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Nathan Goodyear

Exercise-induced right ventricular dysfunction and structural remodelling in endurance ... - 0 views

eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/...998

endurance athletes training heart health injury

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • In a cohort of well-trained athletes, we demonstrated that intense endurance exercise causes an acute reduction in RV function that increases with race duration and correlates with increases in biomarkers of myocardial injury
  • no relationship between LV function and biomarker levels
  • focal gadolinium enhancement and increased RV remodelling were more prevalent in those athletes with a longer history of competitive sport, suggesting that repetitive ultra-endurance exercise may lead to more extensive RV change and possible myocardial fibrosis
  • ...22 more annotations...
  • he cardiac impact of both acute and cumulative exercise is greatest on the RV.
  • Greater reductions in RV function occurred in those athletes competing for a longer duration, suggesting that the heart has a finite capacity to maintain the increased work demands of exercise
  • cardiac injury is greatest in the least trained
  • Previous investigators have documented reductions in RV function in less trained subjects over the marathon distance
  • We enrolled elite and subelite athletes and found a significant association between fitness (VO2max) and the reduction in post-race RVEF
  • Even after many years of detraining, cardiac dilation may not completely regress in elite athletes
  • The focus on well-trained athletes may be of particular relevance, given that they perform exercise of highest intensity and duration most frequently, and, thus, may be at a greater risk of cumulative injury.
  • The lack of correlation between increases in troponin and changes in LV function seen in this study has been previously interpreted as evidence that post-exercise elevations in cardiac biomarkers are benign.
  • a significant correlation between changes in RVEF and post-race biomarker levels and this relationship was even stronger in the athletes who completed the race of longest duration, the ultra-triathlon
  • The correlations with RVEF, but not LVEF, provide further evidence of the differential effects of intense exercise on RV and LV function
  • BNP release during intense exercise is associated with greater relative increases in RV systolic pressures, but not LV pressures
  • BNP may provide a measure of both acute RV load and the resultant fatigue which occurs when this load is sustained
  • It has been demonstrated that ventricular load increases with exercise intensity and is greater for the RV than the LV,29 thus potentially explaining why the RV is more susceptible to fatigue after prolonged exercise.
  • This study demonstrates, for the first time, an association between endurance exercise of increasing duration and structural, functional, and biochemical markers of cardiac dysfunction in highly trained athletes
  • Functional abnormalities were confined to the RV and were largely reversible 1 week following the event
  • there remained a significant minority of athletes in whom there was evidence of myocardial fibrosis in the interventricular septum
  • RV abnormalities may be acquired through cumulative bouts of intense exercise and provides direction for prospective investigations aimed at elucidating whether extreme exercise may promote arrhythmias in some athletes.
  • the acute injury and chronic remodelling of the myocardium both disproportionately affect the RV and it remains possible that the two are linked.
  • focal DGE was confined to the interventricular septum and commonly at the site of RV attachment
  • emerging evidence that intense endurance exercise may be associated with an excess in arrhythmic disorders, the mechanisms for which remain unexplained
  • RVEF (and not LVEF) was reduced in athletes with complex ventricular arrhythmias when compared with healthy athletes and non-athletes without arrhythmias
  • it is premature to conclude that these changes may represent a proarrhythmic substrate
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 15
     
    Study finds endurance racing results in reduce Right ventricle ejection fraction even in elite athletes.  This post-race RVEF reduction is associated with VO2max.
Nathan Goodyear

Intravenous Fluid Use in Athletes - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3435915

