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Vitamin D has key impact in performance of soldiers.  low vitamin D has been shown to be associated with increased risk for muscle/bone injury, weakness, and poor healing.  Low vitamin D has been associated with low Testosterone.  Low vitamin D has also been associated with poor cognition, depression and less than optimal recovery after TBI.  This follows recent publication that normalization of vitamin D levels increases Testosterone levels.  

Another ill conceived conclusion by the authors.  IF you are going to study something, know everything about it.  They authors make a major statement about vitamin D, yet they seem to understand a basic understanding of vitamin dosing.  The authors stated that dosing 2,000 IU of vitamin D in those with levels < 50 provided no benefit.  That is of course correct, because 2,000 IU daily won't hold any levels stable, let alone increase levels to 70-80 where they need to be.  The authors of this study are stuck in the traditional RDC thinking here. What is interesting is that low vitamin D was associated with CVD, MS, dyslipidemia, inflammation, glucose dysmetabolism, infections, mood disorders, decline in cognition, impaired physical functioning, and all-cause mortality,  But, vitamin D supplementation is only good for bones.  The authors of this study make a mockery of medicine.

Good review of data on vitamin D, Vitamin D receptors and cancer risk.  Studies have shown that low Vitamin D levels are associated with increased cancer risk and that higher vitamin D levels are associated with reduced cancer risk.  The ability to fully map out vitamin Ds role in the physiology is probably difficult due to the heterogeneity of cancer development and physiology.

Study of 713 Chinese men finds a correlation between low vitamin D and low total Testosterone.

low Testosterone is associated with increased CVD and mortality.  Add in low Vitamin D and you have lethal combination for men.  Low vitamin D and low T are a dangerous combination for men for CVD and all cause mortality.  

Low vitamin D levels or the receptors for vitamin D appear to result in an increase in Th17 cells.  An increase in Th17 cells will lead to an imbalance with Treg cells and this imbalance is associated with Lupus and other autoimmune processes.  Vitamin D inhibits Th17 cell activation.

Dose dependent vitamin D impact on fat.  Low vitamin D concentrations associated with fat adipogenesis.  Higher vitamin D concentrations inhibited adipogenesis.

A large body of evidence exists to associate low vitamin D with cardiovascular disease.  However, this review finds no causal relationship.  Is vitamin D an indicator of poor health?  Or is it the cause of poor health.  Yet to be determined.  Is vitamin D safe? Yes.

vitamin D in those with vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance have improved insulin sensitivity.  The doses used in the case studies presented are low.  This article highlights the fact that vitamin D outperforms metformin in improved insulin sensitivity.

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) was found to increase male Testosterone production in cell culture model.  This fits with other data that low vitamin D and low T often go hand in hand.  This study actually shows improved D levels increase Testicular Testosterone production, though in cell culture.

low vitamin D associated with poor outcomes in hematologic cancers. This chapter reviews several studies that highlight the link with low vitamin D and poor outcomes in AML patients.

low vitamin D associated with breast cancer recurrence and mortality.

High dose vitamin D (10,400 IU) found to reduce IL-17, CD161 and effector memory cells; in contrast low dose vitamin D (800 IU)  did not.  The study also called into question the traditional target range of vitamin D.  The authors here proposed 40-60

Nice study from a few years ago found that a low dose vitamin D3 (1200 IU) significantly reduced the relative risk of the flu in school age children.  Also of note, a significant reduction in asthma attacks in those children with asthma were significantly reduced in the vitamin D3 treated group.  One interesting thing about this study was that they did not check prior or during the study if vitamin D deficiency was even present.  This study was conducted in Japan

Low vitamin D plays a role in immune response associated with Graves disease.  This study found small impact, but impact nonetheless.

European study showed that vitamin D replacement in those with low vitamin D levels, had benefits of lowered blood pressure.

Vitamin D support provides benefit in those with Lupus.  The proposed mechanism is through the balance of Treg cells and Th17 cells.  This imbalance plays a role in the etiology of autoimmune disease and those with autoimmune disease, such as in Lupus, frequently have low vitamin D levels.

vitamin D plus calcium in those with Diabetes and low vitamin D four to improve insulin resistance, HDL, LDL, beta cell function, and HgbA1c.  This was a short course study of 8 weeks.  Only abstract available.

Vitamin D again implicated in cancer.  This time prostate cancer.  Study found that vitamin D regulates the expression of GDF-15 which inhibits NF-kappaB.  Low vitamin D leads to decreased GDF-15 expression which leads to increased NF-kappaB transcription and resultant inflammation.