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Nathan Goodyear

Radioimmunoassay and Tandem Mass Spectrometry Measurement of Bedtime Salivary Cortisol ... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...3102.full

LC-MS_MS mass spectroscopy cortisol saliva salivary Cushing's syndrome disease obesity cortison

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Sep 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Sep 12
     
    LC-MS/MS shown to be reliable in salivary cortisol evaluation.  Obese individuals create special challenges with regards to coritsol levels, due to peripheral cortisol to cortisone conversion.   This study points out that saliva should not be used solely in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome due to unreferenced norms.   That however, doesn't nullify salivary cortisol.  It requires a look at the references.  for those that are obese and being evaluated for cushing's.  There is no perfect test.  T This study is a little misleading in its conclusion.  Salivary testing is valid, but the reference ranges in the obese with suspected cushing's syndrome needs further evaluation: according to these authors.
Nathan Goodyear

Obesity - The Obesity Pandemic: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going? - 0 views

www.nature.com/...oby2004273a.html

obesity pandemic inflammation inflammatory overweight weight-loss

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Dec 11
     
    nice study on contributors to the obesity epidemic.  Particularly inflammation.  This article touches on the idea that fat acts as a hormone producing organ.  Minus some of the treatment strategies, surgery and prescription drugs, this is a good article.   This article also touches on the implications of the obesity Pandemic as they state.
Nathan Goodyear

Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I and th... [Horm Res. 2001] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...11786677

HGH growth hormone GH insulin resistance cortisol cortisone obesity adipose tissue adipocytes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • GH deficiency effectively increases cortisol production in key target tissues including liver and adipose tissue, promoting insulin resistance and visceral adiposity
  • GH/IGF-I modulation of cortisol metabolism may underpin the pathogenesis of common diseases such as central obesity
  • Patients with central obesity but with no evidence of hypopituitarism have relative GH deficiency and it is exciting to speculate that low-dose GH treatment in this group, by inhibiting cortisol generation within omental fat, may offer a novel therapeutic approach.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Mar 12
     
    GH plays a key regulating role in obesity.  GH deficiency promotes increased cortisone to cortisol production in adipose tissue and liver.  This promotes insulin resistance and obesity. 
Nathan Goodyear

Products - Health E Stats - Overweight, Obesity, and Extreme Obesity Among Adults 2007-... - 0 views

www.cdc.gov/...obesity_adult_07_08.htm

obesity overweight extreme obese obese trends

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 May 12
     
    scary statistics of the prevalence and the trends of obesity in the US.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone and glucose metabolism in men: current concepts and controversies - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...R37.full

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14 - No Cached
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
       
      80% of E2 production in men, that will cause low T in men, comes from SQ adiposity.  This leads to increase in visceral adiposity.
  • Only 5% of men with type 2 diabetes have elevated LH levels (Dhindsa et al. 2004, 2011). This is consistent with recent findings that the inhibition of the gonadal axis predominantly takes place in the hypothalamus, especially with more severe obesity
  • Metabolic factors, such as leptin, insulin (via deficiency or resistance) and ghrelin are believed to act at the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus to inhibit gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) secretion
  • ...32 more annotations...
  • kisspeptin has emerged as one of the most potent secretagogues of GNRH release
  • Consistent with the hypothesis that obesity-mediated inhibition of kisspeptin signalling contributes to the suppression of the HPT axis, infusion of a bioactive kisspeptin fragment has been recently shown to robustly increase LH pulsatility, LH levels and circulating testosterone in hypotestosteronaemic men with type 2 diabetes
  • Figure 4
  • Interestingly, a recent 16-week study of experimentally induced hypogonadism in healthy men with graded testosterone add-back either with or without concomitant aromatase inhibitor treatment has in fact suggested that low oestradiol (but not low testosterone) may be responsible for the hypogonadism-associated increase in total body and intra-abdominal fat mass
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
       
