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Zach Fenlon

PTSD Symptoms Common Among ICU Survivors - 02/26/2013 - 1 views

  • Condition long linked to war veterans found in one in three ventilated patients
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      Shocking statistic
  • PTSD Symptoms Common Among ICU Survivors
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      Credible source because it comes from a very well known medical facility. 
  • a critical care specialist at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and senior author of the study published online in Psychological Medicine
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      makes the research credible 
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • it may be as common, or more common, in ICU patients as in soldiers
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      I didn't realize not only that this was a possible cause of PTSD but also that it was so highly frequent. 
  • "We need to pay more attention to preventing and treating PTSD in these patients."
  • they often experience flashbacks about delusions or hallucinations they had in the hospital
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      i find this very strange and interesting that their reocurring memories/ nightmares are of figurative events. 
  • being given sedatives and narcotics -- may lead to "memories" of horrible things that didn’t happen
  • "One woman thought her husband and the nurse were plotting to kill her,"
  • For the study, the Johns Hopkins team observed 520 mechanically ventilated patients with ALI,
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      Very thorough research
  • The researchers found that 66 of the 186 patients (35 percent) had clinically significant symptoms of PTSD,
  • Sixty-two percent of the survivors who developed PTSD still had symptoms at their two-year visit.
  • Half of this same group was taking psychiatric medications, and 40 percent had seen a psychiatrist in the two years since being hospitalized with ALI.
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      Even with both types of treatments, many patients were still suffering from PTSD
  • The researchers also found that patients with depression before hospitalization were twice as likely to develop PTSD,
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      Similar statement to my research from Harvard Medical Center. 
  • This inflammation may lead to a breakdown in the blood-brain barrier, which alters the impact on the brain of narcotics, sedatives and other drugs prescribed in the ICU.
  • Bienvenu says patients who have these risk factors need special attention. Simply educating them and their primary care doctors about the increased risk for PTSD would be a step in the right direction, he adds.
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      This is one of the most simple tactics i have read on preventing PTSD
  • he symptoms fall into three categories: reliving the traumatic experience (flashbacks, nightmares), avoidance (feeling numb, detached, staying away from people and places that serve as reminders of the experience), and hyperarousal (being easily startled, having difficulty sleeping, irritability).
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      These are the exact same symptoms that The Harvard Medical Institution describes. 
  • "psychological rehab" now deserves attention.
  • The intervention reduced PTSD symptoms by helping patients make sense of their ICU memories,
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      A proven way to reduce PTSD. Very interesting. 
alicia waid

Cannabis and mental health - 0 views

    • alicia waid
       
      Cannabis is too easy to access (become more and more easy to access, as well).  People are under the influence that smoking cannabis is not bad for you, and that it is, in fact, better than smoking tobacco.  However, this is not the case, as researchers are starting to see that cannabis might actually be causing mental illnesses. 
  • most drug users take other drugs in addition to cannabis create methodological problems and explain the dearth of reliable evidence
    • alicia waid
       
      It is believed that cannabis triggers the onset or relapse of schizophrenia in predisposed people, however this cannot be certain, because many of the people being researched on have taken other drugs, which makes it hard to determine wether the triggers are from the cannabis or from any of the other drugs.
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    • alicia waid
       
      During a test (that occurred over 15 years), it was discovered that by smoking marijuana during adolescence, you are increasing your risk of developing schizophrenia.  However, they are not certain that marijuana is the only cause: Other drugs might be a factor too, and a few other concepts. 
    • alicia waid
       
      In addition, research is showing that cannabis also has a relation with depression.  It was studied over a period of 15 years, and results show that by smoking cannabis, you are increasing your risk of developing a major depression.  It was also showed that the use of cannabis also increases the idea of suicide and inability to feel pleasure.  
    • alicia waid
       