IV intravenous fluid nutrition athletes athlete sports medicine sports exercise

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Treatment of exercise-associated hyponatremia with hypertonic IV infusion to correct plasma sodium levels is also a standard and accepted use of IV fluid infusions
  • athletes who present for medical care with hypernatremia who cannot tolerate oral fluids can benefit from IV fluids
  • Vaporization of sweat accounts for 80% of heat loss in hot, dry atmospheric conditions. This mechanism of water loss is the major contributor for exercise-associated dehydration
  • ...30 more annotations...
  • The rate of water loss can be quantified through measurement of sweat rate
  • Pre- and postexercise body weight measurements are the most common means to estimate overall water loss but are condition specific
  • It appears that 1% to 2% body weight loss is well tolerated by the exercising athlete
  • Dehydration, defined as greater than 2% loss of body weight, can negatively affect performance
  • In highly trained endurance athletes, plasma volume and sodium serum concentration were preserved despite a 5% body weight loss
  • In Ironman triathletes, dehydration to 5% body weight loss did not correlate with occurrence of medical complications
  • hydration should begin hours prior to exercise, especially if known deficits are present, and fluids should be consumed at a slow, steady rate, with 5 to 7 mL/kg taken 4 hours prior to exercise
  • Sodium concentration did not produce significant changes in the rate of absorption but was primarily dependent on carbohydrate concentration
  • Replacing 150% of body weight loss over 60 minutes has been tolerated without complications
  • IV treatment of severe dehydration (>7% body weight loss), exertional heat illness, nausea, emesis, or diarrhea, and in those who cannot ingest oral fluids for other reasons, is clinically indicated
  • A recent survey of the National Football League teams revealed that 75% (24 of 32) of the teams utilized IV infusion of fluids for prehydration in at least some otherwise healthy individuals
  • In the National Football League, an average of 1.5 L of normal saline was administered approximately 2.5 hours prior to competition
  • after 2 hours of exercise, the rectal temperature was 0.6° higher in the group not receiving IV infusion. Also, stroke volume and cardiac output were 11% to 16% lower in the control group versus the IV infusion group.
  • Recent evidence suggests the etiology of EAMC is related to muscle fatigue and neuronal excitability
  • no correlation between hydration status or electrolyte concentrations with EAMC
  • there may be a subset of muscle cramping that is associated with a loss of both body fluid and sodium
  • Glycerol is the primary agent for oral hyperhydration
  • elevation of plasma volume by 200 to 300 mL via dextran infusion resulted in 15% increase in stroke volume, 4% increase in VO2 max, and an increase in the exercise time to fatigue
  • Neither the tonicity nor mode of hydration resulted in improved speed of rehydration, greater fluid retention, or improved performance
  • There are beneficial anecdotal reports of EAMC treatment in elite and professional-level athletes with IV hydration during the course of an event
  • Plasma volume was better restored during rehydration with IV fluids at preexercise and 5 minutes of exercise. At 15 minutes, there was no difference between IV and oral rehydration
  • More rapid restoration of plasma volume was accomplished in the IV treatment group with no advantages over oral rehydration in physiological strain, heat tolerance, ratings of perceived effort, or thermal sensations
  • No difference was found in exercise time to exhaustion. IV and oral rehydration methods were equally effective. Heart rates were statistically higher in the oral rehydration group through 75 minutes of exercise, and there were higher increases in norepinephrine plasma concentrations
  • No significant differences between the groups were found for time to recovery, number of days with pain, number of days with stiffness, sleep disturbance, fatigue, rectal temperature, and loss of appetite
  • The current data suggest that IV rehydration is faster than oral
  • There may be physiological benefits of decreased heart rate and norepinephrine in athletes rehydrated via IV route
  • Postexercise blood 1 hour and 24 hours showed no differences in circulating myoglobin or creatine kinase
  • The use of IV fluid may be beneficial for a subset of fluid sensitive athletes
  • this should be reserved for high-level athletes with strong histories of symptoms in well-monitored settings.
  • Volume expanders may also be beneficial for some athletes
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 15
     