      This does not fit with the research on receptors, specifically estrogen receptors.  These studies that the authors are referencing are looking at "circulating" levels, not tissue levels.
  • A smaller study with a similar experimental design found that acute testosterone withdrawal reduced insulin sensitivity independent of body weight, whereas oestradiol withdrawal had no effects
  • Obesity and dysglycaemia and associated comorbidities such as obstructive sleep apnoea (Hoyos et al. 2012b) are important contributors to the suppression of the HPT axis
  • This is supported by observational studies showing that weight gain and development of diabetes accelerate the age-related decline in testosterone
  • Weight loss can reactivate the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis
  • The hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis remains responsive to treatment with aromatase inhibitors or selective oestrogen receptor modulators in obese men
  • Kisspeptin treatment increases LH secretion, pulse frequency and circulating testosterone levels in hypotestosteronaemic men with type 2 diabetes
  • Several observational and randomised studies reviewed in Grossmann (2011) have shown that weight loss, whether by diet or surgery, leads to substantial increases in testosterone, especially in morbidly obese men
  • This suggests that weight loss can lead to genuine reactivation of the gonadal axis by reversal of obesity-associated hypothalamic suppression
  • There is pre-clinical and observational evidence that chronic hyperglycaemia can inhibit the HPT axis
  • in those men in whom glycaemic control worsened, testosterone decreased
  • successful weight loss combined with optimisation of glycaemic control may be sufficient to normalise circulating testosterone levels in the majority of such men
  • weight loss, optimisation of diabetic control and assiduous care of comorbidities should remain the first-line approach.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
       
      This obviously goes against marketing-based medicine
  • In part, the discrepant results may be due to the fact men in the Vigen cohort (Vigen et al. 2013) had a higher burden of comorbidities. Given that one (Basaria et al. 2010), but not all (Srinivas-Shankar et al. 2010), RCTs in men with a similarly high burden of comorbidities reported an increase in cardiovascular events in men randomised to testosterone treatment (see section on Testosterone therapy: potential risks below) (Basaria et al. 2010), testosterone should be used with caution in frail men with multiple comorbidities
  • The retrospective, non-randomised and non-blinded design of these studies (Shores et al. 2012, Muraleedharan et al. 2013, Vigen et al. 2013) leaves open the possibility for residual confounding and multiple other sources of bias. These have been elegantly summarised by Wu (2012).
  • Effects of testosterone therapy on body composition were metabolically favourable with modest decreases in fat mass and increases in lean body mass
  • This suggests that testosterone has limited effects on glucose metabolism in relatively healthy men with only mildly reduced testosterone.
  • it is conceivable that testosterone treatment may have more significant effects on glucose metabolism in uncontrolled diabetes, akin to what has generally been shown for conventional anti-diabetic medications.
  • the evidence from controlled studies show that testosterone therapy consistently reduces fat mass and increases lean body mass, but inconsistently decreases insulin resistance.
  • Interestingly, testosterone therapy does not consistently improve glucose metabolism despite a reduction in fat mass and an increase in lean mass
  • the majority of RCTs (recently reviewed in Ng Tang Fui et al. (2013a)) showed that testosterone therapy does not reduce visceral fat
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
       
      visceral and abdominal adiposity are biologically different and thus the risks associated with the two are different.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
       
      yet low T is associated with an increase in visceral adiposity--confusing!
  • testosterone therapy decreases SHBG
  • testosterone is inversely associated with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride (Tg) levels, but positively associated with HDL cholesterol levels, even if adjusted for confounders
  • Although observational studies show a consistent association of low testosterone with adverse lipid profiles, whether testosterone therapy exerts beneficial effects on lipid profiles is less clear
  • Whereas testosterone-induced decreases in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and Lpa are expected to reduce cardiovascular risk, testosterone also decreases the levels of the cardio-protective HDL cholesterol. Therefore, the net effect of testosterone therapy on cardiovascular risk remains uncertain.
  • data have not shown evidence that testosterone causes prostate cancer, or that it makes subclinical prostate cancer grow
  • compared with otherwise healthy young men with organic androgen deficiency, there may be increased risks in older, obese men because of comorbidities and of decreased testosterone clearance
  • recent evidence that fat accumulation may be oestradiol-, rather than testosterone-dependent
Nathan Goodyear

JAMA Network | JAMA Pediatrics | Prevalence and Trends in Obesity and Severe Obesity Am... - 0 views

archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx

obesity children

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Apr 14
     
    Trends tell a lot more than individual values.  IN the battle against obesity, trends tell a sad story.  Obesity rates are increasing in our children. Up to 17.2% in children.  The numbers in the severe category fared the worse.
Nathan Goodyear

Inflammatory and Cardiometabolic Risk on Obesity: Role of Environmental Xenoestrogens: ... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jc.2014-4136

xenoestrogen xenoestrogens obesity cardiovascular disease inflammation women obese hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 May 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 May 15
     
    Study finds heavy presence of xenoestrogens in obese Portuguese women, both pre menopause and post menopause.  This study only looked at obese women; it would be nice to have a control of thin women to contrast the plasma and adipose xenoestrogen levels.  The authors found the presence of xenoestrogens in plasma in pre menopause women to be a 10 year predictor of cardiovascular disease risk in these women.  The authors also found increased Xenoestrogen levels to be associated with metabolic dysfunction and inflammation.
Nathan Goodyear