      Although only few studies were talked about in the National institution of Health, they are enough to prove that cannabis increases ones rist of developing schizophrenia AND depression.  The studies also provide very little support to prove that there is also a link between marijuana and mental health problems that are largely due to self medication (harder to prove).  These studies are not trying to say that if you smoke cannabis you will develop schizophrenia or depression, however it is saying that those who are more vulnerable will.  
    • alicia waid
       
      It is important to note that those who use cannabis must reduce their usage if they want their risk of developing schizophrenia or depression to decrease.  It was estimated that if you were to have reduced your exposure to cannabis, the incidence of psychosis would have reduced treatment by as much as 50% (Dutch study).
    • alicia waid
       
      In a Swedish study, it was proved that the use of cannabis increases your chances of developing schizophrenia by 30%.  
    • alicia waid
       
      Even more people are anticipating that cannabis will continue to contribute to even more cases of mental illnesses in the future.
    • alicia waid
       
      With further analysis, it has been discovered that cannabis is the drug associated with the possibility of developing schizophrenia (and not the impact of other drugs).  
    • alicia waid
       
      During another experiment, it was found that 59 people with a basic diagnosis of a psychotic disorder show a strong association with the use of cannabis and psychosis.  It is evident that the longer you've been smoking the drug, the more your symtoms will worsen(there is a higher chance), just like with any other drug.  
    • alicia waid
       
      In New Zealand, it was discovered that people who smoke marijuana are three times more likely to develop schizophrenia, by the age of 15 or 18.  
    • alicia waid
       
      An Australian study was also made that shows the more you smoke cannabis, the higher your rates of anxiety or depression might be.  It was proven that this link is more prone to young women than young men, however this was not proved in any other study (except the australian one).  
    • alicia waid
       
      It was proven, however, that any young human being that has used cannabis three times or more by the age of 18 is more likely to have some sort of depressive disorder by the age of 26! (And unfortunately, this was proved even to those that stopped smoking cannabis and got themselves under control.  After the first 3 times, it was too late).
  • 1990s
  • The link between cannabis and psychosis is well established
  • link between use of marijuana and depression
  • triggers the onset or relapse of schizophrenia in predisposed people and also exacerbates the symptoms generally
  • use of marijuana during adolescence increased the risk of schizophrenia in a dose-response relation
  • possible causal role of other drugs, and prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia
  • led to the use of cannabis, rather than cannabis triggering the psychosis.
  • is associated with later schizophrenia and that this is not explained by prodromal symptoms
  • cannabis
  • relation between
  • strong association between use of cannabis and psychosis
  • Participants who showed psychotic symptoms at baseline and used cannabis had a worse outcome
  • used cannabis three times or more by age 15 or 18
  • more likely to have schizophreniform disorder at age 26
  • cannabis increased the risk of major depression
  • increase in suicidal ideation and anhedonia
  • the use of cannabis and anxiety or depression in a large cohort of 14-15 year olds followed for seven years
  • Length of exposure to use of cannabis predicted the severity of the psychosis
  • higher rates of anxiety or depression
  • frequency
  • study in the New Zealand
  • did not find an association between cannabis use at age 15 and depressive disorder at age 26
  • that young people who had used cannabis three times or more by age 18 were more likely to have a depressive disorder at age 26
  • findings strengthen the argument that use of cannabis increases the risk of schizophrenia and depression
  • importance of reducing the use of cannabis in people who use it
  • exposure to cannabis would have reduced the incidence of psychosis requiring treatment by as much as 50%
  • showing that the use of cannabis increased the risk of schizophrenia by 30%
  • cannabis will contribute to more episodes or new cases of the illness
Raghav Mohan

Stress Symptoms, Signs & Causes: Effects of Stress Overload - 0 views

  •  
    This site clearly states the major facts about STRESS. It's a reliable site because I read into it and it is trust worthy and a non-profit organization that provides us information and it is constantly updated which shows that it is up to date. It helps us understand stress, it's symptoms, and causes.
  • ...1 more comment...
  •  
    what is stress? Stress is a normal physical response to events that make you feel threatened or upset your balance in some way.
  •  
    We respond to stress in a unique way, it almost becomes "normal" to us. When we are overloaded by stress that is where many problems kick in and there is not much we can do about it besides try to control whatever it is that is bothering us and causing this stress
  •  
    Stress signs/symptoms are physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural.
Daryl Bambic