    to be read
Nathan Goodyear

Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3445088

EAMC exercise associated muscle cramps athletes muscle cramps

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • athletes who develop EAMC often ingest similar amounts of fluid during exercise as do their noncramping counterparts
  • Oral fluid ingestion may be ineffective, and intravenous fluid may provide a faster delivery for athletes suffering from acute EAMC
  • It is interesting that stretching the affected muscle almost immediately relieves EAMC
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Stretching, the primary treatment for acute EAMC
  • National Athletic Trainers’ Association recommends that athletes prone to muscle cramping add 0.3 to 0.7 g/L of salt to their drinks to stave off muscle cramps
  • Others have recommended adding higher amounts of sodium (about 3.0 to 6.0 g/L) to sports drinks based on the frequency of EAMC
  • intravenous infusion of fluids removes this delay, and it has been used to aid athletes who develop acute EAMC
  • maintaining hydration and adequate electrolyte levels is a good prevention strategy for individuals susceptible to EAMC
  • Fluid volumes of 1.8 L per hour have been well tolerated by tennis athletes who are susceptible to EAMC
  • Monitoring an athlete’s body weight is an easy method of ensuring adequate fluid replacement and individualizes each athlete’s fluid needs
  • the National Athletic Trainers’ Association and the American College of Sports Medicine recommend a volume of fluid that allows for less than a 2% body weight reduction
  • Endurance training may also serve as an effective means of preventing EAMC by expanding plasma volume and the extracellular fluid compartment15 and delaying neuromuscular fatigue
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15
     
    Exercise associated muscle cramps or EAMC is not worked out.  The theories include dehydration, mineral/electrolyte deficiencies, and neuromuscular activity.
Nathan Goodyear

Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation improves endothelial function and maximal oxygen up... - 0 views

www.tandfonline.com/...17461391.2014.949310

fish oil omega 3 omega-3 n-3 cycling athletes NO endurance sports endurance athletes endurance exercise

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jul 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jul 16
     
    supplementation of 2.6 grams of n-3 found to increase NO and VO2max in elite cycling athletes.  This has applications for all endurance athletes.  
Nathan Goodyear

Metabolic characteristics of keto-adapted ultra-endurance runners - Metabolism - Clinic... - 0 views

www.metabolismjournal.com/...fulltext

ketogenic diet carbohydrates fats endurance athletes endurance exercise endurance sports exercise

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 16
     
    full study of previous abstract: low carb and high fat diet found to maintain muscle glycogen equal to high carb diet in endurance athletes.  Endurance athletes have high fat oxidation and this probably only applies to these endurance athletes; I would suspect this high fat oxidation would not be found in other short interval sports i.e. sprinting, football....
Nathan Goodyear

Concerns About Serum Androgens Monitoring During Testosterone Replacement Treatments in... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...abstract

testosterone therapy total athletes athletics serum

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Feb 12
     
    total testosterone serum levels are inadequate to monitor men on testosterone therapy in athletes and non-athletes.
Nathan Goodyear

Fluid Balance During and After an Ironman Triathlon - ResearchGate - 0 views

www.researchgate.net/...and_After_an_Ironman_Triathlon

ironman triathlon endurance athletes athletes athlete endurance IV fluids

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15
     
    ultra distance triathlon athletes lost 2.5 kg weight during event.  Athletes that developed hyponatremia appeared to be fluid overloaded during event.
Nathan Goodyear

ScienceDirect.com - Nutrition - Vitamin C status and perception of effort during exerci... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0899900712000809

vitamin C vitamin C fatigue athlete athletic performance heart rate obesity overweight exercise

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 12 Jul 12
     
    A very small study, but vitamin C shown to reduce fatigue, perception of fatigue and reduced heart rate.  This has implications in improving athletic performance.  The question, what does high dose vitamin C due for fatigue, heart rate, and athletic performance.
Nathan Goodyear

Intravenous Fluid Use in Athletes - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3435915

IV nutrition intravenous fluids exercise sports medicine sports athlete athletes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • The current data suggest that IV rehydration is faster than oral
  • There may be physiological benefits of decreased heart rate and norepinephrine in athletes rehydrated via IV route
  • Muscle damage during exercise in the heat was assessed by myoglobin and creatine kinase
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Postexercise blood 1 hour and 24 hours showed no differences in circulating myoglobin or creatine kinase
  • IV administration of fluids can rapidly replace plasma volume
  • The rapid increase in plasma volume is transient, and no measureable difference between IV and oral prehydration exists after 15 minutes of exercise
  • The use of IV fluid may be beneficial for a subset of fluid sensitive athletes
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 15
     