A strong association between biologically active testosterone and leptin in non-obese m... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...0801467a.html

leptin Testosterone hormone hormones obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • strongly supports an association between levels of androgens and leptin in both men and women
  • The association between androgen levels and leptin seems to be dependent of fat distribution in men
  • There is a growing bulk of evidence suggesting that testosterone may influence leptin levels. Testosterone administration reduces leptin levels in hypogonadal27,28 and eugonadal men
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • testosterone suppression by GnRH agonist treatment of central precocious puberty in boys increases leptin levels
  • Testosterone levels decreased with increasing central obesity in healthy men, while they increase with increasing obesity in healthy women, the latter irrespective of menstrual status
  • this could be due to obesity-related hyperleptinemia that inhibits testosterone secretion at the testicular level.46,47 These changes, which are proposed to be components of the insulin resistance syndrome,48 are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease in both men and women
  • in the more obese subjects, the higher leptin levels due to increased adiposity might reduce secretion of testosterone
  • loss of regulation of leptin by testosterone in obese men and women could be an important feature of the insulin resistance syndrome
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Oct 14
     
    Leptin and Testosterone.  Interesting relationship that differs between the sexes.
Nathan Goodyear

ScienceDirect - Trends in Immunology : Inflammation: the link between insulin resistanc... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/science

inflammation obesity insulin resistance diabetes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Inflammation: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes
  • Chronic overnutrition (obesity) might thus be a proinflammatory state with oxidative stress. Secondly, the increased concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6, associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, might interfere with insulin action by suppressing insulin signal transduction. This might interfere with the anti-inflammatory effect of insulin, which in turn might promote inflammation.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Mar 11
     
    Inflammation: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes
Nathan Goodyear

Future diets: Obesity is on the rise globally | Visual.ly - 0 views

visual.ly/re-diets-obesity-rise-globally

obesity overweight

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jan 14
     
    The world gets fatter.  Stats on the growing obesity numbers world wide.  According to this international publication, 1/3 of the world's population is either overweight or obese.
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.biomed.cas.cz/physiolres/pdf/prepress/932627.pdf - 0 views

www.biomed.cas.cz/...932627.pdf

resistance training exercise resistance Testosterone cortisol men obese obesity hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Sep 14
     
    good discussion of the effects of resistance training on Testosterone and cortisol in obese men.  The literature is more more clear on the effects of resistance training on healthy men, but the evidence in obese men is less clear--likely due to the disrupted metabolism.
Nathan Goodyear

Adult Obesity in the United States: The State of Obesity - 0 views

stateofobesity.org/adult-obesity

Obesity rates obese

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Nov 14
     
    startling obesity trends that don't show much sign of leveling off.
Nathan Goodyear

Lowered testosterone in male obesity: mechanisms, morbidity and management - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3955331

obesity men male hormone hormones low T low Testosterone Obese T Testosterone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 15
     
    great review of obesity, low Testosterone, and implications in therapy.  The relationship between obesity and low T is bi-modal and this has implications in T therapy.
Nathan Goodyear

Pituitary-adrenocortical function in abdominal obesity of males: ev... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...8809194

obesity obese 21-hydroxylase adrenal cortisol hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Oct 14
     
    Obesity associated with decreased adrenal 21alpha-hydroxylase activity.  The result is decreased cortisol production in obese individuals.  
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone level in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and related metabolic... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4364844

low T low Testosterone Diabetes Testosterone men male hormones metabolic syndrome

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • defined by consistent symptoms and signs of androgen deficiency, and an unequivocally low serum testosterone level
  • the threshold serum testosterone level below which adverse clinical outcomes occur in the general population is not known
  • most population-based studies use the serum testosterone level corresponding to the lower limit, quoted from 8.7 to 12.7 nmol/L, of the normal range for young Caucasian men as the threshold
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 31 Mar 15
       
      this equals 251 to 366 in serum Total Testosterone
  • ...57 more annotations...
  • Researchers tried to examine whether serum total or free testosterone would be a better/more reliable choice when studying the effect of testosterone. The results were mixed. Some reported significant associations of both serum total and free testosterone level with clinical parameters25, whereas others reported that only serum free testosterone26 or only serum total testosterone6 showed significant associations.
  • −0.124 nmol/L/year in serum total testosterone
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 31 Mar 15
       
