  • showing that the use of cannabis increased the risk of schizophrenia by 30%
  • cannabis will contribute to more episodes or new cases of the illness
Lauren Ganze

The Unexpected Link Between Schizophrenia and Creativity | Suite101.com - 0 views

samantha-thorpe.suite101.com/phrenia-and-creativity-a336538

schizophrenia creativity psychology

shared by Lauren Ganze on 04 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Schizophrenia in itself is a maladaptive phenomenon
  • genes for paranoia encourage a healthy defensiveness in threatening environments
  • just the right degree of social strife to facilitate the splitting of overlarge groups in primitive societies
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • the only substantial research exploring a positive social benefit for psychosis has focused on creativity.
    • Lauren Ganze
      Lauren Ganze on 04 Apr 12
       
      Creativity is definitely an advantage
  • A schizophrenic's abnormal behaviour and communication styles may in fact lead to incredible and unique creativity,
  • general agreement that creativity involves the production of novel, useful products"
  • multi-trait, multi-method analyses
  • produce novel and quality ideas and products.
  • Perhaps some of their executive problems, for example their problems with verbal fluency tests, can actually give rise to creativity?
  • The importance of creativity for mankind is undeniable
  • Nancy Andreasen (2006) and Kay Redfield Jamison (1994) have done, finding high levels of mood disturbance and disorder in their samples of creative writers and artists, supporting this link between psychosis and creativity
  • claims to link genius with madness.
  • DARPP-32
  • Three quarters of all people inherit a version of this gene; it then enhances the brain’s ability to think by improving the information processing in the prefrontal cortex.
  • his gene also shapes and controls the nerve circuit closely involved with schizophrenia, hence the connection between genius and madness.
  • This also suggests that schizophrenia may be the downside to an evolutionary change that improved our chances of survival and our fitness, by improving our intelligence and creativity.
  • He found that first-degree relatives of psychotic patients are found to be more successful in attaining recognition in several fields of intellectual endeavour than the general population of the area in which he studied: Iceland. He also found that the fields in which they attained recognition were areas of creative and scholarly excellence.
  • It could be perhaps that although psychosis can cause enhanced creativity, the patient is too inhibited by their condition to use it to their advantage.
  • over-inclusive thinking, would facilitate originality which, in optimum circumstances, would lead to creativity.
  • Meyer-Lindenberg and colleagues in the NIMH Genes, Cognition and Psychosis program
  • Lauren Ganze on 04 Apr 12
     
    link between schizophrenia and creativity - may be evolutionary
Daryl Bambic

Cannabis & Psychosis: What do we know? - 0 views

cannabisandpsychosis.ca/...what-do-we-know

cannabis psychosis brain psychology adolescent addiction

shared by Daryl Bambic on 26 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Although it is well known that using cannabis can induce temporary psychotic/hallucinatory symptoms this accumulating body of evidence has suggested that there is an association between some youth who use cannabis regularly and enduring psychosis
  • requent cannabis use during adolescence
  • clinically significant increased risk of developing schizophrenia and other mental illnesses which feature psychosis
Erin Waxman

Postpartum Depression | Canadian Mental Health Association - 0 views

www.cmha.ca/...postpartum-depression

#postpartum #help #symptoms #mothers #children

shared by Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • References to postpartum depression date back as far as the 4th century BC. Despite this early awareness, it has not always been recognized as an illness.
  • The sooner the condition is diagnosed, the more effective the treatment.
  • The mother may fear she is losing her mind or fear that others may feel she is unfit to be a mother.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      example: visions of seeing harm done to their baby, or even seeing them do harm to their own child.
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • The “baby blues” is the most minor form of postpartum depression. It usually starts 1 to 3 days after delivery, and is characterized by weeping, irritability, lack of sleep, mood changes and a feeling of vulnerability. These “blues” can last several weeks. It’s estimated that between 50% and 80% of mothers experience them.
  • Women with this condition suffer despondency, tearfulness, feelings of inadequacy, guilt, anxiety, irritability and fatigue.
  • A woman with postpartum depression may regard her child with ambivalence, negativity or disinterest.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      to me this is the most scary thing in the world. To have just given life to a child and to feel such negative feelings towards it when it should be the happiest time in your life.
  • An adverse effect on the bonding between mother and child may result.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      very important and can cause severe damage to the child. The lack of feelings of love and belonging in a child's first years can result in many behavioural and psychological problems in the future.
  • The depression can begin at any time between delivery and 6 months post-birth, and may last up to several months or even a year
  • Postpartum psychosis is a relatively rare disorder. The symptoms include extreme confusion, fatigue, agitation, alterations in mood, feelings of hopelessness and shame, hallucinations and rapid speech or mania. Studies indicate that it affects only one in 1000 births.
  • The exact cause of postpartum depression is not known.
  • One factor may be the changes in hormone levels that occur during pregnancy and immediately after childbirth.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      this is the most common thought cause of the illness
  • There is no one trigger; postpartum depression is believed to result from many complex factors. It is important, however, to communicate to women with postpartum depression that they did not bring it upon themselves.
  • One certain fact is that women who have experienced depression before becoming pregnant are at higher risk for postpartum depression.
  • The risk increases in women who have experienced 2 or more abortions, or women who have a history of obstetric complications.
  • a difficult relationship, lack of a support network, stressful events during the pregnancy or after delivery.
  • Therapy, support networks and medicines such as antidepressants are used to treat postpartum depression.
dunya darwiche

Affective aggression in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy - 0 views

brain.oxfordjournals.org/...234.full

temporal lobe epilepsy brain psychology

shared by dunya darwiche on 08 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • survey of 666 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, Currie and co-workers reported aggression in 7% of the patients
  • ictal, post-ictal and interictal aggression
  • Ictal and post-ictal aggression are often associated with confusion or psychosis
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • seen in the context of an antisocial personality disorde
  • Interictal aggression
  • Episodic dyscontrol is characterized by several discrete episodes of failure to resist aggressive impulses that result in serious assaultive acts or destruction of property
  • emotional arousal typically seen in episodic dyscontrol
  • high level of arousal with signs of anxiety or fear
  • temporal lobe epilepsy is hippocampal sclerosis often in the context of mesial temporal sclerosis
  • elationship between temporolimbic epilepsy and aggressive behaviour
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