Bipolar Disorder - 3 views

This is a credible site because it is recent and it is a medical website with the proper information on this disorder. It is also filled with tons of valuable information as well as facts to treat ...

brain psychology adolescents mania depression mixed episodes

courtney galli

Schizophrenia: causes, symptoms and treatments - Mental Health A-Z - Douglas Mental Hea... - 0 views

    • courtney galli
       
      Statistic
  • people
  • In Canada, one in every one hundred people is diagnosed with schizophrenia
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • In Canada, one in every one hundred people is diagnosed with schizophrenia
    • courtney galli
       
      Symptoms of schizophrenia 
  • Researchers do not yet know what causes schizophrenia
  • combination of problems, including genetic vulnerability and environmental factors.
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      And the site summary?
  •  
    This site is credible because it is a mental institute with lots of experience with this mental illness.  There are many doctors and researchers who can add/update/correct the information on the site.   
courtney galli

NIMH · Schizophrenia - 0 views

    • courtney galli
       
      Negative symptoms, more commonly found in women
    • courtney galli
       
      Cases in adolescence.  Lots go unrecognized because of symptoms 
    • courtney galli
       
      Biological predisposition can have an effect
  •  
    This is credible because it is a government site.  Government websites usually give correct statistics and tend to not be bias when giving information like this.    This site gives lots of new information that could have been used and lots of information that was already used.
Jenn Orleans

Harvard Study - 0 views

  •  
    This page is from a harvard study, published by the national institute of mental health.  It discusses how ADHD can relate with other mental disorders and also what the symptoms. 
Zach Fenlon

Post-traumatic stress disorder - TheFamily Health Guide - 1 views

  • Post-traumatic stress disorder
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      This link is credible because it is from studies conducted by the well known University Harvard
  • Under the current official definition, PTSD is diagnosed only if you have been exposed to actual or threatened death or serious injury and responded with fear, helplessness, or horror.
  • The point in a person’s life when a trauma occurs may also predict her likelihood of developing the disorder.
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  • some women develop PTSD after a traumatic childbirth.
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      I find this very interesting, i was completely unaware that a milestone this common could lead to PTSD. 
  • PTSD may also occur following a heart attack or diagnosis of cancer.
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      More examples that i never even considered possible. 
  • Avoidance: Avoiding thoughts, feelings, activities, places, and people associated with the trauma. This may result in social withdrawal and becoming numb to positive as well as negative emotions.
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      I did not know this to be a symptom. I wonder how easy it would be to identify. 
  • Symptoms lasting more than three months are considered chronic PTSD
  • Occasionally, someone develops “delayed PTSD” six months later or more, following a reminder of the event.
  • In the June 28, 2004, Archives of Internal Medicine, researchers from the Veterans Administration reported that women with PTSD have more medical conditions and worse physical health than non-traumatized women, even those with depression.
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      At first i only associated PTSD with causing suicide, but i didn't realize that it is also impacted the physical health or it's subjects. 
  • “The amygdala appears to be overreactive in PTSD. We’re currently examining whether it is already overreactive, making someone more vulnerable to PTSD, or becomes that way in response to trauma,”
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      This interests me because from what i understand, perhaps PTSD could be avoided in patients who are already more vulnerable. 
  • the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate cortex, appear not to function as well in those with PTSD.”
  • gradual and repeated exposure can reduce symptoms and help change how you respond to the triggering situations.
  • although not all clinical trials have shown them to work better than placebo.
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      I would like to read more on some of these studies. 
  • adrenaline acts to strengthen memories,
  • testing whether an adrenaline-reducing medication, the hypertension drug propranolol, might help block abnormal memory formation and prevent PTSD.
Erin Waxman