      this equates to a 4 ng/dl decline annually in total Testosterone.
  • In experimental studies, androgen receptor knockout mice developed significant insulin resistance rapidly
  • In mouse models, testosterone promoted differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to the myogenic lineage
  • testosterone decreased insulin resistance by enhancing catecholamine induced lipolysis in vitro, and reducing lipoprotein lipase activity and triglyceride uptake in human abdominal tissue in vivo
  • by promoting lipolysis and myogenesis, testosterone might lead to improved insulin resistance
  • testosterone regulated skeletal muscle genes involved in glucose metabolism that led to decreased systemic insulin resistance
  • In the liver, hepatic androgen receptor signaling inhibited development of insulin resistance in mice
  • independent and inverse association of testosterone with hepatic steatosis shown in a cross-sectional study carried out in humans
  • In short, androgen improves insulin resistance by changing body composition and reducing body fat.
  • Although a low serum testosterone level could contribute to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes through changes in body composition, obesity might also alter the metabolism of testosterone
  • In obese men, the peripheral conversion from testosterone to estrogen could attenuate the amplitude of luteinizing hormone pulses and centrally inhibit testosterone production
  • leptin, an adipokine, has been shown to be inversely correlated with serum testosterone level in men
  • Leydig cells expressed leptin receptors and leptin has been shown to inhibit testosterone secretion, suggesting a role of obesity and leptin in the pathogenesis of low testosterone
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 31 Mar 15
       
      So what is "unequivocal"?
  • Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) cohort made up of 3,565 middle-class, mostly Caucasian men from the USA, the incidence of low serum total testosterone increased from approximately 20% of men aged over 60 years, 30% over 70 years, to 50% over 80 years-of-age
  • 30–44% sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)-bound testosterone and 54–68% albumin-bound testosterone
  • As the binding of testosterone to albumin is non-specific and therefore not tight, the sum of free and albumin-bound testosterone is named bioavailable testosterone, which reflects the hormone available at the cellular level
  • Serum total testosterone is composed of 0.5–3.0% of free testosterone unbound to plasma proteins
  • alterations in SHBG concentration might affect total serum testosterone level without altering free or bioavailable testosterone
  • listed in Table​T
  • A significant, independent and longitudinal effect of age on testosterone has been observed with an average change of −0.124 nmol/L/year in serum total testosterone28. The same trend has been shown in Europe and Australia
  • Asian men residing in HK and Japan, but not those living in the USA, had 20% higher serum total testosterone than in Caucasians living in the USA, as shown in a large multinational observational prospective cohort of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study
  • subjects with chronic diseases consistently had a 10–15% lower level compared with age-matched healthy subjects
  • In Caucasians, the mean serum total testosterone level for men in large epidemiological studies has been reported to range from 15.1 to 16.6 nmol/L
  • Asians, higher values, ranging from 18.1 to 19.1 nmol/L, were seen in Korea and Japan
  • Chinese middle-aged men reported a similar mean serum testosterone level of 17.1 nmol/L in 179 men who had a family history of type 2 diabetes and 17.8 nmol/L in 128 men who had no family history of type 2 diabetes
  • The reduction of total testosterone was 0.4% per year in both groups
  • HK involving a cohort of 1,489 community-dwelling men with a mean age of 72 years, a mean serum total testosterone of 19.0 nmol/L was reported
  • pro-inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α in the testes, could locally inhibit testosterone biosynthesis in Leydig cells47, and testosterone treatment in men was shown to reduce the level of tumor necrosis factor-α
  • In Asians, a genetic deletion polymorphism of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase UGT2B17 was associated with reduced androgen glucuronidation. This resulted in higher level of active androgen in Asians as compared to Caucasians, as Caucasians' androgen would be glucuronidated into inactive forms faster.
  • Compared with Caucasians, the frequency of this deletion polymorphism of UGT2B17 was 22-fold higher in Asian subjects
  • Other researchers have suggested that environmental, but not genetic, factors influenced serum total testosterone
  • The basal and ligand-induced activity of the AR is inversely associated with the length of the CAG repeat chain
  • In the European Male Aging Study, increased estrogen/androgen ratio in association with longer AR CAG repeat was observed
  • a smaller number of AR CAG repeat had been shown to be associated with benign prostate hypertrophy and faster prostate growth during testosterone treatment
  • In India, men with CAG ≤19 had increased risk of prostate cancer
  • the odds of having a short CAG repeat (≤17) were substantially higher in patients with lymph node-positive prostate cancer than in those with lymph node-negative disease or in the general population
  • assessing the polymorphism at the AR level could be a potential tool towards individualized assessment and treatment of hypogonadism.
  • In elderly men, there was reduced testicular response to gonadotropins with suppressed and altered pulsatility of the hypothalamic pulse generator
  • a significant, independent and longitudinal effect of age on serum total testosterone level had been observed
  • A significant graded inverse association between serum testosterone level and insulin levels independent of age has also been reported in Caucasian men
  • Low testosterone is commonly associated with a high prevalence of MES
  • most studies showed that changes in serum testosterone level led to changes in body composition, insulin resistance and the presence of MES, the reverse might also be possible
  • MES predicted a 2.6-fold increased risk of development of low serum testosterone level independent of age, smoking and other potential confounders
  • Other prospective studies have shown that development of MES accelerated the age-related decline in serum testosterone level
  • In men with type 2 diabetes, changes in serum testosterone level over time correlated inversely with changes in insulin resistance
  • weight loss by either diet control or bariatric surgery led to a substantial increase in total testosterone, especially in morbidly obese men, and the rise in serum testosterone level was proportional to the amount of weight lost
  • To date, published clinical trials are small, of short duration and often used pharmacological, not physiological, doses of testosterone
  • In the population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study cohort from Sweden, men in the highest quartile of serum testosterone level had the lowest risk of cardiovascular events compared with men in the other three quartiles (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70
  • low serum total testosterone was associated with a significant fourfold higher risk of cardiovascular events when comparing men from the lowest testosterone tertile with those in the highest tertile
  • Shores et al. were the first to report that low serum testosterone level, including both serum total and free testosterone, was associated with increased mortality
  • low serum total testosterone predicted increased risk of cardiovascular mortality with a HR of 1.38
  • low serum total testosterone increased all-cause (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.13–1.62, P < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.25
  • European Association for the Study of Diabetes 2013 suggested there was an inverse relationship between serum testosterone level and acute myocardial infarction
  • Diabetic men in the highest quartile of serum total testosterone had a significantly reduced risk of acute MI when compared with those in the lower quartiles
  • serum total testosterone level in the middle two quartiles at baseline predicted reduced incidence of death compared with having the highest and lowest levels
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Mar 15
     
