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Nathan Goodyear

PLoS ONE: Obesity, the Endocannabinoid System, and Bias Arising from Pharmaceutical Spo... - 0 views

www.plosone.org/...journal.pone.0005092

endocannabinoid-mediated Bias pharmaceutical obesity overweight weight-loss

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 12
     
    good review of endocannabinoid system. More importantly, this article reveals the Bias present in the pharmaceutical arena, as it relates to their drug research.
Nathan Goodyear

The Endocannabinoid System and Sex Steroid Hormone-Dependent Cancers - 0 views

www.hindawi.com/...259676

CBD endocannabinoid cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Feb 19 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Feb 19
     
    Endocannabinoids and cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Figure 2 : Targeting gut microbiota in obesity: effects of prebiotics and pro... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...nrendo.2011.126_F2.html

gut obesity probiotics metabolic endotoxemia LPS inflammation PPAR-gamma microbiota endocannabinoid system

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Jan 12
     
    nice diagram of proposed mechanism of how diet and gut microbiota can influence the production of PPAR-gamma inducing growth of adipose tissue.  Also proposes how LPS and the endocannabinoid system contributed to a leaky gut and thus the proposed "metabolic endotoxemia"
Nathan Goodyear

Anticancer mechanisms of cannabinoids - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4791144

THC cannabinoids cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Sep 18 - No Cached
  • modulating key cell signalling pathways involved in the control of cancer cell proliferation and survival
  • cannabinoids inhibit angiogenesis and decrease metastasis in various tumour types in laboratory animals
  • Cannabis sativa L. (marijuana)
  • ...41 more annotations...
  • of the approximately 108 cannabinoids produced by C. sativa, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) is the most relevant because of its high potency and abundance in plant preparations
  • Tetrahydrocannabinol exerts a wide variety of biologic effects by mimicking endogenous substances—the endocannabinoids anandamide3 and 2-arachidonoylglycerol4,5—that engage specific cell-surface cannabinoid receptors
  • the cb2 receptor was initially described to be present in the immune system6, but was more recently shown to also be expressed in cells from other origins
  • transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V, member 1
  • orphan G protein–coupled receptor 55
  • Most of the effects produced by cannabinoids in the nervous system and in non-neural tissues rely on cb1 receptor activation
  • two major cannabinoid-specific receptors—cb1 and cb2
  • cardiovascular tone, energy metabolism, immunity, and reproduction
  • cannabinoids are well known to exert palliative effects in cancer patients
  • best-established use is the inhibition of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
  • thc and other cannabinoids exhibit antitumour effects in a wide array of animal models of cancer
  • cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands are both generally upregulated in tumour tissue compared with non-tumour tissue
  • cb2 promotes her2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) pro-oncogenic signalling in breast cancer
  • pharmacologic activation of cannabinoid receptors decreases tumour growth
  • endocannabinoid signalling can also have a tumour-suppressive role
  • pharmacologic stimulation of cb receptors is, in most cases, antitumourigenic. Nonetheless, a few reports have proposed a tumour-promoting effect of cannabinoids
  • most prevalent effect is the induction of cancer cell death by apoptosis and the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation
  • impair tumour angiogenesis and block invasion and metastasis
  • thc and other cannabinoids induce the apoptotic death of glioma cells by cb1- and cb2-dependent stimulation
  • Autophagy is primarily a cytoprotective mechanism, although its activation can also lead to cell death
  • autophagy is important for cannabinoid antineoplastic activity
  • autophagy is upstream of apoptosis in the mechanism of cannabinoid-induced cell death
  • the effect of cannabinoids in hormone- dependent tumours might rely, at least in part, on the ability to interfere with the activation of growth factor receptors
  • glioma cells), pharmacologic blockade of either cb1 or cb2 prevents cannabinoid-induced cell death with similar efficacy
  • other types of cancer cells (pancreatic48, breast24, or hepatic43 carcinoma cells, for example), antagonists of cb2 but not of cb1 inhibit cannabinoid antitumour actions
  • thc promotes cancer cell death in a cb1- or cb2-dependent manner (or both) at lower concentrations
  • cannabidiol (cbd), a phytocannabinoid with a low affinity for cannabinoid receptors15, and other marijuana-derived cannabinoids57 have also been proposed to promote the apoptotic death of cancer cells acting independently of the cb1 and cb2 receptors
  • In cancer cells, cannabinoids block the activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) pathway, an inducer of angiogenesi
  • In vascular endothelial cells, cannabinoid receptor activation inhibits proliferation and migration, and induces apoptosis
  • cb1 or cb2 receptor agonists (or both) reduce the formation of distant tumour masses in animal models of both induced and spontaneous metastasis, and inhibit adhesion, migration, and invasiveness of glioma64, breast65,66, lung67,68, and cervical68 cancer cells in culture
  • the ceramide/p8–regulated pathway plays a general role in the antitumour activity of cannabinoids targeting cb1 and cb2
  • cbd, by acting independently of the cb1 and cb2 receptors, produces a remarkable anti-tumour effect—including reduction of invasiveness and metastasis
  • cannabinoids can also enhance immune system–mediated tumour surveillance in some contexts
  • ability of thc to reduce inflammation75,76, an effect that might prevent certain types of cancer
  • recent observations suggest that the combined administration of cannabinoids with other anticancer drugs acts synergistically to reduce tumour growth
  • combined administration of gemcitabine (the benchmark agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer) and various cannabinoid agonists synergistically reduced the viability of pancreatic cancer cells
  • Other reports indicated that anandamide and HU-210 might also enhance the anticancer activity of paclitaxel89 and 5-fluorouracil90 respectively
  • Combined administration of thc and cbd enhances the anticancer activity of thc and reduces the dose of thc needed to induce its tumour growth-inhibiting activity
  • Preclinical animal models have yielded data indicating that systemic (oral or intraperitoneal) administration of cannabinoids effectively decreases tumour growth
  • Combinations of cannabinoids with classical chemotherapeutic drugs such as the alkylating agent temozolomide (the benchmark agent for the management of glioblastoma80,84) have been shown to produce a strong anticancer action in animal models
  • pharmacologic inhibition of egfr, erk83, or akt enhances the cell-death-promoting action of thc in glioma cultures (unpublished observations by the authors), which suggests that targeting egfr and the akt and erk pathways could enhance the antitumour effect of cannabinoids
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Sep 18
     