Postpartum Depression | Canadian Mental Health Association - 0 views

  • References to postpartum depression date back as far as the 4th century BC. Despite this early awareness, it has not always been recognized as an illness.
  • The sooner the condition is diagnosed, the more effective the treatment.
  • The mother may fear she is losing her mind or fear that others may feel she is unfit to be a mother.
    • Erin Waxman
       
      example: visions of seeing harm done to their baby, or even seeing them do harm to their own child.
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  • The “baby blues” is the most minor form of postpartum depression. It usually starts 1 to 3 days after delivery, and is characterized by weeping, irritability, lack of sleep, mood changes and a feeling of vulnerability. These “blues” can last several weeks. It’s estimated that between 50% and 80% of mothers experience them.
  • Women with this condition suffer despondency, tearfulness, feelings of inadequacy, guilt, anxiety, irritability and fatigue.
  • A woman with postpartum depression may regard her child with ambivalence, negativity or disinterest.
    • Erin Waxman
       
      to me this is the most scary thing in the world. To have just given life to a child and to feel such negative feelings towards it when it should be the happiest time in your life.
  • An adverse effect on the bonding between mother and child may result.
    • Erin Waxman
       
      very important and can cause severe damage to the child. The lack of feelings of love and belonging in a child's first years can result in many behavioural and psychological problems in the future.
  • The depression can begin at any time between delivery and 6 months post-birth, and may last up to several months or even a year
  • Postpartum psychosis is a relatively rare disorder. The symptoms include extreme confusion, fatigue, agitation, alterations in mood, feelings of hopelessness and shame, hallucinations and rapid speech or mania. Studies indicate that it affects only one in 1000 births.
  • The exact cause of postpartum depression is not known.
  • One factor may be the changes in hormone levels that occur during pregnancy and immediately after childbirth.
    • Erin Waxman
       
      this is the most common thought cause of the illness
  • There is no one trigger; postpartum depression is believed to result from many complex factors. It is important, however, to communicate to women with postpartum depression that they did not bring it upon themselves.
  • One certain fact is that women who have experienced depression before becoming pregnant are at higher risk for postpartum depression.
  • The risk increases in women who have experienced 2 or more abortions, or women who have a history of obstetric complications.
  • a difficult relationship, lack of a support network, stressful events during the pregnancy or after delivery.
  • Therapy, support networks and medicines such as antidepressants are used to treat postpartum depression.
Erin Waxman

How to Help Your Depressed Teen - 0 views

    • Erin Waxman
       
      This connects the to problem of how depression often goes very much unnoticed in teenagers
  • The reality is that it is much more than a sullen mood and bouts of sadness. It is an actual medical condition that can have devastating, permanent effects on a teenager's life.
  • dependent on their parents or other caregivers to provide the medical attention they need, whereas adults are free to go to the doctor on their own.
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    • Erin Waxman
       
      very common as teenagers are known to be moody and hormonal 
    • Erin Waxman
       
      dopamine is a common example of a lacking neurotransmitter in a depressed brain
  • it can be difficult to distinguish between a foul mood and actual depression.
  • Physical examinations are always the first step in screening teens for depression so that other possible causes can be ruled out.
  • Simply prescribing teens an antidepressant is not good enough as a stand-alone treatment.
  • therapy
    • Erin Waxman
       
      talk therapy is one of the leading known successful treatments for depression, aside from medication
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      You have not established site validity.
Julian Pendenza

Gambling Addiction and Problem Gambling: Signs, Help, and Treatment - 0 views

  •  
    This site explains the signs, symptoms, and treatment for a gambling addiction. I know this is a credible site because the authors are given at the bottom of the page with all their credentials. Also its an educational site with no advertisements stating on the top of the page that it is a non-profit source. Also it was last edited in january of 2012 which was recent.  And finally the both publishers are given and they both have a lot of experience in the field of Psychology
Anthony Baloukas

Comfort Zone | Article - 1 views

    • Anthony Baloukas
       
      Definition of a highly sensitive being.
  • As specialists in observing, we are very interested in what is new. We simply tire out sooner because every thing new is so much newer to us! And just because we can process any experience deeply, we are seldom bored, or dull and boring if someone asks our opinion.
    • Anthony Baloukas
       
