Group items tagged

In infant fecal microbiota, we observed Bifidobacterium as the dominant group

this observation is strongly related to diet, being enhanced by breast feeding

Significant higher numbers of Bifidobacterium were observed in infants versus adults and seniors

the gastrointestinal tract is first colonized by facultative anaerobes, such as E. coli

Strict anaerobes, such as Clostridium, colonize at later stages, as can be seen by the relatively low levels of C. leptum and C. coccoides in infants

diet change must be considered among the primary causes for such a shift of microbiota between infants and adults.

In the case of elderly subjects, our qPCR results indicated a significant increase in the counts of E. coli when compared to adults. This data is consistent with other publications indicating that elderly subjects harbor a different E. coli microbiota profile compared to younger adults

a number of authors reported a reduction in the numbers and diversity of many protective commensal anaerobes, such as Bacteroides and Bifidobacteria

The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio was already shown to be of significant relevance in signaling human gut microbiota status

Our measurements of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in adults obtained by our species-specific qPCR are in agreement with those obtained by Ley et al

Compared with young adults, the elderly have a different digestive physiology, characterized at a physiological level by a reduction in transit and of digestive secretions

The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio undergoes an increase from birth to adulthood and is further altered with advanced age

The incidence of T1D in these mice is positively correlated with the “femaleness” of the microbiota

These results support the hypothesis that the host androgen level is influential in determining the composition of the microbiota, which in turn affects T1D initiation and progression

a high testosterone level enriches the microbiota for specific organisms such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and Escherichia coli or Shigella–like (SECS) strains.

A minimum level of testosterone and specific male-enriched microbes working together upregulate M2 macrophage and IFN-γ producing T cells in pancreatic lymph nodes. Microarray data show that both the IFN-γ and IL-1β pathways are also stimulated.

These microbes also upregulate host testosterone

In four independent experiments, the authors found no universal unique “male microbiome”

they did find that four distinct combinations of microbial groupings (with an interesting lack of overlap at the individual family level in the four experiments) were enhanced by androgen

one species consists of the segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and belongs to the Firmicutes, whereas the other is an Escherichia coli or Shigella–like (SECS) strain belonging to the Proteobacteria

colonization with protective microbiomes—e.g., SPF microbiota, SFB, and SECS—is positively correlated with high blood testosterone levels in male mice

A direct implication of this study is that probiotic administration or fecal transplantation is a theoretically possible approach to protection against T1D