    Good review of the anticancer effects of cananbinoids.
Nathan Goodyear

The endocabbinoid system and the treatment of obesity - 0 views

diabesity.eu/annals.pdf

endocannabinoid endocannabinoid-mediated adiponectin obesity overweight weight-loss CB1

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 12
     
    nice review of CB1 receptors and the role they play in obesity. Endocabbinoid receptors play an important role in the hypothalamus control of metabolism and energy. CB1 is active both centrally and peripherally. Increased CB1 activity increases fat storage; decrease CB1 activity increases fatty acid oxidation through adiponectin.
Nathan Goodyear

Targeting gut microbiota in obesity: effects of prebiotics and probiotics : Article : N... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...nrendo.2011.126.html

LPS lipopolysaccharides gut microbiota dysbiosis inflammation obesity metabolic endotoxemia health probiotics

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • gut microbes have a role in the host's metabolic homeostasis
  • lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
  • Associations between circulating LPS level, consumption of a high-fat diet and the presence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been confirmed in humans
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • associations have been proposed between high-fat diet, metabolic endotoxemia and levels of inflammatory markers (TLRs and SOCS3) in mononuclear cells
  • A link between energy intake (high-fat diet) and metabolic endotoxemia has also been described
  • high-fat diet induces metabolic endotoxemia in healthy individuals.
  • metabolic endotoxemia is associated with systemic and adipose tissue inflammation in pregnant women with obesity
  • A growing amount of evidence indicates that changes in the integrity of the intestinal barrier occur both in the proximal and the distal part of the gut, which can contribute to the entrance of LPS into the systemic circulation
  • intestinal endocannabinoid system
  • The low-grade systemic inflammation that characterizes the obese phenotype is controlled by peptides that are produced in the gut. These peptides are influenced by the presence or absence of the gut microbiota
  • these findings suggest that the gut microbiota modulates the biological systems that regulate the availability of nutrients, energy storage, fat mass development and inflammation in the host, which are all components of the obese phenotype
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Jan 12
     
    good look of how the the gut health, or lack there of, can influence energy homeostasis and contribute to obesity.  This article points to the presence of LPS playing a role in metabolic endotoxemia.  It does discuss the importance of the microbiota and their possible role in the low-grade systemic inflammation condition that is obesity.
Nathan Goodyear

Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3883513

Nausea CBD THC "medical marijuana" Chemotherapy

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Jan 19 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Jan 19
     
    Great read on the use of CBD, THC in nausea/vomiting. Data in humans is lacking and most of the data is related to prescription drugs.
Nathan Goodyear

Insights into the effects of the endocannabinoid system in cancer: a review - PMC - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC6003657

tumors cannabidiol cancer CBD2 CBD1 pharmacokinetics CBD cannabis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Nov 23 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Nov 23
     
    the expression of CBD1 and CBD2 are altered in in many tumors, i.e., the tumor burden for some cancer will reflect an increase in CBD receptor expression.
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