      Certain characteristics of someone who is highly sensitive.
  • HSPs are extraverts. Social introversion is the desire to spend time with a few close friends rather than liking to have many friends, to meet strangers, or be in a large group. Being sensitive and wanting to reduce stimulation probably causes many people to become introverts at an early age, but the two are not the same thing.
    • Anthony Baloukas
       
      A disadvantage about being sensitive, is that one can want to constantly be alone. They are not very social. 
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  • It is found in equal numbers in boys and girls,
    • Anthony Baloukas
       
      Interesting fact, could be useful.
  • not a "syndrome" or "set of symptoms that impair functioning."
  • So "sensitive" is not another term for neurotic, shy, depressed, or anxious.
  • more emotional,
  • research shows that with good-enough childhoods, we are actually healthier, physically and mentally, than non-HSPs with the same sort of good-enough childhoods.
    • Anthony Baloukas
       
      Childhood has an effect on HSP behaviour. 
  • we are intuitive.
    • Anthony Baloukas
       
      Benefits
  • creative
  • y can be
  • HSPs are very conscientious.
  • Our conscientiousness is somewhat automatic, due to the fact that we think about the consequences of our action or inaction.
  • compassionate and empathic
  • We can read emotional cues. We are very emotional ourselves, so we can imagine well what the other person feels and what would happen inside if this person did not have their needs yet, did not feel understood. We communicate gently because that is how we like communication to be towards us.
    • Anthony Baloukas
       
      Many benefits to being highly sensitive. 
  • we process everything more deeply, sensing its full emotional as well as intellectual consequences. And it's not that we only feel negative emotions more--we also feel more love, joy, pride, awe, and all the other positive emotions.
    • Anthony Baloukas
       
      They are more cautious about their feelings.
  • strong sense of what makes for a pleasant environment.
    • Anthony Baloukas
       
      Intelligent, thought processors. Different brain activity. 
  • This trait is mainly about having an innate preference to process information more deeply, to compare the present situation as completely as possible to your knowledge of similar situations in the past.
courtney galli

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE CULT EXPERIENCE - NYTimes.com - 0 views

  • negative characteristics exhibited by the former cult members studied, said Dr. Clark, are depression, guilt, fear, paranoia, slow speech, rigidity of facial expression and body posture, indifference to physical appearance, passivity and memory impairment.
  • The techniques of many cults fall under the general rubric of brainwashing
  • Dr. Singer, ''cult leaders and their trainers exert a systematic social influence that can produce great behavioral changes.''
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  • 'have taken techniques from the human-potential movement, from the encounter, sensitivitytraining and humanistic-psychology movements, and combined them with cult ideology and persuasive sales methods - and packaged them in various combinations.''
  • nationally is variously estimated at 300,000 to three million.
  • Dr. Singer estimates that there are 2,500 to 3,000 cults in the United States
  • United
  • Dr. Singer estimates that there are 2,500 to 3,000 cults in the United States
  • Whether or not a cult is destructive is determined by the morality of the cult leader and the nature of the leader's charismatic dream,
  • Not all cults are destructive, the researchers said, and many of those who join and remain in cults do so out of a sincere quest for religious connection.
  • Dr. Cath defined a cult as a group of people joined together by a common ideological system fostered by a charismatic leader
    • courtney galli
       