    Nice review of Testosterone levels and some of the evidence linking Diabetes with low T.  However, the conclusion by the authors regarding what is causing the low T in men with Diabetes is baffling.  The literature does not point to one cause, it is clearly multifactorial--obesity, inflammation, high aromatase activity...I would suggest the authors continue their readings in the manner.
Nathan Goodyear

IL-1 family in breast cancer: Potential interplay with leptin and other adipocytokines ... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0014579308010211

obesity Adiponectin IL-6 adipocytes Leptin inflammation cancer IL-1

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Jan 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Jan 21
     
    Obesity is biologically active, both from a hormonal and inflammatory perspective. No matter what marketing may try to say, obesity is not a "new health". Inflammatory signaling, i.e. IL-1, IL-6... are increased from the biological adipocytes in obesity. These can lead to cancer development and progression.
Nathan Goodyear

Inflammation as a Link between Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome - 0 views

www.hindawi.com/...476380

inflammation obesity metabolic syndrome metabolic syndrome disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Jan 13
     
    inflammation shown to play a critical role in disease.  Here obesity causes inflammation, but obesity is the result of inflammation.  This then leads to metabolic syndrome, through which disease starts.
Nathan Goodyear

An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest : Abstr... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...nature05414.html

gut bacteria dysbiosis microbiota balance obesity overweight metabolic endotoxemia

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 13
     
    gut bacteria balance associated with obesity.  The balance of ones gut bacteria plays a significant role in whether a high fat,western diet leads to obesity or not.
Nathan Goodyear

Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fa... - 0 views

diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/...1470.full.pdf

dysbiosis obesity endotoxemia diabetes gut metabolic endotoxemia

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 13
     
    This article discusses how an imbalance gut bacteria balance leads to endotoxemia and resultant obesity and diabetes. So, the balance of gut bacteria plays a role in obesity. Really changes ones view of how the body interacts and how disease develops through dysfunction.
Nathan Goodyear

Divergent trends in obesity and fat intake patterns... [Am J Med. 1997] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...9217594

obesity trends fat intake low fat diet' low fat diet

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 May 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 May 13
     
    Fat intake is inversely associated with the obesity trend.  During, the 80's, a low fat diet was all the craze.  However, the obesity trend increased with the incorporation of the the low fat diet in America.
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