    IV nutrition pre-event, intra-event, and post-event for recovery.
Nathan Goodyear

Metabolic characteristics of keto-adapted ultra-endurance runners - Metabolism - Clinic... - 0 views

www.metabolismjournal.com/...abstract

endurance athletes endurance sports exercise carbohydrates ketogenic diet

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 16
     
    For endurance athletes, low carb and high fat diet utilizes the high fat oxidation in these athletes compared to a high carb diet.  Glycogen stores did not differ between the two groups.  
Nathan Goodyear

The human metabolic response to chronic ketosis without caloric restriction: preservati... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...6865776

ketogenic diet endurance athletes endurance exercise endurance sports exercise

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Apr 16
     
    ketogenic diet found to not deplete muscle glycogen in endurance athletes.  The metabolism of the endurance athletes can do this via the high fat oxidation--estimates of 80%.
Nathan Goodyear

Exercise and Testosterone - 0 views

www.sast.org.tw/...FI1112060008_aO.pdf

testosterone training athletic performance athlete athletic muscle

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Jun 12
     
    type and length of training effects testosterone secretion. Testosterone plays an important role in muscle performance and mass. Prolonged training can result in a decrease in testosterone level. This has significance with highly trained athletes. One pitfall of this study was the assessment of testosterone via serum.
Nathan Goodyear

Fatigue and underperformance in athletes: the overtraining syndrome - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC1756078

OTS over training syndrome athletics athlete

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Mar 11
     
    Over training syndrome: reason for athlete underperformance
Nathan Goodyear

The effect of strength training on performance in endurance athletes. - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24532151

strength training endurance athletes athletes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jan 15
     
    strength training improved performance of endurance athletes.  This study is a meta-analysis.
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1332190/pdf/brjsmed00019-0063.pdf - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...brjsmed00019-0063.pdf

endurance exercise endurance exercise endurance athletes athlete athletes marathon IV fluids intravenous

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 15
     
    study finds IV hydration with glucose and larger volume did not recover as well as those with 100 ml  of IV fluids.  This conclusion is incomplete as the time differences between the 2 groups was significant--group 2 (2.5 L fluid group) finished much faster and studies have shown that these endurance athletes are more prone to dehydration, more significant weight loss, adverse effects from the event.  This likely explains the difference between the 2 groups.
Nathan Goodyear

Behaviour of saliva cortisol [C], testost... [Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...12783234

saliva salivary hormone hormones testosterone cortisol T:C athlete athletic competition recovery

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 13
     
    salivary hormone evaluation reveals cortisol increases during athletic  competition due primarily to a increase in salivary cortisol production.  The result is a decrease in T:C ratio during competition.  In the recovery phase, cortisol decreases to baseline, but the testosterone rises above baseline, thus increasing the T:C ratio in the recovery phase.  This lasted up to 5 days in this study.
Nathan Goodyear

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes: Progressive Tauopathy following Repetitiv... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2945234

CTE chronic traumatic encephalopathy athletes concussion TBI head injury

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Apr 12
     
    discussion of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.  Good discussion of the neuropathological findings in 3 athletes.
Nathan Goodyear

ScienceDirect - Clinical Biochemistry : Measurement of morning saliva cortisol in athletes - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0009912009000976

saliva salivary cortisol adrenal stress BHRT testing test evaluation athletes measurement

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Nov 11
     
    morning saliva cortisol shown to be "highly significant correlation" with serum cortisol in athletes.
Nathan Goodyear

A Low Carbohydrate-Protein Supplement Improves Endurance Per... : The Journal of Streng... - 0 views

journals.lww.com/...ein_Supplement_Improves.1.aspx

athletic endurance athlete

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 May 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 May 11
     
    protein:low carb supplement improves athletic endurance over that of 6% carb alone
Nathan Goodyear

The nutriceutical bovine colostrum truncates the increase in gut permeability caused by... - 0 views

ajpgi.physiology.org/...G477.abstract

athletes colostrum exercise leaky gut

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 May 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 May 11
     
    colostrum improves gut permeability, and may improve performance and prevent injuries in athletes
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