      Temporal lobe epilepsy is a form of focal epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures.
  • ''the expectation is that they can transcend the imperfections and finitude of life.''
  • ''Often they set up a we-they philosophy: We have the truth and you do not.
  • ''Under the force of the conversion experience, people disappeared from their families and changed, sometimes after only a few days.''
  • More are male than female.
  • involves a vulnerable person
  • ''Cult recruiters frequent bus stations, airports, campuses, libraries, rallies, anywhere that unattached persons are likely to be passing through,''
  • Dr. Cath defined a cult as a group of people joined together by a common ideological system fostered by a charismatic leader
  • The symptoms of temporal lobe epilepsy,'' said Dr. Clark, ''are similar to those seen or reported as resulting from cult conversions: increased irritability, loss of libido or altered sexual interest; ritualism, compulsive attention to detail, mystical states, humorlessness and sobriety, heightened paranoia.''
  • Dr. Cath said: ''Keeping devotees constantly fatigued, deprived of sensory input and suffering protein deprivation, working extremely long hours in street solicitation or in cult-owned businesses, engaging in monotonous chanting and rhythmical singing, may induce psychophysiological changes in the brain. The rhythmical movement of the body can lead to altered states of consciousness, and changes in the pressure or vibration pattern of the brain may affect the temporal lobe.''
  • ''cult-conversion syndrome'' represents an overload of the brain's ability to process information.
Daryl Bambic

Take The ACE Quiz - And Learn What It Does And Doesn't Mean : Shots - Health News : NPR - 0 views

  • Remember this, too: ACE scores don't tally the positive experiences in early life that can help build resilience and protect a child from the effects of trauma. Having a grandparent who loves you, a teacher who understands and believes in you, or a trusted friend you can confide in may mitigate the long-term effects of early trauma, psychologists say
  • Resilience, he says, builds throughout life, and close relationships are key
  • nightmares
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  • recurring thoughts
  • re-enact the trauma
  • distracted or withdrawn.
  • ometimes misdiagnosed as symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,
  • difficulty in regulating emotions and behavior,"
  • secure attachments with caring adults.
Camil Darwiche

Depression fact sheet-CAMH - 0 views

  •  
    This is a credible source because it is a website for an addiction and mental health centre. It is unbiased and factual. This website has a contact us page and is affiliated with the university of Toronto
Catherine Delisle

The Childhood Psychopath: Bad Seed or Bad Parents? by Katherine Ramsland - Bad Seed: Th... - 2 views

    • Catherine Delisle
       
      This website is very interesting because it is a detailed article on the origins of psychopathy. The author of this article, Katherine Ramsland, obviously believes that bad parents are the source for psychopathy because she often brings up real stories where psychopathic children had bad environments and she talks about theories such as the attatchement theory, which states the importance of the bond between parents and children. She hardly talks about the role of the brain in psychopathy. Ramsland often talks about the symptoms of psychopathic children and the interventions that need to be done in order for this behaviour to stop.
  •  
    Did you use Sweet Search to find this article? The source seems questionable..."trutv"`?
  •  
    I used Sweet Search for all my sources. Would you like me to find another source?
Alex Weinstein

Parkinson's Disease Stages, Symptoms, Causes, and Prognosis by MedicineNet.com - 0 views

  • Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and the most common movement disorder.
  • loss of muscle contro
  • live long productive lives
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • disabled much more quickly.
  • Most individuals who develop Parkinson's disease are 60 years of age or older
  • early-onset Parkinson's disease (onset between 21-40 years)
  • uvenile-onset Parkinson's disease (onset before age 21)
  •  
    This website has everything question i wanted to be answered and more.I learnt a lot from this site. Its very useful for my psychology project, and it really catches the importance of Parkinson's.
Catherine Delisle

Schizophrenia History, Causes, Medication, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Research ... - 0 views

    • Catherine Delisle
       
      This website is very useful for my project because it explains the basics of schizophrenia: What is schizophrenia, what are the causes, is it hereditary, how is schizophrenia diagnosed, etc. This website is also very credible because it is a 'medicine net' article and there are real doctors posting things up on this website.
Daryl Bambic

Cannabis & Psychosis: What do we know? - 0 views

  • Although it is well known that using cannabis can induce temporary psychotic/hallucinatory symptoms this accumulating body of evidence has suggested that there is an association between some youth who use cannabis regularly and enduring psychosis
  • requent cannabis use during adolescence
  • clinically significant increased risk of developing schizophrenia and other mental illnesses which feature psychosis
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